Types of

INTERMOLECULAR
Forces
1. London Dispersion Forces
Christielyn Jhernella R. Gozo 2. Dipole-dipole forces
Grade 12 - Gregorio Y. Zara (STEM)
3. Hydrogen bond
Sir Arvin C. Diamante
4. Ion-dipole

Intermolecular
Forces
The term “INTERmolecular forces” is
used to describe the forces of attraction.
BETWEEN atoms, molecules, and ions
when they are placed close to each other.
When intermolecular forces are strong the
atoms, molecules or ions are strongly
attracted to each other, and draw closer
together. These are more likely to be found
in condensed states such as liquid or solid.

ST
A
R Melting Point - Compounds containing hydrogen
T
N Boiling and Melting Point - More carbons mean a
C
O M PA R E & CO
London Dispersion Forces are forces of attraction
result from temporary dipole moments induced
in ordinarily nonpolar molecules. Dipole-dipole
forces are attractive forces between polar
molecules (molecules that possess dipole
moments). Furthermore, hydrogen bond is a
special type of dipole-dipole interaction between
the hydrogen atom in a polar bond, such as N‒H,
O‒H, or F‒H, and an electronegative O, N, or F
atom. On the other hand, ion-dipole is a kind of
attractive force that occur between an ion and a
polar molecule. An ion is an atom or group of
atoms that holds an electrical charge, while a
dipole refers to a molecule that possesses a
delocalized positive and negative charge.
These types of Intermolecular
forces are all forces that exist
between molecules. They are
electrostatic in nature; that is, they
arise from the interaction between
positively and negatively charged
species.
ON-DIPO 1. LONDON
. I LE DISPERSION FORCES
4 Boiling Point - The more electrons a molecule has,
the greater the intermolecular attractions. Also, a
larger size increases the London dispersion forces.
Hence, the boiling point increases.
bonds require more energy to break the attraction
greater surface area possible for hydrophobic
between molecules than a nonpolar compound that
only has London dispersion forces. Thus, the
interaction, and thus higher boiling points. Which
presence of hydrogen bonds increases the melting
means higher boiling and melting points.
point of a compound.
Polarity - The strength of ion-dipole interaction is
Polarity - London dispersion forces tend to be:
based on the distance between ion and polar
stronger between molecules that are easily
molecule, the charge of the ion, and dipole
polarized. weaker between molecules that are not
magnitude. The closer ion and polar molecule are,
easily polarized.
the stronger the intermolecular force is between
Solubility - Nonpolar molecules are soluble in
polar molecule and ion.
nonpolar solvents
Solubility - In general, when ions are present in
DIPOLE F
water, each cation and anion is surrounded by a
'cage' of partial negative or partial positive
LE-
charge, respectively. These interactions explain
O O
why most ionic compounds are considered
IP
RC
soluble in water
2. D
ES
Boiling and Melting Point - Molecules with hydrogen
Boiling and Melting Point - More carbons mean a
bonds will always have higher boiling and melting
greater surface area possible for hydrophobic
points than similarly sized molecules which don't
interaction, and thus higher boiling points. As you
have an an -O-H or an -N-H group.
would expect, the strength of dipole-dipole
Polarity - These bonds are extremely polar because
interactions is reflected as higher in boiling and
of the high electronegativity difference between the
melting points.
atoms.
Polarity - Dipole–dipole forces occur between
Solubility - Thus, we can conclude that hydrogen
molecules with permanent dipoles. For molecules of
bonds highly affect solubility. More polar is the
similar size and mass, the strength of these forces
molecule due to hydrogen bonding, higher will be
increases with increasing polarity.
the solubility.
Solubility - Molecules with a dipole moment, that is
3. HYDROGEN BONDS polar molecules, dissolve in polar liquids.