FIVE

STAGES
OF
ECONOMICAL
DEVELOPMENT

2022 September 4 GROUP 1

 ROSTOW'S STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT WALT
WHITEMAN ROSTOW (1916-2003)
In 1960, the American
Economic Historian, W.W.
Rostow, suggested that
countries passed through five
stages of economic
development
2022 September 4 GROUP 1
ECONOMIC
HUNTING-
STAGES GATHERING AND
RIVERINE
CIVILIZATIONS
AGRICULTURAL
EMPIRES
EARLY
AGRICULTURE

THE ATLANTIC THE PACIFIC

INDUSTRIAL ERA GLOBAL ERA

6
HUNTING-GATHERING AND
EARLY AGRICULTURE

Hunter-gatherer culture is a type of

subsistence lifestyle that relies on
hunting and fishing animals and
foraging for wild vegetation and
other nutrients like honey, for food.
Until approximately 12,000 years ago,
all humans practiced hunting-
gathering.

3
HUNTING-GATHERING AND EARLY AGRICULTURE

Domestication first fully established

in Southwestern Asia around 7500
BC; hunter-gatherers persisted in
diminishing, numbers until today.
Hunter-gatherers generally
manipulate the environment less
than later cultures, and adapt closely
to environmental concerns.

3
RIVERINE CIVILIZATIONS

A river valley civilization is an

agricultural nation or
civilization situated beside
and drawing sustenance
from a river.

3
RIVERINE CIVILIZATIONS

Great irrigation-based economies

lasting from c. 4000 BC to 1st century
AD in places such as the Nile Valley
and Mesopotamia. Technology
developed to attempt to free
civilizations from some of the
constraints of a dry season.

3
AGRICULTURAL EMPIRES

Agriculture originated in a few small

hubs around the world, but probably
first in the Fertile Crescent, a region of
the Near East including parts of
modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel
and Jordan.

3
AGRICULTURAL EMPIRES

From 500 BC- 1800 AD, a number of

city-dominated empires existed, often
affecting large areasvof the globe.
Technology (e.g., terracing and
selective breeding) developed to help
overcome environmental barriers to
increased production.

3
ATLANTIC INDUSTRIAL ERA
The Industrial Revolution was a period
of scientific and technological
development in the 18th century that
transformed largely rural, agrarian
societies—especially in Europe and
North America—into industrialized,
urban ones. Goods that had once been
painstakingly crafted by hand started
to be produced in mass quantities by
machines in factories, thanks to the
introduction of new machines and
techniques in textiles, iron making and
other industries.

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ATLANTIC INDUSTRIAL ERA

From c. 1800 AD to today a belt of cities

from Chicago to Beirut, and around the
Asian shores to Tokyo, form an
economic core area based primarily on
fossil fuel use. Societies have
increasingly divorced themselves from
the natural environment, through air
conditioning for example. These
societies have also had major impacts
on the environment.

3
 PACIFIC GLOBAL ERA

Since the early 1900s, it has been predicted that the

center of the world's political and economic gravity
would shift from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. “The
Atlantic era is now at the height of its development,”
President Theodore Roosevelt said in 1903. “The Pacific
era, destined to be the greatest of all, is just at its
dawn.” And in 1944, just after his triumphal return to the
Philippines, General Douglas Mac-Arthur told a group
of war correspondents, “The history of the world for the
next thousand years will be written in the Pacific.”

3
PACIFIC GLOBAL ERA

Since the 1960s, there has been a

shifting emphasis to the Pacific Basin
as the primary focus of the global
economy, accompanied by
globalization of communications and
the growth of multinational
corporations.

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 END OF DISCUSSION

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2022 September 4 GROUP 1