Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems

7/13/22, 1:16 PM Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems - PDFCOFFEE.
COM
Citation preview
Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems Power Systems Communication
Teleprotection - Introduction •
What is it ? -> Tele-Communication + Protection - Signalling
Where is it used ? -> Mainly at the higher and highest voltage levels
Why is it used ? -> Clearance of faults within the shortest possible time
Power Systems Communication
TPS Standards and Publications IEC standards: IEC 60834-1 Teleprotection equipment of power syst
Part 1: Narrow-band systems (First edition, 1988) Part 1: Command systems (Second edition, 1999)
testing of teleprotection equipment of power systems Part 2: Analogue comparison systems (First Edition
CIGRE publications: "Teleprotection Guide", Study Committees 34 + 35, Joint Working Group on Telepr
"Protection Systems Using Telecommunication", 1985 Revised Version "Protection Using Telecommunic
Protection System Architecture Substation A
Substation B HV-line
Protecti on Relay
Teleprotecti on Equipm ent
Physic al Link Telecommunication System Teleprotection System Protection System
Teleprotecti on Equipm ent
Protecti on Relay
Protection Signal Transmission Type of Information: • Continuous signals • Magnitude and/or phase
Command type signals (on/off) • Trip / do not trip
Protection Systems Protection system based on:
Local Information Signal-transmission not required
Information from all points Signal-transmission required

https://pdfcoffee.com/fundamentals-of-teleprotection-systems-3-pdf-free.html 1/10
7/13/22, 1:16 PM Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems - PDFCOFFEE.COM
Distance Protection Typical stepped distance/time characteristics Operating Time ZONE 3
TA3
ZONE 2
A RA
ZONE 1
TA2
TA1
Distance
A, B, C RA,RB, RC TA1 , TA2, TA3 TB1 , TB2, TB3
Stations Protection Relay Operating Times, Relay A Operating Times, Relay B
TB2
B RB
TB1
C RC
Distance Line Protection Permissive Underreach Transferred Tripping (PUTT) B
RBC
LBC
BC1 RCB
CB1
NSD
B, C LBC RBC ,RCB BC1, CB1
Substations Protected line section Protection relay Zone 1 reach, 85% of line section

NSD
RCB
NSD
Line fault
Communication channel (PLC, Microwave, Cable)
Distance Line Protection Direct Transfer Tripping (DTT) B
LBC
RBC
BC1 CB1
NSD
B, C LBC RBC ,RCB BC1, CB1
RCB
NSD
Line fault
Communication channel (PLC, Microwave, Cable)
Transformer Protection Example for direct tripping NSD 70C B P
LC
NSD 70C
NSD
Substations F Line fault Protected line section L Communication channel (PLC, Microwave, Cable) Prote
in direction of the protected line section Range of protection relay in direction of busbars
CBe
Teleprotection command transmission Command input (local)
Transmission time
Disturbance, Impairments
Command output (remote) Genuine Command
Missing Command
Unwanted Command
Dependability
Security
Telecommunication Channel Impairments  Impairments resulting from interference and noise • Isolate
harmonics (pilot cables) • Corona noise (PLC channels) • Fading (microwave channels) • Jitter (digita
synchronism (digital networks) • Signal interruptions • etc.  Disturbed signals may cause protection equ
Performance Criteria for Teleprotection
Transmission Time
Dependability (Probability of missing command)
Security (Probability of unwanted command)
Bandwidth or Data Rate
Optimization / Exchange according to application Power Systems Communication
Line Protection Possible Signal Connections Between two Distance Relays Designation relay setting (%)
Short description mission channel as regards
Permissive underreach transferred tripping Permissive overreach transferred tripping
Starting of distance relay permits tripping Directional comparison (signal permits tripping)
3
Security
L = Low M = Medium H = High S = Very severe requirements
Requirements for trans-
Dependability 85
M-H
M-H
130
85 (130*)
L-M
130
H-S
130
M
85
15 ms
40 ms
• Target: TTotal
= less than 100 ms, Worst Case = 4.5 to 5 cycles max. (50 Hz)
Typical requirements for different applications
• Line protection with permissive transfer tripping: • Transmission time • Dependability • Security
T0 = 10 ... 20 ms Plost command ≤ 10-2 ... 10-3 Pfalse command ≤ 10-3 ... 10-4
• Line protection with blocking system: • Transmission time • Dependability • Security
T0 = 6 ... 15 ms Plost command ≤ 10-3 Pfalse command ≤ 10-2
• Direct transfer tripping (e.g. transformer protection): • Transmission time • Dependability • Security
T0 = 20 ... 50 ms Plost command ≤ 10-3 ... 10-4 Pfalse command ≤ 10-5 ... 10-6
Command Systems, Typical Figures Blocking • short transmission time • moderate security • high depen
Analog systems
Digital systems
Tac Puc Pmc
< 15 ms < 1E-2 < 1E-3
< 10 ms < 1E-6 < 1E-3
Permissive tripping • moderate transmission time • moderate to high security • moderate to high dependa
Tac Puc Pmc
< 20 ms < 1E-3 ....1E-4 < 1E-2 ....1E-3
< 10 ms < 1E-6 < 1E-3
Direct tripping • moderate transmission time • very high security • very high dependability
Tac Puc Pmc

< 40 ms < 1E-5 .... 1E-6 < 1E-3
800 kV redundant Line Protection Breaker
Transducers
HV transmission line
PUTT LINE POTT1 PROT POTT2 I RM91 RE93
PUTT A B C D
Permissive underreach tripping NSD 70 indirect
Coupling
NSD 50 ETL PLC 81 I
A NSD B 70
POTT 1 Permissive overreach tripping NSD 70 indirect POTT 2 Permissive overreach tripping NSD 50 in
BFP
from generator
(with NSD 50 and NSD 70)
RM 91
Directional comp. prot. NSD 70 indirect
RE 93
Earth fault protection NSD 50 indirect
BFP
Breaker fail protection NSD 50 direct
GSD
Generator protection NSD 50 direct
GSD
PUTT LINE POTT1 PROT POTT2 II RM91 RE93
ABCD
NSD 50
A NSD B 70
ETL PLC 81 II
PLC ETL
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Port 6
NSD70, NSD70C, NSD70D
Protection Commands
Operating Principle NSD 70 / 70C (mode 1) Guard
One uncoded Command A
Command A
Frequency
Guard
Two uncoded Commands A, B
Test
Command A
Command B Test Command A&B
Frequency Power Systems Communication
NSD 70 / 70C
NSD70, NSD72, NSD70C NSD 70 • single tone guard / single tone command(s) • for 1 or 2 command
NSD 72 ( = 2 x NSD 70) • dual tone guard / dual tone command(s) • for 1 or 2 commands • 1 NSD 72
tone guard / dual tone command(s) • 1 NSD 70C in 1 subrack with 1 to 4 commands • 2 NSD 70C in 1
each Power Systems Communication
Transformer Protection Example for direct tripping NSD 70C B P
LC
NSD 70C
Pilot cable
HV Transmission Line or -Cable
NSD 70D
NSD70D over Dedicated Optical Fibres
N SD 70D 1 to 6 p r o t e c t io n com m ands
NSD 70D
1 to 6 p r o te c t io n com m ands
optical fibres
Notes: - Operates on multi-mode fibres up to 18 km - Operates on single-mode fibres up to 35 km
NSD 70D in FoxNet OPGW
Note:
The 6 commands of NSD 70D use only one 64 kbit channel in FOX
FOX-U (FOX 20) FOX 6Plus
NSD 70D 1 to 6 protection commands
EE
speech, data etc.

EE
Contact information
Ronald F. Clayton

info@pdfcoffee.com

Address:
46748 Colby MotorwayHettingermouth, QC T3J 3P0
About Us
Contact Us
Copyright
Privacy Policy
Terms and Conditions

Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

7/13/22, 1:16 PM Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems - PDFCOFFEE.

Fundamentals of Teleprotection Systems Power Systems Communication

What is it ? -> Tele-Communication + Protection - Signalling

Power Systems Communication

Power Systems Communication

Protection System Architecture Substation A

Teleprotecti on Equipm ent

Physic al Link Telecommunication System Teleprotection System Protection System

Power Systems Communication

Teleprotecti on Equipm ent

Power Systems Communication

Protection Systems Protection system based on:

Local Information Signal-transmission not required

Information from all points Signal-transmission required

Distance Protection Typical stepped distance/time characteristics Operating Time ZONE 3

A, B, C RA,RB, RC TA1 , TA2, TA3 TB1 , TB2, TB3

Stations Protection Relay Operating Times, Relay A Operating Times, Relay B

Power Systems Communication

Distance Line Protection Permissive Underreach Transferred Tripping (PUTT) B

B, C LBC RBC ,RCB BC1, CB1

Power Systems Communication

Power Systems Communication

Communication channel (PLC, Microwave, Cable)

Distance Line Protection Direct Transfer Tripping (DTT) B

B, C LBC RBC ,RCB BC1, CB1

Power Systems Communication

Communication channel (PLC, Microwave, Cable)

Transformer Protection Example for direct tripping NSD 70C B P

Power Systems Communication

Teleprotection command transmission Command input (local)

Command output (remote) Genuine Command

Power Systems Communication

Power Systems Communication

Performance Criteria for Teleprotection

Dependability (Probability of missing command)

Security (Probability of unwanted command)

Bandwidth or Data Rate

Optimization / Exchange according to application Power Systems Communication

Short description mission channel as regards

Permissive underreach transferred tripping Permissive overreach transferred tripping

L = Low M = Medium H = High S = Very severe requirements

Power Systems Communication

Requirements for trans-

Power Systems Communication

Typical requirements for different applications

• Line protection with blocking system: • Transmission time • Dependability • Security

T0 = 6 ... 15 ms Plost command ≤ 10-3 Pfalse command ≤ 10-2

Power Systems Communication

Tac Puc Pmc

< 15 ms < 1E-2 < 1E-3

< 10 ms < 1E-6 < 1E-3

Tac Puc Pmc

< 20 ms < 1E-3 ....1E-4 < 1E-2 ....1E-3

< 10 ms < 1E-6 < 1E-3

Tac Puc Pmc

800 kV redundant Line Protection Breaker

PUTT LINE POTT1 PROT POTT2 I RM91 RE93

Permissive underreach tripping NSD 70 indirect

NSD 50 ETL PLC 81 I

(with NSD 50 and NSD 70)

Directional comp. prot. NSD 70 indirect

Earth fault protection NSD 50 indirect

Breaker fail protection NSD 50 direct

Generator protection NSD 50 direct