TPS78405

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400-mA, 5-V OUTPUT, HIGH INPUT VOLTAGE LDO VOLTAGE REGULATOR

1FEATURES
• Output Voltage 5 V ± 2% DESCRIPTION
• Very Low over all Current Consumption The TPS78405 is a very low-noise monolithic
• Very low noise: 15.5 µV integrated low-dropout voltage regulator offered in a
5-pin TO (KTT) package. An input voltage up to 45 V
• Power-On and Undervoltage Reset is regulated to VOUT = 5 V (typ). The device can drive
• Reset Low-Level Output Voltage < 1 V loads up to 400 mA and is short-circuit proof. At
• Very Low Dropout Voltage overtemperature, the TPS78405 is turned off by the
incorporated temperature protection. A reset signal is
• Short-Circuit Protection
generated for an output voltage (VOUT,rt) of 4.65 V
• Reverse-Polarity Protection (typ). The reset delay time can be programmed by
• ESD (HBM) Protection > 6 kV the external delay capacitor.
The input capacitor, CIN(1µF Tantalum) ,
APPLICATIONS compensates for line fluctuation. Using a resistor of
• Industrial Systems approximately 1 Ω, in series with CIN, dampens the
• Distributed Power Systems oscillation of input inductivity and input capacitance.
• White Goods The output capacitor, COUT, stabilizes the regulation
circuit. Stability is specified at
KTT PACKAGE
COUT(Tantalum) ≥ 22 µF and ESR ≤ 5 Ω, within the
(TOP VIEW) operating temperature range.

OUT
The control amplifier compares a reference voltage to
5
4 DELAY a voltage that is proportional to the output voltage
3 GND and drives the base of the series transistor via a
2 RESET buffer. Saturation control as a function of the load
1 IN current prevents any oversaturation of the power
element. The device also incorporates a number of
internal circuits for protection against:
• Overload
• Overtemperature
• Reverse polarity
• Overvoltage shutdown

ORDERING INFORMATION (1)

VOUT
TA PACKAGE (2) ORDERABLE PART NUMBER TOP-SIDE MARKING
(TYP)
–40°C to 125°C 5V TO-263 (KTT) Reel of 500 TPS78405KTTR TPS78405

(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
web site at www.ti.com.
(2) Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.

This datasheet has been downloaded from http://www.digchip.com at this page

TPS78405
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This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Temperature Saturation
Sensor Control and
Protection
Circuit

1 5
IN OUT

Bandgap
Reference

4 Reset
DELAY
Generator
2
RESET
3
GND

NO. NAME
1 IN
2 RESET
3 GND
4 DELAY
5 OUT
TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
DESCRIPTION
Input. Power is supplied to the device through the IN pin. A bypass capacitor is required on this pin if the device is
more than 1 inch away from the main input filter capacitor. In general, the output impedance of power supply rises
with frequency, so it is advisable to include a bypass capacitor. A ceramic bypass capacitor in range of 1 µF to
10 µF is sufficient. The TPS78405 regulator is designed to withstand reverse voltage on IN with respect to ground.
In the case of a reverse input, which can happen if a battery is plugged in backwards, the device acts as if there is
a diode in series with its input, so that no reverse current flow into the regulator and no reverse voltage appears at
the load. The device protects both itself and the load.
Reset output. Open-collector output. When the output voltage drops below 4.65 V, the transistor is turned on. The
maximum driving current is 5 mA, and maximum collector voltage is 13 V. RESET can be used to monitor the
output voltage using an LED.
Ground. This is the return of the circuit and is connected internally to the device heatsink.
Reset delay. Used for setting the reset delay time using a capacitor to set the delay time (see Figure 2). DELAY
charges the capacitor from 5.5-µA current sources.
Output. Supplies power to the load. A minimum output capacitor (tantalum) of 22 µF and ESR < 5 Ω is required to
prevent oscillations. A larger output capacitor is required for applications with large transient loads to limit peak
voltage transients.

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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
IN –42 V to 45 V
Input voltage range, VIN (2)
DELAY –0.3 V to 7 V
OUT –1 V to 16 V
Output voltage range, VOUT
RESET –0.3 V to 25 V
Input current, IIN DELAY ±2 mA
Output current for RESET, IRO RESET ±5 mA
ESD rating Human-Body Model (HBM) 8 kV
Package thermal impedance, junction to free air, θJA (3) (4) 21.5°C/W
Operating virtual-junction temperature range, TJ –40°C to 150°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg –65°C to 150°C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal.
(3) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.
(4) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7.

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN MAX UNIT
VIN Input voltage 5.5 42 V
TJ Junction temperature –40 150 °C

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VIN = 13.5 V, TJ = −40°C to 150°C (unless otherwise noted)
(see Figure 1)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
IOUT = 5 mA to 400 mA, VIN = 6 V to 28 V 4.9 5 5.1
VOUT Output voltage V
IOUT = 5 mA to 200 mA, VIN = 6 V to 42 V 4.9 5 5.1
IOUT Output current limit VIN = 6 V, -40°C - 125°C 400 700 mA
IOUT = 1 mA, TJ = 25°C 150 200
µA
Current consumption IOUT = 1 mA, TJ ≤ 85°C 150 220
IGND
IGND = IIN − IOUT IOUT = 250 mA 5 8
mA
IOUT = 400 mA 12 16
IOUT = 400 mA, VDO = VIN − VOUT ,TJ =
250 400
25°C
IOUT = 300 mA, 200 400
(1) IOUT = 300 mA, VDO = VIN − VOUT, TJ =
VDO Dropout voltage 200 300 mV
25°C
IOUT = 100 mA, VDO = VIN − VOUT, TJ =
80 100
25°C
IOUT = 10 mA, VDO = VIN − VOUT, TJ = 25°C 20 50
Load regulation IOUT = 5 mA to 400 mA 10 15 mV
Line regulation ΔVIN = 8 V to 32 V, IOUT = 5 mA 5 15 mV
IOUT(MAX) Short-circuit current VIN = VOUT + 1 V, TJ = 25°C 1.2 A
PSRR Power-supply ripple rejection frequency = 120 Hz, Vr = 0.5 Vpp 60 dB
DVO
Temperature output-voltage drift 0.5 mV/K
DT
BW = 100 Hz to 50 kHz, COUT = 22 µF,
en Output noise voltage (RMS) 15.5 µV
IOUT = 5 mA
VOUT,rt RESET switching threshold 4.5 4.65 4.8 V
VROL RESET output low voltage Rext ≥ 5 kΩ, VOUT > 1 V 0.2 0.4 V
IROH RESET output leakage current VRO = 5 V 0 5 µA
ID,c RESET charging current VD = 1 V 3 5.5 9 µA
VDU RESET upper timing threshold 1.5 1.8 2.2 V
VDRL RESET lower timing threshold 0.2 0.4 0.7 V

(1) Measured when the output voltage VOUT has dropped 100 mV from the nominal value obtained at VIN = 13.5 V.

SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
trd RESET delay time CD = 47 nF 10 16 22 ms
trr RESET reaction time CD = 47 nF 0.5 2 µs

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
5.2 5.2
VIN = 6 V VIN = 28 V

5.1 5.1
VOUT – Output Voltage – V

VOUT – Output Voltage – V

5 5

4.9 4.9

4.8 4.8

4.7 4.7

4.6 4.6
-45 -25 -5 15 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 -45 -25 -5 15 35 55 75 95 115 135 155
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT

vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
12 1200
11 1100
10 1000
IOUT – Output Current – mA

9 900
VOUT – Output Voltage – V

8 800
7 700
6 600
5 500

4 400

3 300

2 200

1 100

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -45 -25 -5 15 35 55 75 95 115 135 155
VIN – Input Voltage – V TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

OUTPUT CURRENT CURRENT CONSUMPTION

vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT CURRENT
1.2 3.5

1.1 VIN = 13.5 V

3
1

IGND – Current Consumption – mA

0.9
IOUT – Output Current – A

2.5
0.8

0.7 2
0.6

0.5 1.5

0.4
1
0.3
0.2 0.5
0.1

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

VIN – Input Voltage – V IOUT – Output Current – mA

CURRENT CONSUMPTION DROPOUT VOLTAGE

vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT
12 800

11 VIN = 13.5 V TJ = 25°C

700
10
IGND – Current Consumption – mA

Vdo – Dropout Voltage – mV

9 600

8
500
7

6 400

5
300
4
200
3

2 100
1
0
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
IOUT – Output Current – mA IOUT – Output Current – mA

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

CHARGE CURRENT DELAY SWITCHING THRESHOLD

vs vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
8 4
VIN = 13.5 V
VIN = 13.5 V
7 3.5
VD = 1 V

Delay Switching Threshold – V

6 3
ID,c – Charge Current – µA

5 2.5
VDU
4 2

3 1.5

2 1
VDRL
1 0.5

0 0
-45 -25 -5 15 35 55 75 95 115 135 155 -45 -25 -5 15 35 55 75 95 115 135 155
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT

vs vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE TIME
1150 1100
COUT = 22 µF VIN = 6 V
1100 1000
CIN = 1 µF COUT = 22 µF
CIN = 1 µF
Short-Circuit Current – mA

900
Short-Circuit Current – mA

1050

800
1000
700
950
600

900
500

850 400

800 300
6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Supply Voltage – V Time - s

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

POWER-SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION

vs
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT FREQUENCY
-5
VIN = 13.5V
VIN = 30 V -15 COUT = 22 µF
CIN = 10 µF CIN = 1 µF
IOUT -25
COUT = 10 µF IOUT = 1 mA TA = 125°C
-35

PSRR – dB
-45

-55
TA = 25°C
-65

-75
TA = -40°C
-85

-95
10 100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency – kHz

POWER-SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION OUTPUT IMPEDANCE

vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
8
-5 VIN = 13.5 V
-10 VIN = 13.5 V
COUT = 22 µF
-15 7 COUT = 22 µF
-20 CIN = 1 µF
CIN = 1 µF (tantalum)
-25 IOUT = 300 mA 6
-30 IOUT = 1 mA
Output Impedance –W

-35
PSRR – dB

-40 5
-45
-50 4
-55
-60
TA = 125°C 3
-65
-70
-75 TA = -40°C 2
-80
-85 TA = 25°C
-90 1
-95
10 100 1000 10000 100000 0
Frequency – kHz 0 1 10 100 1000
Frequency – kHz

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

RESET DELAY TIME RESET OUTPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT

vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
22 70
VIN = 13.5 V

RESET Output Leakage Current – nA

60 CIN = 1 µF
20
COUT = 22 µF
RESET Delay Time – ms

50
18

40
16
VIN = 13.5 V 30
CIN = 1000 µF
14 COUT = 22 µF
20
CD = 47 nF
REXT = 5 kø
kW
12 10

10 0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Temperature – °C Temperature – °C

RESET OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE RESET REACTION TIME

vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
0.4 2.0
CIN = 1 µF VIN = 13.5 V
1.8
COUT = 22 µF CIN = 1000 µF
RESET Output Low Voltage – V

1.6 COUT = 22 µF
RESET Reaction Time – µs

0.3 CD = 47 nF
1.4
REXT = 5 kø
kW
1.2

0.2 1.0

0.8

0.6
0.1
0.4

0.2

0.0 0.0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Temperature – °C Temperature – °C

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

RESET SWITCHING THRESHOLD VOLTAGE RESET UPPER TIMING THRESHOLD

vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
4.80 2.2

VIN = 13.5 V
RESET Switching Threshold Voltage – V

CIN = 1 µF

RESET Upper Timing Threshold – V

2.1 CIN = 1 µF
4.75 COUT = 22 µF
COUT = 22 µF
2.0
4.70

1.9
4.65
1.8

4.60
1.7

4.55
1.6

4.50 1.5
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Temperature – °C Temperature – °C

LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE

CIN = 1 µF CIN = 1 µF
8 COUT = 22 µF 8 COUT = 22 µF
IOUT = 0 mA IOUT = 400 mA
VIN VIN
VIN – V
VIN – V

500 mV/Div 500 mV/Div

7 7
Change in VOUT – mV

50
Change in VOUT – mV

20
0 0
-20
VOUT VOUT
20 mV/Div 20 mV/Div
-50

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE

VIN = 6 V
CIN = 1 µF
CIN = 1 µF IOUT
COUT = 22 µF COUT = 22 µF

Load – mA
8 350
VIN IOUT = 450 mA
VIN – V

500 mV/Div

4
7
200

Change in
VOUT – mV
40
Change in VOUT – mV

VOUT
-200

0
VOUT
20 mV/Div
Time (40 µs/div)
-40

LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE

VIN = 6 V

IOUT CIN = 1 µF
COUT = 22 µF
Load – mA

450

1
200
Change in
VOUT – mV

-200 VOUT

Time (40 µs/div)

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

REGION OF STABILITY
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE
vs
OUTPUT CAPACITANCE

Unstable
ESR – W

Stable

Unstable

COUT – µF
REGION OF STABILITY
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT

COUT = 22 µF
Unstable
ESR – W

Stable

IOUT – A

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PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

IIN IOUT
IN OUT
1 5
CI1 CI2 COUT
1000 µF 100 nF 22 µF
Rext
5 kW
IRO
DELAY RESET
VIN 4 2
3 VOUT

ID,c GND
ID,d
VRO
IGND
VD CD
47 nF

Figure 1. Test Circuit

VIN

VOUT < trr

VQ,rt

t
d∆V = ID,c
VD d∆T CD VDU

VDRL

trd trr trr trr t

trd trd
VRO

Power-On Thermal Voltage Dip Undervoltage Secondary Overload

Reset Shutdown at Input Spike at Output

Figure 2. Reset Timing

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

The TPS78405 is a monolithic integrated low-dropout voltage regulator in 5-pin KTT package. An input voltage
up to 45 V is regulated down to 5 V. The output can drive load up to 450 mA and is short-circuit protected. In
addition to short-circuit protection, the TPS78405 incorporates over-temperature and input-reverse protection.
Figure 3 is typical application.

TAB
VIN 1 5
VIN(MAX) = 42 V IN OUT OUTPUT

4 2
C2 DELAY RESET C4
+ C1
100 nF GND R2 22 µF
47 µF
Ceramic 10 kW ESR < 5 W
C3 3
47 nF

D1
RESET

R1
Current Limit Resistor

Figure 3. High Input Voltage, 450 mA, LDO Voltage Regulator

Output Capacitance
The TPS78405 regulator is designed to be stable with wide range of output capacitors. The ESR of the output
capacitor affects stability. A minimum output capacitor of 22 µF with ESR < 5 Ω is recommended to prevent
oscillations. A larger output capacitance value can decrease the peak deviations and provide improved transient
response for larger load current changes. Bypass capacitors, used to decouple individual components powered
by the TPS78405, increase the effective output capacitor value.
Ceramic capacitors can be use by adding a small resistor in series (ESR) with the capacitor (see the Region of
Stability graphs in Typical Characteristics).

Thermal Considerations
The power-handling capability of the device is limited by the maximum rated junction temperature (125°C). The
power dissipated by the device is made up of one component:
Output current multiplied by the input/out voltage differential: IOUT × (VIN – VOUT).
The TPS78405 regulator has an internal thermal-limiting circuit to protect the device during overload conditions.
For continuous normal conditions, the maximum junction temperature rating of 125°C must not be exceeded. It is
important to give careful consideration to all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient.

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