F.Y. t2 2020-21 Foa Unit III Ak

ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURE FIRST YEAR B.
ARCH – 2020-2021
FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURE ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022

FIRST YEAR B.ARCH
Unit 3- MODULE NO. 01
Prepared By:
Ar. Akshar Mendhe
STES’s SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE

ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURE FIRST YEAR B.ARCH – 2020-2021
Unit III :
Fundamentals of architecture - function, structure, culture and
environment and their integration into the architectural form
STES’s SCOA, Pune| F.Y. B.Arch |21-22| FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURE | Ar. Akshar Mendhe|
FORM
Form is the primary identifying characteristic of a volume.

It is established by shapes and interrelationships of planes that make the boundaries of that
form.
FORM
•Form in architecture plays a very crucial role.

•Any architecture without any form can never be
imagined.
•Different types of forms we observe are :
Regular forms
Irregular forms
Mixed forms (additive/subtractive)
Forms inspired from nature
Unusual forms
Futuristic forms
Abstract forms
FORM
•A variety of factors have

an impact on the form:
- Function
- Climate
- Environmental factors
- Type of Structure
- Materials and
Technology
- Culture
- Context
- Style and Imagination
FUNCTION
•In relation to the built environment, the

term ‘Function’ refers to the purpose of
a building or structure.
•It can also relate to the
proper operation, process
or performance of something and how
it works.
•Functionalism : It is the principle that
rather than buildings being designed in
accordance with past precedents
or stylistic trends (aesthetics), the
underlying purpose of
the building should determine its form.
FUNCTION
Principle of design associated with late 19th and early 20th century architecture and industrial design in
general, which states that the shape of a building or object should primarily relate to its intended
function or purpose.
STRUCTURE
Every structural element has weight. The gravitational pull of the earth acts vertically
downwards.
The weight of the material acting vertically downward moves the material along it and such
movement is resisted from the earths surface.
All structural materials and structures composed of such materials receive support from the
earths surface.
Load is that force which tends to cause
stress to arise or tends to alter an existing
stress.
There are 3 types of Loads:
▪ Dead load - self weight of the structure.
▪ Live load - represented by persons,
furniture, equipment etc.
▪ Wind load - force of the wind striking a
surface of the building.
STRUCTURE AND FORM
•The direction of the movement of the force acting on the material varies according to the
form of the element.
•The force distributes itself and reaches the ground in 3 different directions. Such a
movement is called spatial movement.
•Live load primarily determines the structural form while the dead and wind load modify the
primary form selected.
•Movement pattern of force or load transmission in structures is divided into 4 main

categories.
RIGHT ANGLED
SPHERICAL
DIAGONAL
SPATIAL
CASE STUDY
•Project: UAE Pavilion,

Shanghai Expo 2010
•Architect: Foster +
Partners
•Client: UAE National
Media Council
•Location / date:
Shanghai, China /
2008–2010
CASE STUDY
•CONCEPT:
-Response to local landscape feature : sand
dunes
-Flexible space for exhibition
-Climate responsive
•STRUCTURE :
-Lattice of flat stainless-steel panels
-Fixing system that can be easily attached and
separated to assemble the pavilion when
required.
-North and South side elevations show contrast
in terms of openings and textures
CLIMATE
CLIMATE : it is the product of the geographical factors of the area

we live in.
◦ Def: region with certain conditions of temperature, humidity,

wind , light etc.
◦ Invariable factors : latitude, longitude, nearness to sea, altitude

etc.
easily assessed, provide overall climatic situation.
◦ Variable factors : temperature, rainfall, wind direction etc.
difficult to assess.
◦ Factors affecting the building and the internal environment:
SUN , AIR , TEMPERATURE, RAIN, LIGHT AND VEGETATION
CLIMATE AND SHELTER
•Since ages man has built structures mainly for shelter.

•These structures have undergone changes over a period of time in response to the climate, nature ,
availability of material etc.
•Traditionally they were in response to the climate with reference to form and material.
•With the advent of new materials and technology, this sensitivity has started diminishing. This has
thus given rise to a new vocabulary of architecture which has led to an energy crisis.
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
•The climate of the locality and the buildings around it mold the building.
•Why study vernacular architecture ?

• Globalization and technology - no response to climate
• Energy crisis and effects of climate – go back to the traditional architecture – understand their
methodologies
• Vernacular architecture – native and traditional architecture of a specific region which takes into
consideration the climate of the region, the social and economic conditions of the people etc.
• Considers sustainability in technology , available building materials , environmental adaptations,
nature etc.
• " Vernacular architecture owes its spectacular longevity to a constant redistribution of hard-won
knowledge, channeled into quasi-instinctive reactions to the outer world. "
-Bernard Rudofsky
CLIMATIC ZONES
•TROPICAL
•DRY
•TEMPERATE
•COLD
•POLAR
CLIMATIC ZONES IN INDIA
Seven climatic regions:

Himalayas – varies with altitude
Assam and West Bengal – extremely wet
and humid
Indo-Gangetic Plain – varied pattern
Western Ghats and Coast- heavy rainfall
Deccan- great variety, one of the most
comfortable areas
Eastern Ghats and Coast
Northwestern regions- Dessert , arid
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

•Hot and humid climate •Hot and dry climate

•Cold and cloudy climate •Cold and dry climate
Fig2.32 Sun space passive heating system cross

section.

•Composite climate
CULTURE
•Culture is defined as the

ideas, customs and social
behavior of particular people
or society.
•The behaviors we are
accustomed to and have
been taught are the factors
determining the kind of
spaces we need to live in.
CULTURE
•Architecture as a direct expression of culture:

The user’s needs arise based on their activities, which are all well defined by their culture. Their
practices and beliefs dictate what their living and gathering spaces should be like.
•The location of a space, the size required for that function and the way through which it connects all
are aided by the basic cultural significance space is being designed for.
CULTURE
•Culture reflected in architecture helps create or

maintain identity and integrity in today’s world of
globalization and internationalism.
Thank You for your kind attention
Suggested assignments
1. appraisal

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ONLINE TEACHING MODULES – FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURE FIRST YEAR B.

FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURE ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022

STES’s SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE

Form is the primary identifying characteristic of a volume.

•Form in architecture plays a very crucial role.

•A variety of factors have

•In relation to the built environment, the

STRUCTURE AND FORM

•Movement pattern of force or load transmission in structures is divided into 4 main

•Project: UAE Pavilion,

CLIMATE : it is the product of the geographical factors of the area

◦ Def: region with certain conditions of temperature, humidity,

◦ Invariable factors : latitude, longitude, nearness to sea, altitude

easily assessed, provide overall climatic situation.

◦ Variable factors : temperature, rainfall, wind direction etc.

◦ Factors affecting the building and the internal environment:

SUN , AIR , TEMPERATURE, RAIN, LIGHT AND VEGETATION

CLIMATE AND SHELTER

•Since ages man has built structures mainly for shelter.

•Why study vernacular architecture ?

CLIMATIC ZONES IN INDIA

Seven climatic regions:

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

Fig2.32 Sun space passive heating system cross

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

•Culture is defined as the

•Architecture as a direct expression of culture:

•Culture reflected in architecture helps create or

Thank You for your kind attention

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