Design of Leaf Canopy Using SAP2000

This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited, ECC Division - GES and must not be passed
on to any third person or firm not authorised by us, nor be copied/made use of in full or part by such person or
21-Oct-07 D0 FIRST SUBMISSION MJP MDS SDG

DATE REV. NO. DESCRIPTION Designed Checked Approved
REVISIONS
CLIENT : CONSULTANT :
firm without our prior permission writing
PROJECT : SIDRA MEDICAL & RESEARCH CENTER
SUPPLIER / CONTRACTOR: LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - GES
JOB No. 1861
TOTAL NO. OF PAGES TITLE :

NAME SIGN DATE
SIDRA MEDICAL & RESEARCH CENTER
DSGN MJP MJP 19-Oct-07
CHKD MDS MDS 20-Oct-07
DESIGN OF LEAF CANOPY
APPD SDG SDG 21-Oct-07
CODE REV.
DOC. No. 1 8 6 1 - C S - 0 5 - 0 1 0 0 8
BS D0
RELEASED FOR PRELIMINARY TENDER INFORMATION

3 APPROVAL CONSTRUCTION
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S. No. CONTENTS Page
1 DESIGN BASICS 4
2 LOAD CALCULATIONS 7
DESIGN WIND ANALYSIS DATA on ROOF
DESIGN WIND ANALYSIS DATA on WALLS
3 SAP INPUT 10
SAP Model - Node Numbers
SAP Model - Member Numbers
4 OUTPUT 15
Support Reactions
5 MEMBER DESIGN 18
Manual Design
6 BASE PLATES DESIGN 45
7 STRUCTURAL SKETCHES 49
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DESIGN BASICS
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1 INTRODUCTION
This brief design basis report covers the structural analysis and design considerations for Main Entrance
Canopy of “SIDRA MEDICAL & RESEARCH CTR HOSPITAL BUILDING”. This report covers the
deliberation of structural model used for analysis, proposed grades of materials, load considerations and
design methodology used to design of structural elements.
2 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
The International System(SI) of units is used to prepare the drawing and design documents.
3 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
The structural system consists of single bay and single storey moment resisting steel frame, which is
represented by an 3-Dimensional finite element model. Elastic analysis is carried out using standard
stiffness method. All the structural elements are designed as per the provisions of BS 5950.
4 STRUCTURAL MODEL
4.1 GEOMETRY
The Canopy has a leaf shape(top view) with span 40 m and maximum height 15 m. Fixed support is
considered at column base.
4.2 MATERIALS
A l i and
Analysis dd i iis b
design d on ffollowing
based ll i grade
d off materials
t i l
Grade of structural steel is S 275
Grade of reinforcement steel, fy = 460 N/mm2 (as mentioned in technical reference document the design
shall be conducted with specified strength of 420 N/mm2)

Grade of structural concrete, fcu = 40 N/mm2 (for sub structure only)
4.3 LOADS
4.3.1 Dead loads
Density of reinforced concrete = 24 kN/m3
Density of steel = 77 kN/m3.
4.3.2 Imposed Loads
Load on roof = 0.60 kN/m2
4.3.3 Wind loads
Wind Loads are calculated as per BS 6399-2:1997.
4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Structure is analysed as per
(1) Serviceability loads as in 2.5.1, BS 5950-1:2000.
(2) Combining Nominal Loads using Ultimate limit state as in Table 2, BS 5950-1:2000.
Servicibility Load Combinations Ultimate Load Combinations
101 DL + IL 201 1.4DL + 1.6IL
102 DL + IL + WLR0 + WLW0 202 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR0 + 1.2WLW0
103 DL + IL + WLR90A + WLW90A 203 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR90A + 1.2WLW90A
104 DL + IL + WLR90B + WLW90B 204 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR90B + 1.2WLW90B
105 DL + IL + WLR90A + WLW90B 205 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR90A + 1.2WLW90B
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106 DL + IL + WLR90B + WLW90A 206 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR90B + 1.2WLW90A

107 DL + IL + WLR180 + WLW180 207 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR180 + 1.2WLW180
108 DL + WLR0 + WLW0 208 1.4DL + 1.4WLR0 + 1.4WLW0
109 DL + WLR90A + WLW90A 209 1.4DL + 1.4WLR90A + 1.4WLW90A
110 DL + WLR90B + WLW90B 210 1.4DL + 1.4WLR90B + 1.4WLW90B
111 DL + WLR90A + WLW90B 211 1.4DL + 1.4WLR90A + 1.4WLW90B
112 DL + WLR90B + WLW90A 212 1.4DL + 1.4WLR90B + 1.4WLW90A
113 DL + WLR180 + WLW180 213 1.4DL + 1.4WLR180 + 1.4WLW180
(DL - Dead Load; IL - Imposed Load; WLR - Wind Load on Roof; WLW - Wind Load on Wall)
5 Vertical deflection of beams = Span / 200 (Table 8, BS 5950-1:2000)

Horizontal deflection of columns = Span / 300 (Table 8, BS 5950-1:2000)
6 FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
One leg of the canopy is resting on the parking raft foundation another on the raft supporting hospital
columns. Thus both the lrgs are supported on raft foundation.
7 ANALYSIS PACKAGE
The analysis of the structures is carried in SAP 2000.
8 REFERENCES
BS 6399-2:2002 Code of practice for wind loads
BS 5950-1:2000 Structural use of steelwork in building
SDM, SCI Steel Designers' Manual, The Steel Construction Institute
SDGS 1, AISC Steel Design Guide Series 1, Design of Column Base Plates
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LOAD CALCULATIONS
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Load Calculations
i. Dead Load
Sheeting 0.05 kN/m2 (Assumed)
2
Total Dead Load 0.05 kN/m
Middle Stem Member CHSΦ1200 x 50 Thk
End Stem Member CHSΦ660 x 50 Thk
Bracing CHSΦ508 x 8 Thk
ii. Imposed Load

Effective height, h 15 m
Effective Width, w 25 m
Slope of Truss, α = Tan-1 ( 15 / 25 ) 30.96 ≤ 300
Relevant Imposed Load 0.60 kN/m2 (4.3.1, BS 6399-3 2002)
iii. Wind Load on Roof

Basic wind speed at DOHA, V b 26.01 m/s
Site altitude, ∆s 10 m (2.2.2.2.2, BS 6399-2 2002)
Altitude factor, S a = 1 + 0.001 ∆s 1.01 (2.2.2.2, BS 6399-2 2002)
Direction factor, S d 1.00 (2.2.2.3, BS 6399-2 2002)
Seasonal factor, S s 1.00 (2.2.2.4, BS 6399-2 2002)
Probability factor, S p 1.00 (2.2.2.5, BS 6399-2 2002)
Site wind speed, V s = V b x S a x S d x S s x S p = 26 27
26.27 m/s (2 2 2 1 BS 6399-2
(2.2.2.1, 6399 2 2002)
Site Location Country Country (Table 4, BS 6399-2 2002)

Terrain and building factor, S b 1.82 Town (Table 4, BS 6399-2 2002)
Effective wind speed, V e = V s x S b 47.81 m/s (2.2.3.1, BS 6399-2 2002)
Dynamic wind Pressure, q s = 0.613 x V e 2 1.40 kN/m2 (2.1.2.1, BS 6399-2 2002)
The wind load is applied as a uniformly distributed load by considering the above design wind pressure and the influence area.
Wind Force, F = q s (C pe -C pi ) C a
Size effect factor (Ca) 0.87 (Figure 4, BS 6399-2 2002)
0 0 0
x0 x90 x180
Internal Pressure Co-efficient (Cpi)
0.60 -0.63 0.40 -0.56 (Table 18, BS 6399-2 2002)
External Pressure Co-efficient (Cpe) (Table 10, BS 6399-2 2002)
0
Height Ratio Roof Wind Angle 0 Wind Angle 900
(h/w) angle A B C E F G A B C D
0.60 30.96 -1.70 -1.00 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -0.70 -1.70 -1.30 -1.00 -0.80
Combination of Cpe & Cpi

qs Total pressure = q s (C pe -C pi ) C a
Zone C pe
kN/m 2 C pi (0 0 ) 0.60 C pi (90 0 ) -0.63 C pi (90 0 ) 0.40 C pi (180 0 ) -0.56
0
θ=0 -1.70 1.40 -2.80 -1.39
θ = 00 -1.00 1.40 -1.95 -0.54
θ = 00 -0.90 1.40 -1.83 -0.41
θ = 00 -0.80 1.40 -1.71 -0.29
0
θ=0 -0.70 1.40 -1.58 -0.17
θ = 900 -0.70 1.40 -0.09 -1.34
θ = 900 -1.70 1.40 -1.30 -2.56
θ = 900 -1.30 1.40 -0.82 -2.07
θ = 900 -1.00 1.40 -0.45 -1.71
θ = 900 -0.80 1.40 -0.21 -1.46
Max & min wind load -1.58 -2.80 -0.09 -1.30 -1.34 -2.56 -0.17 -1.39
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Maximum wind load on roof @ 00 -2.80 kN/m2 WLR0

0
Maximum wind load on roof @ 90 -1.30 kN/m2 WLR90A
0
Maximum wind load on roof @ 90 -2.56 kN/m2 WLR90B
0 2
Maximum wind load on roof @ 180 -1.39 kN/m WLR180
iv. Wind Load on vertical wall face

Effective height, H 15 m
Effective Width, D 40 m
Size effect factor (Ca) 0.87 (Figure 4, BS 6399-2 2002)
0 0 0
x0 x90 x180
Internal Pressure Co-efficient (Cpi)
0.60 -0.63 0.40 -0.56 (Table 18, BS 6399-2 2002)
External Pressure Co-efficient (Cpe) (Table 5, BS 6399-2 2002)
Span Ratio Windward Leeward Side Face Isolated Side Face Funnelling
Face Face
D/H Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone A Zone B Zone C
2.67 0.71 -0.50 -1.30 -0.80 -0.50 -1.60 -0.90 -0.90
Combination of Cpe & Cpi

qs Total pressure = q s (C pe -C pi ) C a
Vertical Wall Face C pe
kN/m 2 C pi (0 0 ) 0.60 C pi (90 0 ) -0.63 C pi (90 0 ) 0.40 C pi (180 0 ) -0.56
Windward Face 0.71 1.40 0.14 1.63 0.38 1.55

Leeward Face -0.50 1.40 -1.34 0.16 -1.10 0.07
Side Face -1.30
1 30 1 40
1.40 -2.32
2 32 -0.82
0 82 -2.07
2 07 0 90
-0.90
Side Face -0.80 1.40 -1.71 -0.21 -1.46 -0.29
Side Face -0.50 1.40 -1.34 0.16 -1.10 0.07
Side Face -1.60 1.40 -2.68 -1.18 -2.44 -1.27
Side Face -0.90 1.40 -1.83 -0.33 -1.58 -0.41
Side Face -0.90 1.40 -1.83 -0.33 -1.58 -0.41
Max & min wind load 0.14 -2.68 1.63 -1.18 0.38 -2.44 1.55 -1.27
Maximum wind load on wall @ 00 -2.68 kN/m2 WLW0
Maximum wind load on wall @ 900 1.63 kN/m2 WLW90A
0
Maximum wind load on wall @ 90 -2.44 kN/m2 WLW90B
Maximum wind load on wall @ 1800 1.55 kN/m2 WLW180
v. Wind Direction
.900.
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SAP INPUT
SAP2000 10-10-07 11:52:35
SAP2000 v10.1.3 - File:Main Entrance Canopy - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units

SAP2000 10-10-07 11:51:56

SAP2000 10-10-07 11:51:18

SAP2000 10-10-07 11:50:24

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SAP OUTPUT
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TABLE: Joint Reactions
Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
Text Text Text KN KN KN KN‐m KN‐m KN‐m
61 201 Combination ‐373.96 339.24 845.30 ‐1023.47 ‐1665.95 ‐173.34
61 202 Combination ‐444.80 339.26 ‐790.16 ‐930.87 ‐1551.07 148.80
61 203 Combination ‐319.74 292.55 982.42 ‐1404.55 ‐932.28 ‐381.73
61 204 Combination ‐8.56 ‐1.64 122.43 314.39 ‐786.36 200.42
61 205 Combination ‐102.51 73.02 219.13 161.78 ‐1090.27 176.03
61 206 Combination ‐225.79 217.89 885.71 ‐1251.93 ‐628.37 ‐357.34
61 207 Combination ‐344.23 261.09 346.86 ‐1026.10 ‐1174.26 ‐332.21
61 208 Combination ‐593.20 321.10 ‐499.30 ‐1553.43 ‐839.09 ‐111.19
61 209 Combination ‐447.30 266.60 1568.71 ‐2106.06 ‐117.17 ‐730.14
61 210 Combination ‐84.25 ‐76.61 565.39 ‐100.63 53.08 ‐50.96
61 211 Combination ‐193.86 10.49 678.21 ‐278.68 ‐301.49 ‐79.42
61 212 Combination ‐337.69 179.51 1455.88 ‐1928.01 237.40 ‐701.69
61 213 Combination ‐475.87 229.91 827.22 ‐1664.53 ‐399.48 ‐672.37
31 201 Combination ‐195.28 187.01 ‐106.73 ‐579.42 ‐243.08 ‐272.39
31 202 Combination ‐213.29 85.97 475.59 ‐1014.40 ‐291.31 ‐74.45
31 203 Combination ‐116.39 201.53 ‐794.38 ‐84.81 ‐166.32 ‐205.50
31 204 Combination ‐79.10 4.87 652.63 ‐525.55 ‐67.61 ‐90.67
31 205 Combination ‐114.42 28.81 663.85 ‐613.65 ‐112.26 ‐141.53
31 206 Combination ‐81.07 177.59 ‐805.60 3.29 ‐121.67 ‐154.64
31 207 Combination ‐136.54 109.91 9.75 ‐470.69 ‐166.72 ‐203.36
31 208 Combination ‐123.53 73.67 ‐319.82 ‐293.13 ‐196.02 ‐77.40
31 209 Combination ‐10.47 208.49 ‐1801.45 791.39 ‐50.19 ‐230.30
31 210 Combination 33.03 ‐20.94 ‐113.27 277.20 64.97 ‐96.32
31 211 Combination ‐8.18 6.98 ‐100.18 174.41 12.88 ‐155.66
31 212 Combination 30.73 180.57 ‐1814.54 894.18 1.90 ‐170.96
31 213 Combination ‐33.98 101.60 ‐863.29 341.20 ‐50.66 ‐227.79
1 201 Combination 97.79 223.10 1105.00 ‐147.07 ‐564.75 104.49
1 202 Combination 141.13 167.59 1329.29 ‐60.76 ‐800.73 70.66
1 203 Combination 149.28 231.49 1436.78 ‐170.41 ‐543.96 95.36
1 204 Combination ‐46.96 ‐0.62 ‐183.52 31.55 ‐105.43 7.64
1 205 Combination ‐35.00 37.23 ‐44.80 1.80 ‐176.08 28.35
1 206 Combination 137.32 193.64 1298.06 ‐140.66 ‐473.31 74.65
1 207 Combination 89.63 186.63 1025.24 ‐125.32 ‐588.18 21.20
1 208 Combination 197.05 207.58 1870.96 ‐120.28 ‐815.09 84.92
1 209 Combination 206.57 282.13 1996.37 ‐248.21 ‐515.53 113.74
1 210 Combination ‐22.38 11.33 106.02 ‐12.58 ‐3.91 11.41
1 211 Combination ‐8.42 55.49 267.86 ‐47.30 ‐86.34 35.57
1 212 Combination 192.61 237.97 1834.53 ‐213.50 ‐433.11 89.58
1 213 Combination 136.98 229.79 1516.24 ‐195.61 ‐567.12 27.23
90 201 Combination 257.52 ‐512.16 ‐933.74 1749.14 1923.15 360.20

90 202 Combination 3.37 ‐39.63 835.36 ‐80.32 52.53 ‐69.61
90 203 Combination 301.10 ‐257.02 959.52 83.81 2616.87 506.28
90 204 Combination ‐37.86 ‐159.54 ‐1046.01 1094.14 ‐477.34 ‐192.33
90 205 Combination 6.03 ‐305.85 ‐1596.87 1707.80 ‐189.60 ‐114.97
90 206 Combination 257.21 ‐110.71 1510.38 ‐529.85 2329.13 428.92
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TABLE: Joint Reactions
Text Text Text KN KN KN KN‐m KN‐m KN‐m
90 207 Combination 193.15 ‐162.45 719.31 33.72 1580.47 181.72
90 208 Combination 64.52 47.69 2343.69 ‐1171.27 1210.87 151.24
90 209 Combination 411.87 ‐205.93 2488.53 ‐979.79 4202.60 823.10
90 210 Combination 16.42 ‐92.21 148.75 198.93 592.68 8.06
90 211 Combination 67.62 ‐262.90 ‐493.92 914.87 928.38 98.31
90 212 Combination 360.66 ‐35.23 3131.21 ‐1695.73 3866.90 732.85
90 213 Combination 285.93 ‐95.60 2208.29 ‐1038.22 2993.47 444.44
30 201 Combination 53.11 ‐167.64 2457.45 390.22 285.24 ‐20.65
30 202 Combination ‐0.72 ‐17.60 128.03 26.60 ‐21.55 1.39
30 203 Combination 44.66 ‐123.64 2194.79 129.26 375.19 ‐13.04
30 204 Combination ‐6.01 ‐38.02 276.14 205.52 ‐102.09 ‐9.49
30 205 Combination 7.58 ‐77.23 788.48 318.94 ‐50.49 ‐11.80
30 206 Combination 31.07 ‐84.43 1682.46 15.84 323.59 ‐10.73
30 207 Combination 29.42 ‐72.85 1350.42 37.06 270.70 ‐71.07
30 208 Combination ‐14.73 ‐35.30 584.43 ‐69.01 83.96 24.22
30 209 Combination 38.22 ‐159.02 2995.65 50.77 546.82 7.37
30 210 Combination ‐20.90 ‐59.13 757.22 139.73 ‐10.01 11.53
30 211 Combination ‐5.04 ‐104.88 1354.94 272.06 50.19 8.83
30 212 Combination 22.36 ‐113.27 2397.92 ‐81.56 486.62 10.07
30 213 Combination 20.44 ‐99.76 2010.55 ‐56.80 424.91 ‐60.32
60 201 Combination 110.84 ‐124.59 268.63 570.92 1104.70 ‐70.04
60 202 Combination 35.61 ‐16.84 61.08 46.07 175.79 14.24
60 203 Combination 47.55 ‐30.57 ‐1625.25 169.13 856.55 25.82
60 204 Combination 78.84 ‐66.92 1450.87 315.84 336.02 ‐71.86
60 205 Combination 95.82 ‐104.98 1721.84 471.17 521.42 ‐93.22
60 206 Combination 30.57 7.50 ‐1896.22 13.80 671.15 47.18
60 207 Combination 69.15 ‐25.30 ‐909.76 172.16 757.55 ‐27.54
60 208 Combination ‐44.87 38.62 ‐1848.63 ‐264.83 ‐67.29 148.38
60 209 Combination ‐30.94 22.60 ‐3816.02 ‐121.26 726.92 161.89
60 210 Combination 5.56 ‐19.81 ‐227.21 49.91 119.64 47.93
60 211 Combination 25.37 ‐64.22 88.92 231.13 335.94 23.01
60 212 Combination ‐50.75 67.01 ‐4132.15 ‐302.48 510.62 186.81
60 213 Combination ‐5.74 28.75 ‐2981.28 ‐117.71 611.42 99.64
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MEMBER DESIGN
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Design of Stem-A, Pmax :

TABLE: SAP Element Forces
Frame Station OutputCase P V2 V3 T M2 M3
Text m Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
M1 1 0.000 ENVELOPE -1947.45 -28.95 -216.95 -8.72 -391.23 0.42
2 0.000 ENVELOPE -1521.39 -11.38 -30.72 -4.27 -110.50 -469.53
3 0.000 ENVELOPE -727.46 2.29 -100.40 -2.66 -172.02 -883.69
4 0.000 ENVELOPE -51.21 -17.28 -242.64 -5.11 -59.69 -1002.27
5 0.000 ENVELOPE -141.37 -171.11 -83.07 -18.81 -161.06 -938.85
6 0.000 ENVELOPE -90.63 -96.75 -23.42 -31.31 -90.98 -624.71
M2 7 0.000 ENVELOPE -79.87 -50.68 -23.93 -53.97 -100.40 -467.09
8 0.000 ENVELOPE -70.26 -9.10 -24.55 -72.03 -135.51 -394.87
9 0.000 ENVELOPE -62.50 -2.95 -25.22 -87.50 -154.14 -397.64
10 0.000 ENVELOPE -56.39 3.02 -26.04 -124.79 -152.40 -468.37
11 0.000 ENVELOPE -105.25 -62.14 -15.82 -128.79 -160.52 -486.04
12 0.000 ENVELOPE -49.93 -65.49 -7.59 -138.83 -66.58 -234.95
13 0.000 ENVELOPE -40.41 -55.13 -10.82 -114.02 -44.15 -111.56
M3 14 0.000 ENVELOPE -36.70 -44.21 -3.69 -67.14 -46.60 -58.39
15 0.000 ENVELOPE -33.64 -32.82 -12.62 -22.01 -76.11 -29.50
16 4.073 ENVELOPE -32.74 -6.38 -6.51 -34.00 -48.99 -43.33
17 4.320 ENVELOPE -37.07 -0.91 -10.57 -41.74 -17.41 -58.74
18 0.000 ENVELOPE -37.86 -14.12 -10.75 -50.09 -39.04 -86.45
19 6.189 ENVELOPE -63.08 -11.70 -22.03 -49.86 -282.38 -322.34
20 1.945 ENVELOPE -18.41 -10.15 -30.20 -20.15 -161.04 -389.15
M4 21 1.944 ENVELOPE -29.87 3.23 -33.55 -5.20 -111.79 -435.63
22 1.942 ENVELOPE -47.56 13.92 -36.66 -1.72 -68.18 -523.66
23 1.936 ENVELOPE -73.10 17.04 -39.28 -20.75 -38.87 -637.48
24 1.939 ENVELOPE -101.12 7.09 -41.06 -28.97 -37.45 -745.98
25 1.944 ENVELOPE -112.37 -11.79 -41.20 -20.94 -68.51 -842.93
26 1.946 ENVELOPE -692.57 -26.72 -32.51 -24.38 -113.96 -829.30
27 1.946 ENVELOPE -1674.59 -79.54 -0.05 -24.29 -162.03 -682.78
28 1.946 ENVELOPE -2595.13 -83.87 -1.94 -24.15 -190.57 -525.39
M5 29 1.946 ENVELOPE -2995.82 -69.62 12.77 -24.21 -481.44 -419.83
Equivalent moment factor for lateral-torsional buckling, m LT = 0.44 (Table 18, BS 5950-1 2000)
Equivalent uniform moment factor for flexural buckling, m = 0.33 (Table 26, BS 5950-1 2000)
Conservative value, m LT/m = 1.00 (4.3.6.6, BS 5950-1 2000)
Maximum Member Forces:
29 1.946 ENVELOPE -2995.82 -69.62 12.77 -24.21 -481.44 -419.83
Provided Section : CHS660x50
Length of the member, l = 400
Effective length of member, l eff = 1.2 l = 480 cm
Moment of Inertia, Ix = 448670 cm4
Moment of Inertia, Iy = 448670 cm4
Moment of Inertia, Ix = J = 709410 cm4
Section Modulus, Zx = 13596 cm3
Section Modulus, Zy = 13596 cm3
Torsional Constant, C = 2 Z = 27192 cm3
Overall Sectional Area, A = 958 cm2
Overall Dia of the pipe, D = 660 mm
Mean Thickness of the pipe, T = 50 mm 0 50
Web thickness, T w 12 = 50 mm
Radius of gyration, ry = 21.64 cm
Slenderness ratio, λ \ λLT = l eff /r y = 22.18 (4.7.2, BS 5950-1 2000)
Shear area, Av = 0.6 A = 575 cm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Permissible Stresses:
Minimum Yield stress of steel, py = 260 N/mm2 (Table 9, BS 5950-1 2000)
Permissible Stress in Axial Tension (pt):

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
Permissible Stress in Axial Compression (pc):

Elastic critical stress, pE = (π/λ)2 E = 4112 N/mm2
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Enter the strut curve = a (Table 23, BS 5950-1 2000)

The Robertson constant, a = 2.0
λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
The perry factor, η = a (λ - λo)/1000 = 0.0 (C.2, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 2205

pc = pE py .= 258 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
φ + (φ - pE py)
Maximum Permissible Bending Stress in Tension(pbt):
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)
Maximum Permissible Bending Stress in Compression(pbc):

Elastic critical stress, pE = (π/λLT)2 E = 4112 N/mm2
λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
The perry factor, ηLT = a (λLT - λLo)/1000 = 0.0 (B.2.2, BS 5950-1 2000)
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 2186

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
φLT + (φLT - pE py)
Permissible stress in shear (pv):
Average Shear Stress, pv = 0.6 py = 156 N/mm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

Obtained Shear Stress, pvd = Fy = 1.21 N/mm2 ≤ 156 Valid
Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Axial Tension:

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
Check for Axial Compression:
pc,cal Fx / A 31.27
= = = 0.12 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 258
Check for Bending in Tension:
pbtz,cal Mz/ Zz 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
pbty,cal My/ Zy 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
Check for Bending in Compression:
pbcz,cal mLT Mz/ Zz 30.88
= = = 0.12 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
pbcy,cal m My/ Zy 35.41
= == 0.14 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
Combined Axial and Bending in Compression & Lateral-Torsion Buckling: (4.8.3.3.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
pc,cal pbcz,cal pbcy,cal = 0.38 ≤ 1.00 Valid
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
Combined Axial and Bending in Tension: (4.8.2.2, BS 5950-1 2000)
pt,cal pbtz,cal pbty,cal = 0.00 ≤ 1.00 Valid
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Check for Deflection:
Section span = 40 m
Allowable vertical deflection, ∆allow = span / 200 = 20.00 cm
SAP Analysis Output
Joint OutputCase CaseType U1 U2 U3 R1 R2 R3
Text Text Text cm cm cm Radians Radians Radians
16 ENVELOPE2 Combination -7.40 -3.88 -17.47 0.00 -0.01 0.00
20/51
Design of Stem-A, Tmax :

M1 1 0.000 ENVELOPE -1947.45 -28.95 -216.95 -8.72 -391.23 0.42
2 0.000 ENVELOPE -1521.39 -11.38 -30.72 -4.27 -110.50 -469.53
3 0.000 ENVELOPE -727.46 2.29 -100.40 -2.66 -172.02 -883.69
4 0.000 ENVELOPE -51.21 -17.28 -242.64 -5.11 -59.69 -1002.27
5 0.000 ENVELOPE -141.37 -171.11 -83.07 -18.81 -161.06 -938.85
6 0.000 ENVELOPE -90.63 -96.75 -23.42 -31.31 -90.98 -624.71
M2 7 0.000 ENVELOPE -79.87 -50.68 -23.93 -53.97 -100.40 -467.09
8 0.000 ENVELOPE -70.26 -9.10 -24.55 -72.03 -135.51 -394.87
9 0.000 ENVELOPE -62.50 -2.95 -25.22 -87.50 -154.14 -397.64
10 0.000 ENVELOPE -56.39 3.02 -26.04 -124.79 -152.40 -468.37
11 0.000 ENVELOPE -105.25 -62.14 -15.82 -128.79 -160.52 -486.04
12 0.000 ENVELOPE -49.93 -65.49 -7.59 -138.83 -66.58 -234.95
13 0.000 ENVELOPE -40.41 -55.13 -10.82 -114.02 -44.15 -111.56
M3 14 0.000 ENVELOPE -36.70 -44.21 -3.69 -67.14 -46.60 -58.39
15 0.000 ENVELOPE -33.64 -32.82 -12.62 -22.01 -76.11 -29.50
16 4.073 ENVELOPE -32.74 -6.38 -6.51 -34.00 -48.99 -43.33
17 4.320 ENVELOPE -37.07 -0.91 -10.57 -41.74 -17.41 -58.74
18 0.000 ENVELOPE -37.86 -14.12 -10.75 -50.09 -39.04 -86.45
19 6.189 ENVELOPE -63.08 -11.70 -22.03 -49.86 -282.38 -322.34
20 1.945 ENVELOPE -18.41 -10.15 -30.20 -20.15 -161.04 -389.15
M4 21 1.944 ENVELOPE -29.87 3.23 -33.55 -5.20 -111.79 -435.63
22 1.942 ENVELOPE -47.56 13.92 -36.66 -1.72 -68.18 -523.66
23 1.936 ENVELOPE -73.10 17.04 -39.28 -20.75 -38.87 -637.48
24 1.939 ENVELOPE -101.12 7.09 -41.06 -28.97 -37.45 -745.98
25 1.944 ENVELOPE -112.37 -11.79 -41.20 -20.94 -68.51 -842.93
26 1.946 ENVELOPE -692.57 -26.72 -32.51 -24.38 -113.96 -829.30
27 1.946 ENVELOPE -1674.59 -79.54 -0.05 -24.29 -162.03 -682.78
28 1.946 ENVELOPE -2595.13 -83.87 -1.94 -24.15 -190.57 -525.39
M5 29 1.946 ENVELOPE -2995.82 -69.62 12.77 -24.21 -481.44 -419.83
12 0.000 ENVELOPE -49.93 -65.49 -7.59 -138.83 -66.58 -234.95

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

21/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1521

pc = pE py .= 255 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
φ + (φ - pE py)
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 1495

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 0.52
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 255
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.07 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= == 0.02 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
22/51
Design of Stem-A, M2max :

M1 1 0.000 ENVELOPE -1947.45 -28.95 -216.95 -8.72 -391.23 0.42
2 1.740 ENVELOPE -1502.75 -18.72 -31.75 -4.27 -121.30 -889.98
3 0.000 ENVELOPE -727.46 2.29 -100.40 -2.66 -172.02 -883.69
4 1.737 ENVELOPE -36.86 -16.76 -242.64 -5.11 -145.88 -974.93
5 0.000 ENVELOPE -141.37 -171.11 -83.07 -18.81 -161.06 -938.85
6 0.000 ENVELOPE -90.63 -96.75 -23.42 -31.31 -90.98 -624.71
M2 7 1.738 ENVELOPE -69.94 -34.35 -23.93 -53.97 -124.42 -400.51
8 1.739 ENVELOPE -62.20 3.97 -24.55 -72.03 -148.72 -406.09
9 0.000 ENVELOPE -62.50 -2.95 -25.22 -87.50 -154.14 -397.64
10 0.000 ENVELOPE -56.39 3.02 -26.04 -124.79 -152.40 -468.37
11 0.000 ENVELOPE -105.25 -62.14 -15.82 -128.79 -160.52 -486.04
12 0.000 ENVELOPE -49.93 -65.49 -7.59 -138.83 -66.58 -234.95
13 4.340 ENVELOPE -39.34 -13.84 -18.17 -114.02 -60.34 -49.36
M3 14 4.079 ENVELOPE -34.57 -9.97 -11.48 -67.14 -77.17 -31.61
15 0.000 ENVELOPE -33.64 -32.82 -12.62 -22.01 -76.11 -29.50
16 0.000 ENVELOPE -32.51 -22.78 -7.04 -34.00 -54.91 -38.90
17 0.000 ENVELOPE -36.32 -13.78 -13.25 -41.74 -61.00 -35.40
18 4.859 ENVELOPE -37.39 -5.66 -3.89 -50.09 -158.47 -107.79
19 6.189 ENVELOPE -63.08 -11.70 -22.03 -49.86 -282.38 -322.34
20 0.000 ENVELOPE -9.27 -25.89 -30.20 -20.15 -219.79 -404.07
M4 21 0.000 ENVELOPE -18.33 -9.22 -33.55 -5.20 -168.69 -401.06
22 0.000 ENVELOPE -32.50 2.90 -36.66 -1.72 -108.21 -442.92
23 0.000 ENVELOPE -53.54 9.23 -39.28 -20.75 -48.20 -525.89
24 1.939 ENVELOPE -101.12 7.09 -41.06 -28.97 -37.45 -745.98
25 1.944 ENVELOPE -112.37 -11.79 -41.20 -20.94 -68.51 -842.93
26 1.946 ENVELOPE -692.57 -26.72 -32.51 -24.38 -113.96 -829.30
27 1.946 ENVELOPE -1674.59 -79.54 -0.05 -24.29 -162.03 -682.78
28 1.946 ENVELOPE -2595.13 -83.87 -1.94 -24.15 -190.57 -525.39
M5 29 1.946 ENVELOPE -2995.82 -69.62 12.77 -24.21 -481.44 -419.83
29 1.946 ENVELOPE -2995.82 -69.62 12.77 -24.21 -481.44 -419.83

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

23/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 2205

pc = pE py .= 258 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
φ + (φ - pE py)
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 2186

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 31.27
= = = 0.12 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 258
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.12 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= == 0.14 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
24/51
Design of Stem-A, M3max :

M1 1 1.739 ENVELOPE -1930.89 -38.25 -216.95 -8.72 -83.17 -468.05
2 1.740 ENVELOPE -1502.75 -18.72 -31.75 -4.27 -121.30 -889.98
3 1.740 ENVELOPE -708.65 -3.34 -100.39 -2.66 -36.81 -1028.19
4 0.000 ENVELOPE -51.21 -17.28 -242.64 -5.11 -59.69 -1002.27
5 0.000 ENVELOPE -141.37 -171.11 -83.07 -18.81 -161.06 -938.85
6 0.000 ENVELOPE -90.63 -96.75 -23.42 -31.31 -90.98 -624.71
M2 7 0.000 ENVELOPE -79.87 -50.68 -23.93 -53.97 -100.40 -467.09
8 1.739 ENVELOPE -62.20 3.97 -24.55 -72.03 -148.72 -406.09
9 1.740 ENVELOPE -55.97 7.64 -25.22 -87.50 -148.57 -479.31
10 1.740 ENVELOPE -51.02 14.09 -26.04 -124.79 -127.31 -612.32
11 0.000 ENVELOPE -105.25 -62.14 -15.82 -128.79 -160.52 -486.04
12 0.000 ENVELOPE -49.93 -65.49 -7.59 -138.83 -66.58 -234.95
13 0.000 ENVELOPE -40.41 -55.13 -10.82 -114.02 -44.15 -111.56
M3 14 0.000 ENVELOPE -36.70 -44.21 -3.69 -67.14 -46.60 -58.39
15 4.001 ENVELOPE -32.86 -8.91 -12.16 -22.01 -46.54 -44.27
16 2.715 ENVELOPE -32.66 -8.07 -6.64 -34.00 -45.26 -44.17
17 4.320 ENVELOPE -37.07 -0.91 -10.57 -41.74 -17.41 -58.74
18 4.859 ENVELOPE -37.39 -5.66 -3.89 -50.09 -158.47 -107.79
19 6.189 ENVELOPE -63.08 -11.70 -22.03 -49.86 -282.38 -322.34
20 0.000 ENVELOPE -9.27 -25.89 -30.20 -20.15 -219.79 -404.07
M4 21 1.944 ENVELOPE -29.87 3.23 -33.55 -5.20 -111.79 -435.63
22 1.942 ENVELOPE -47.56 13.92 -36.66 -1.72 -68.18 -523.66
23 1.936 ENVELOPE -73.10 17.04 -39.28 -20.75 -38.87 -637.48
24 1.939 ENVELOPE -101.12 7.09 -41.06 -28.97 -37.45 -745.98
25 1.944 ENVELOPE -112.37 -11.79 -41.20 -20.94 -68.51 -842.93
26 0.000 ENVELOPE -671.25 -23.32 -32.51 -24.38 -42.72 -855.42
27 0.000 ENVELOPE -1653.14 -82.37 -0.05 -24.29 -50.68 -840.35
28 0.000 ENVELOPE -2573.73 -86.73 -1.94 -24.15 -106.31 -682.54
M5 29 0.000 ENVELOPE -2975.72 -71.78 12.77 -24.21 -167.86 -523.98
19 6.189 ENVELOPE -63.08 -11.70 -22.03 -49.86 -282.38 -322.34

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

25/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1017

pc = pE py .= 250 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
φ + (φ - pE py)
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 989

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
2 0.5
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 0.66
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 250
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.09 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= == 0.08 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
26/51
Design of Stem-C, Pmax :

M1 30 0.000 ENVELOPE -586.14 -671.50 -36.30 -150.75 -68.16 -878.78
31 0.000 ENVELOPE -608.63 -467.81 -36.59 -134.61 -98.30 -168.19
32 0.000 ENVELOPE -417.01 -253.12 -47.39 -156.82 -157.97 -155.11
33 0.000 ENVELOPE -263.97 -62.88 -213.90 -172.48 -295.66 -348.16
34 0.000 ENVELOPE -148.86 -37.47 -337.03 -145.46 -259.42 -478.53
35 0.000 ENVELOPE -548.57 -40.36 -55.00 -77.30 -173.42 -568.61
M2 36 0.000 ENVELOPE -412.96 -24.95 -76.22 -44.87 -453.54 -771.31
37 0.000 ENVELOPE -432.00 -33.99 -74.89 -99.96 -391.59 -990.67
38 0.000 ENVELOPE -426.47 -40.46 -72.96 -152.30 -309.39 -1068.64
39 0.000 ENVELOPE -415.89 -59.07 -70.61 -171.54 -228.54 -1067.60
40 0.000 ENVELOPE -657.46 -189.02 -127.75 -125.40 -512.75 -1222.76
41 0.000 ENVELOPE -518.09 -185.76 -48.55 -67.05 -142.00 -466.52
42 0.000 ENVELOPE -465.96 -141.75 -30.94 -35.08 -18.30 -199.55
M3 43 0.000 ENVELOPE -424.38 -84.57 -18.32 -27.25 -10.85 -242.26
44 0.000 ENVELOPE -397.20 -26.77 -12.10 -48.74 -51.47 -245.31
45 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.12 -37.16 -17.79 -155.55 -120.21 -233.68
46 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.95 -51.82 1.71 -231.61 -28.69 -193.60
47 4.361 ENVELOPE -390.60 -29.37 -18.44 -241.75 62.85 -715.07
48 4.966 ENVELOPE -545.15 -1.40 20.17 -157.75 -356.79 -1647.40
49 1.868 ENVELOPE -256.73 -88.88 -23.86 -94.05 -177.59 -1239.29
M4 50 1.874 ENVELOPE -256.81 -81.86 -30.67 -74.63 -249.19 -1073.99
51 1.878 ENVELOPE -253.28 -126.93 -34.71 -80.06 -297.94 -829.00
52 1.880 ENVELOPE -258.68 -147.68 -37.09 -107.22 -346.75 -548.00
53 1.880 ENVELOPE -269.07 -159.99 -38.59 -127.16 -416.28 -291.01
54 1.880 ENVELOPE -242.25 -168.61 -201.08 -149.26 -88.92 -122.70
55 1.880 ENVELOPE -666.53 -164.38 -93.48 -168.60 -392.29 -40.65
56 1.880 ENVELOPE -1154.67 -149.87 -26.72 -178.16 -416.98 16.61
57 1.880 ENVELOPE -1555.79 -142.62 -13.69 -182.91 -369.73 -51.36
M5 58 1.880 ENVELOPE -1722.19 -142.10 -85.97 -185.53 -441.23 -143.03
Equivalent moment factor for lateral-torsional buckling, mLT = 0.44 (Table 18, BS 5950-1 2000)
Conservative value, mLT/m = 1.00 (4.3.6.6, BS 5950-1 2000)
58 1.880 ENVELOPE -1722.19 -142.10 -85.97 -185.53 -441.23 -143.03
Web thickness, Tw 12 = 50 mm
2
27/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1017

pc = pE py .= 250 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 989

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φLT + (φLT2 - pE py)0.5

Average Shear Stress
Stress, pv = 0 6 py
0.6 = 156 N/mm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 17.97
= = = 0.07 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 250
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.04 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.12 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
28/51
Design of Stem-C, Tmax :

M1 30 0.000 ENVELOPE -586.14 -671.50 -36.30 -150.75 -68.16 -878.78
31 0.000 ENVELOPE -608.63 -467.81 -36.59 -134.61 -98.30 -168.19
32 0.000 ENVELOPE -417.01 -253.12 -47.39 -156.82 -157.97 -155.11
33 0.000 ENVELOPE -263.97 -62.88 -213.90 -172.48 -295.66 -348.16
34 0.000 ENVELOPE -148.86 -37.47 -337.03 -145.46 -259.42 -478.53
35 0.000 ENVELOPE -548.57 -40.36 -55.00 -77.30 -173.42 -568.61
M2 36 0.000 ENVELOPE -412.96 -24.95 -76.22 -44.87 -453.54 -771.31
37 0.000 ENVELOPE -432.00 -33.99 -74.89 -99.96 -391.59 -990.67
38 0.000 ENVELOPE -426.47 -40.46 -72.96 -152.30 -309.39 -1068.64
39 0.000 ENVELOPE -415.89 -59.07 -70.61 -171.54 -228.54 -1067.60
40 0.000 ENVELOPE -657.46 -189.02 -127.75 -125.40 -512.75 -1222.76
41 0.000 ENVELOPE -518.09 -185.76 -48.55 -67.05 -142.00 -466.52
42 0.000 ENVELOPE -465.96 -141.75 -30.94 -35.08 -18.30 -199.55
M3 43 0.000 ENVELOPE -424.38 -84.57 -18.32 -27.25 -10.85 -242.26
44 0.000 ENVELOPE -397.20 -26.77 -12.10 -48.74 -51.47 -245.31
45 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.12 -37.16 -17.79 -155.55 -120.21 -233.68
46 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.95 -51.82 1.71 -231.61 -28.69 -193.60
47 0.000 ENVELOPE -386.45 -62.49 -14.38 -241.75 -2.39 -112.80
48 0.000 ENVELOPE -516.41 -42.06 22.62 -157.75 127.15 -585.31
49 0.000 ENVELOPE -243.52 -105.77 -23.86 -94.05 -114.76 -1257.13
M4 50 0.000 ENVELOPE -239.49 -92.12 -30.67 -74.63 -191.43 -1235.45
51 0.000 ENVELOPE -234.52 -131.86 -34.71 -80.06 -243.12 -1072.07
52 0.000 ENVELOPE -239.51 -150.75 -37.09 -107.22 -289.47 -828.46
53 0.000 ENVELOPE -249.76 -161.95 -38.59 -127.16 -337.45 -548.15
54 0.000 ENVELOPE -222.88 -169.86 -201.08 -149.26 -281.05 -289.93
55 0.000 ENVELOPE -651.58 -165.10 -93.49 -168.60 -85.40 -123.47
56 0.000 ENVELOPE -1139.75 -150.25 -26.72 -178.16 -332.98 -39.65
57 0.000 ENVELOPE -1540.75 -142.82 -13.69 -182.91 -358.30 17.26
M5 58 0.000 ENVELOPE -1705.55 -142.16 -85.97 -185.53 -349.33 -51.05
47 0.000 ENVELOPE -386.45 -62.49 -14.38 -241.75 -2.39 -112.80

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
29/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1521

pc = pE py .= 255 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 1495

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 4.03
= = = 0.02 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 255
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.03 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
47 ENVELOPE2 Combination -9.25 -5.30 -7.27 0.00 0.00 0.00
30/51
Design of Stem-C, M2max :

M1 30 1.310 ENVELOPE -575.84 -675.74 -36.30 -150.75 -71.80 -169.48
31 1.311 ENVELOPE -597.77 -470.58 -36.59 -134.61 -168.65 -147.19
32 1.311 ENVELOPE -406.75 -254.37 -47.41 -156.82 -288.33 -334.59
33 0.000 ENVELOPE -263.97 -62.88 -213.90 -172.48 -295.66 -348.16
34 0.000 ENVELOPE -148.86 -37.47 -337.03 -145.46 -259.42 -478.53
35 1.309 ENVELOPE -536.62 -41.35 -55.01 -77.30 -381.51 -756.09
M2 36 0.000 ENVELOPE -412.96 -24.95 -76.22 -44.87 -453.54 -771.31
37 0.000 ENVELOPE -432.00 -33.99 -74.89 -99.96 -391.59 -990.67
38 0.000 ENVELOPE -426.47 -40.46 -72.96 -152.30 -309.39 -1068.64
39 1.311 ENVELOPE -407.91 -49.70 -70.61 -171.54 -320.12 -1019.66
40 0.000 ENVELOPE -657.46 -189.02 -127.75 -125.40 -512.75 -1222.76
41 0.000 ENVELOPE -518.09 -185.76 -48.55 -67.05 -142.00 -466.52
42 0.000 ENVELOPE -465.96 -141.75 -30.94 -35.08 -18.30 -199.55
M3 43 4.179 ENVELOPE -404.48 -6.97 -20.04 -27.25 -42.45 -271.18
44 4.084 ENVELOPE -382.09 4.05 -18.43 -48.74 -91.49 -217.76
45 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.12 -37.16 -17.79 -155.55 -120.21 -233.68
46 4.157 ENVELOPE -375.42 -23.77 -6.49 -231.61 -47.85 -86.14
47 0.000 ENVELOPE -386.45 -62.49 -14.38 -241.75 -2.39 -112.80
48 4.966 ENVELOPE -545.15 -1.40 20.17 -157.75 -356.79 -1647.40
49 1.868 ENVELOPE -256.73 -88.88 -23.86 -94.05 -177.59 -1239.29
M4 50 1.874 ENVELOPE -256.81 -81.86 -30.67 -74.63 -249.19 -1073.99
51 1.878 ENVELOPE -253.28 -126.93 -34.71 -80.06 -297.94 -829.00
52 1.880 ENVELOPE -258.68 -147.68 -37.09 -107.22 -346.75 -548.00
53 1.880 ENVELOPE -269.07 -159.99 -38.59 -127.16 -416.28 -291.01
54 0.000 ENVELOPE -222.88 -169.86 -201.08 -149.26 -281.05 -289.93
55 1.880 ENVELOPE -666.53 -164.38 -93.48 -168.60 -392.29 -40.65
56 1.880 ENVELOPE -1154.67 -149.87 -26.72 -178.16 -416.98 16.61
57 1.880 ENVELOPE -1555.79 -142.62 -13.69 -182.91 -369.73 -51.36
M5 58 0.940 ENVELOPE -1713.87 -142.13 -85.97 -185.53 -395.28 -97.02
40 0.000 ENVELOPE -657.46 -189.02 -127.75 -125.40 -512.75 -1222.76

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
31/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1329

pc = pE py .= 253 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 1301

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 6.86
= = = 0.03 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 253
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.35 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.15 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
47 ENVELOPE2 Combination -9.25 -5.30 -7.27 0.00 0.00 0.00
32/51
Design of Stem-C, M3max :

M1 30 0.000 ENVELOPE -586.14 -671.50 -36.30 -150.75 -68.16 -878.78
31 0.000 ENVELOPE -608.63 -467.81 -36.59 -134.61 -98.30 -168.19
32 1.311 ENVELOPE -406.75 -254.37 -47.41 -156.82 -288.33 -334.59
33 1.311 ENVELOPE -253.37 -62.88 -214.86 -172.48 -275.20 -473.46
34 1.310 ENVELOPE -140.05 -40.70 -337.03 -145.46 -156.96 -564.37
35 1.309 ENVELOPE -536.62 -41.35 -55.01 -77.30 -381.51 -756.09
M2 36 1.307 ENVELOPE -400.48 -22.77 -76.22 -44.87 -401.28 -988.44
37 1.308 ENVELOPE -421.40 -29.33 -74.89 -99.96 -331.43 -1065.18
38 0.000 ENVELOPE -426.47 -40.46 -72.96 -152.30 -309.39 -1068.64
39 0.000 ENVELOPE -415.89 -59.07 -70.61 -171.54 -228.54 -1067.60
40 0.000 ENVELOPE -657.46 -189.02 -127.75 -125.40 -512.75 -1222.76
41 0.000 ENVELOPE -518.09 -185.76 -48.55 -67.05 -142.00 -466.52
42 4.362 ENVELOPE -441.18 -62.17 -27.36 -35.08 -11.48 -266.34
M3 43 4.179 ENVELOPE -404.48 -6.97 -20.04 -27.25 -42.45 -271.18
44 0.000 ENVELOPE -397.20 -26.77 -12.10 -48.74 -51.47 -245.31
45 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.12 -37.16 -17.79 -155.55 -120.21 -233.68
46 0.000 ENVELOPE -380.95 -51.82 1.71 -231.61 -28.69 -193.60
47 4.361 ENVELOPE -390.60 -29.37 -18.44 -241.75 62.85 -715.07
48 4.966 ENVELOPE -545.15 -1.40 20.17 -157.75 -356.79 -1647.40
49 0.000 ENVELOPE -243.52 -105.77 -23.86 -94.05 -114.76 -1257.13
M4 50 0.000 ENVELOPE -239.49 -92.12 -30.67 -74.63 -191.43 -1235.45
51 0.000 ENVELOPE -234.52 -131.86 -34.71 -80.06 -243.12 -1072.07
52 0.000 ENVELOPE -239.51 -150.75 -37.09 -107.22 -289.47 -828.46
53 0.000 ENVELOPE -249.76 -161.95 -38.59 -127.16 -337.45 -548.15
54 0.000 ENVELOPE -222.88 -169.86 -201.08 -149.26 -281.05 -289.93
55 0.000 ENVELOPE -651.58 -165.10 -93.49 -168.60 -85.40 -123.47
56 0.000 ENVELOPE -1139.75 -150.25 -26.72 -178.16 -332.98 -39.65
57 1.880 ENVELOPE -1555.79 -142.62 -13.69 -182.91 -369.73 -51.36
M5 58 1.880 ENVELOPE -1722.19 -142.10 -85.97 -185.53 -441.23 -143.03
48 4.966 ENVELOPE -545.15 -1.40 20.17 -157.75 -356.79 -1647.40
2
33/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1329

pc = pE py .= 253 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 1301

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Stress, pv = 0 6 py
0.6 = 156 N/mm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 5.69
= = = 0.02 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 253
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.47 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.10 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
34/51
Design of Stem-B, Pmax :

M1 59 0.000 ENVELOPE -1185.60 60.49 -195.53 -424.98 -1429.29 -16.58
60 0.000 ENVELOPE -1246.91 43.05 -195.15 -394.79 -1442.12 -547.56
61 0.000 ENVELOPE -1415.66 -36.06 -114.19 -360.99 -1503.74 -1439.70
62 0.000 ENVELOPE -1811.24 63.25 -46.93 -303.36 -1809.19 -2228.07
63 0.000 ENVELOPE -1981.70 8.76 -54.09 -228.02 -2104.43 -3128.43
64 0.000 ENVELOPE -1967.51 -31.42 -190.86 -131.25 -2201.98 -4307.15
M2 65 0.000 ENVELOPE -1489.64 -25.58 -283.08 -250.00 -2434.12 -5398.26
66 0.000 ENVELOPE -1493.54 -71.30 -277.08 -518.43 -2220.12 -5627.25
67 0.000 ENVELOPE -1434.86 -355.18 -269.26 -833.08 -1904.03 -5580.46
68 0.000 ENVELOPE -1338.31 -589.11 -259.48 -1175.10 -1545.51 -5214.34
69 0.000 ENVELOPE -913.72 -533.20 -100.64 -1486.42 -1150.50 -4469.10
70 0.000 ENVELOPE -653.49 -466.65 -130.26 -1479.93 -521.09 -1792.92
71 0.000 ENVELOPE -544.03 -344.79 -107.45 -1222.60 -268.61 -778.08
M3 72 0.000 ENVELOPE -496.36 -208.94 -80.70 -817.74 -356.50 -286.53
73 0.000 ENVELOPE -480.66 -132.63 -54.20 -174.89 -307.88 -246.56
74 0.000 ENVELOPE -481.18 -113.79 -90.05 -545.67 -346.96 -384.38
75 4.259 ENVELOPE -533.63 -11.43 -54.17 -369.28 -145.40 -344.17
76 4.197 ENVELOPE -570.83 4.22 -41.89 -548.26 -52.82 -1202.60
77 4.922 ENVELOPE -835.12 3.90 -30.93 -730.50 -571.85 -3534.82
78 1.326 ENVELOPE -1172.42 -3.78 -3.74 -344.28 -1365.23 -4373.34
M4 79 1.324 ENVELOPE -1252.50 -90.05 -2.03 -201.54 -1982.13 -4847.02
80 1.327 ENVELOPE -1240.36 -275.12 -0.43 -197.32 -2406.08 -4940.99
81 1.329 ENVELOPE -1205.07 -451.96 1.44 -436.09 -2783.67 -4831.69
82 1.330 ENVELOPE -2100.28 -768.77 -163.65 -613.65 -2355.65 -3467.05
83 1.330 ENVELOPE -2636.73 -463.72 -40.09 -701.64 -2369.00 -2597.52
84 1.330 ENVELOPE -2983.49 -316.73 -22.08 -753.12 -2586.30 -2215.12
85 1.330 ENVELOPE -3062.29 -301.04 -10.46 -771.00 -2782.46 -2270.23
86 1.330 ENVELOPE -3104.77 -450.40 -1.13 -790.26 -3288.24 -2447.81
M5 87 1.330 ENVELOPE -3131.06 -444.89 -1.44 -811.41 -3882.01 -2513.06
87 1.330 ENVELOPE -3131.06 -444.89 -1.44 -811.41 -3882.01 -2513.06
2
35/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 7402

pc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 7402

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Stress, pv = 0 6 py
0.6 = 156 N/mm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 17.33
= = = 0.07 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.19 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.30 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
36/51
Design of Stem-B, Tmax :

M1 59 0.000 ENVELOPE -1185.60 60.49 -195.53 -424.98 -1429.29 -16.58
60 0.000 ENVELOPE -1246.91 43.05 -195.15 -394.79 -1442.12 -547.56
61 0.000 ENVELOPE -1415.66 -36.06 -114.19 -360.99 -1503.74 -1439.70
62 0.000 ENVELOPE -1811.24 63.25 -46.93 -303.36 -1809.19 -2228.07
63 0.000 ENVELOPE -1981.70 8.76 -54.09 -228.02 -2104.43 -3128.43
64 0.000 ENVELOPE -1967.51 -31.42 -190.86 -131.25 -2201.98 -4307.15
M2 65 0.000 ENVELOPE -1489.64 -25.58 -283.08 -250.00 -2434.12 -5398.26
66 0.000 ENVELOPE -1493.54 -71.30 -277.08 -518.43 -2220.12 -5627.25
67 0.000 ENVELOPE -1434.86 -355.18 -269.26 -833.08 -1904.03 -5580.46
68 0.000 ENVELOPE -1338.31 -589.11 -259.48 -1175.10 -1545.51 -5214.34
69 0.000 ENVELOPE -913.72 -533.20 -100.64 -1486.42 -1150.50 -4469.10
70 0.000 ENVELOPE -653.49 -466.65 -130.26 -1479.93 -521.09 -1792.92
71 0.000 ENVELOPE -544.03 -344.79 -107.45 -1222.60 -268.61 -778.08
M3 72 0.000 ENVELOPE -496.36 -208.94 -80.70 -817.74 -356.50 -286.53
73 0.000 ENVELOPE -480.66 -132.63 -54.20 -174.89 -307.88 -246.56
74 0.000 ENVELOPE -481.18 -113.79 -90.05 -545.67 -346.96 -384.38
75 4.259 ENVELOPE -533.63 -11.43 -54.17 -369.28 -145.40 -344.17
76 4.197 ENVELOPE -570.83 4.22 -41.89 -548.26 -52.82 -1202.60
77 4.922 ENVELOPE -835.12 3.90 -30.93 -730.50 -571.85 -3534.82
78 1.326 ENVELOPE -1172.42 -3.78 -3.74 -344.28 -1365.23 -4373.34
M4 79 1.324 ENVELOPE -1252.50 -90.05 -2.03 -201.54 -1982.13 -4847.02
80 1.327 ENVELOPE -1240.36 -275.12 -0.43 -197.32 -2406.08 -4940.99
81 1.329 ENVELOPE -1205.07 -451.96 1.44 -436.09 -2783.67 -4831.69
82 1.330 ENVELOPE -2100.28 -768.77 -163.65 -613.65 -2355.65 -3467.05
83 1.330 ENVELOPE -2636.73 -463.72 -40.09 -701.64 -2369.00 -2597.52
84 1.330 ENVELOPE -2983.49 -316.73 -22.08 -753.12 -2586.30 -2215.12
85 1.330 ENVELOPE -3062.29 -301.04 -10.46 -771.00 -2782.46 -2270.23
86 1.330 ENVELOPE -3104.77 -450.40 -1.13 -790.26 -3288.24 -2447.81
M5 87 1.330 ENVELOPE -3131.06 -444.89 -1.44 -811.41 -3882.01 -2513.06
69 0.000 ENVELOPE -913.7 -533.2 -100.6 -1486.4 -1150.5 -4469.1
2
37/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 4956

pc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 4956

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Stress, pv = 0 6 py
0.6 = 156 N/mm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 5.06
= = = 0.02 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.34 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.09 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
38/51
Design of Stem-B, M2max :

M1 59 0.000 ENVELOPE -1185.60 60.49 -195.53 -424.98 -1429.29 -16.58
60 0.000 ENVELOPE -1246.91 43.05 -195.15 -394.79 -1442.12 -547.56
61 0.000 ENVELOPE -1415.66 -36.06 -114.19 -360.99 -1503.74 -1439.70
62 0.000 ENVELOPE -1811.24 63.25 -46.93 -303.36 -1809.19 -2228.07
63 0.000 ENVELOPE -1981.70 8.76 -54.09 -228.02 -2104.43 -3128.43
64 0.000 ENVELOPE -1967.51 -31.42 -190.86 -131.25 -2201.98 -4307.15
M2 65 0.000 ENVELOPE -1489.64 -25.58 -283.08 -250.00 -2434.12 -5398.26
66 0.000 ENVELOPE -1493.54 -71.30 -277.08 -518.43 -2220.12 -5627.25
67 0.000 ENVELOPE -1434.86 -355.18 -269.26 -833.08 -1904.03 -5580.46
68 0.000 ENVELOPE -1338.31 -589.11 -259.48 -1175.10 -1545.51 -5214.34
69 0.000 ENVELOPE -913.72 -533.20 -100.64 -1486.42 -1150.50 -4469.10
70 0.000 ENVELOPE -653.49 -466.65 -130.26 -1479.93 -521.09 -1792.92
71 0.000 ENVELOPE -544.03 -344.79 -107.45 -1222.60 -268.61 -778.08
M3 72 0.000 ENVELOPE -496.36 -208.94 -80.70 -817.74 -356.50 -286.53
73 0.000 ENVELOPE -480.66 -132.63 -54.20 -174.89 -307.88 -246.56
74 0.000 ENVELOPE -481.18 -113.79 -90.05 -545.67 -346.96 -384.38
75 4.259 ENVELOPE -533.63 -11.43 -54.17 -369.28 -145.40 -344.17
76 4.197 ENVELOPE -570.83 4.22 -41.89 -548.26 -52.82 -1202.60
77 4.922 ENVELOPE -835.12 3.90 -30.93 -730.50 -571.85 -3534.82
78 1.326 ENVELOPE -1172.42 -3.78 -3.74 -344.28 -1365.23 -4373.34
M4 79 1.324 ENVELOPE -1252.50 -90.05 -2.03 -201.54 -1982.13 -4847.02
80 1.327 ENVELOPE -1240.36 -275.12 -0.43 -197.32 -2406.08 -4940.99
81 1.329 ENVELOPE -1205.07 -451.96 1.44 -436.09 -2783.67 -4831.69
82 1.330 ENVELOPE -2100.28 -768.77 -163.65 -613.65 -2355.65 -3467.05
83 1.330 ENVELOPE -2636.73 -463.72 -40.09 -701.64 -2369.00 -2597.52
84 1.330 ENVELOPE -2983.49 -316.73 -22.08 -753.12 -2586.30 -2215.12
85 1.330 ENVELOPE -3062.29 -301.04 -10.46 -771.00 -2782.46 -2270.23
86 1.330 ENVELOPE -3104.77 -450.40 -1.13 -790.26 -3288.24 -2447.81
M5 87 1.330 ENVELOPE -3131.06 -444.89 -1.44 -811.41 -3882.01 -2513.06
87 1.330 ENVELOPE -3131.06 -444.89 -1.44 -811.41 -3882.01 -2513.06

pt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
39/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 4956

pc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 4956

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 17.33
= = = 0.07 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.19 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.30 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
40/51
Design of Stem-B, M3max :

M1 59 0.991 ENVELOPE -1168.27 49.75 -195.53 -424.98 -1340.46 -549.09
60 0.991 ENVELOPE -1229.02 33.40 -195.15 -394.79 -1386.02 -1426.94
61 0.991 ENVELOPE -1396.16 -44.41 -114.19 -360.99 -1635.66 -2168.39
62 0.990 ENVELOPE -1791.51 56.24 -46.93 -303.36 -1921.49 -3004.38
63 0.990 ENVELOPE -1961.79 2.88 -54.09 -228.02 -2182.16 -3945.31
64 0.989 ENVELOPE -1947.65 -33.93 -191.00 -131.25 -2212.08 -5193.42
M2 65 0.989 ENVELOPE -1471.23 -24.24 -283.08 -250.00 -2204.08 -5644.18
66 0.000 ENVELOPE -1493.54 -71.30 -277.08 -518.43 -2220.12 -5627.25
67 0.000 ENVELOPE -1434.86 -355.18 -269.26 -833.08 -1904.03 -5580.46
68 0.000 ENVELOPE -1338.31 -589.11 -259.48 -1175.10 -1545.51 -5214.34
69 0.000 ENVELOPE -913.72 -533.20 -100.64 -1486.42 -1150.50 -4469.10
70 0.000 ENVELOPE -653.49 -466.65 -130.26 -1479.93 -521.09 -1792.92
71 0.000 ENVELOPE -544.03 -344.79 -107.45 -1222.60 -268.61 -778.08
M3 72 4.032 ENVELOPE -487.06 -119.95 -80.70 -817.74 -355.51 -296.03
73 4.146 ENVELOPE -474.97 -52.13 -54.20 -174.89 -377.65 -379.81
74 0.000 ENVELOPE -481.18 -113.79 -90.05 -545.67 -346.96 -384.38
75 0.000 ENVELOPE -531.42 -94.31 -54.17 -369.28 -277.54 -507.64
76 4.197 ENVELOPE -570.83 4.22 -41.89 -548.26 -52.82 -1202.60
77 4.922 ENVELOPE -835.12 3.90 -30.93 -730.50 -571.85 -3534.82
78 1.326 ENVELOPE -1172.42 -3.78 -3.74 -344.28 -1365.23 -4373.34
M4 79 1.324 ENVELOPE -1252.50 -90.05 -2.03 -201.54 -1982.13 -4847.02
80 1.327 ENVELOPE -1240.36 -275.12 -0.43 -197.32 -2406.08 -4940.99
81 0.000 ENVELOPE -1179.62 -456.61 1.44 -436.09 -2264.63 -5000.61
82 0.000 ENVELOPE -2072.94 -775.03 -163.14 -613.65 -2530.96 -4493.39
83 0.000 ENVELOPE -2608.96 -468.69 -40.09 -701.64 -2378.41 -3217.45
84 0.000 ENVELOPE -2955.54 -317.30 -22.06 -753.12 -2402.37 -2448.49
85 0.000 ENVELOPE -3034.46 -301.45 -10.46 -771.00 -2457.15 -2290.01
86 1.330 ENVELOPE -3104.77 -450.40 -1.13 -790.26 -3288.24 -2447.81
M5 87 1.330 ENVELOPE -3131.06 -444.89 -1.44 -811.41 -3882.01 -2513.06
65 0.989 ENVELOPE -1471.23 -24.24 -283.08 -250.00 -2204.08 -5644.18
2
41/51

λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 7402

pc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (C.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φ + (φ2 - pE py)0.5
pbt = py = 260 N/mm2 (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

λLo = 0.4 (π2E/py)0.5 = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 7402

pbc = pE py .= 260 N/mm2 (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

Stress, pv = 0 6 py
0.6 = 156 N/mm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal Fx / A 0.00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 8.14
= = = 0.03 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.44 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 260
= = = 0.17 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 260
+ +
pc pbcz pbcy
+ +
pt pbtz pbty
Section span = 40 m
SAP Analysis Output
42/51
Design of Bracing Member

M1 271 0.000 209 -400.69 -16.88 4.85 9.48 -2.64 -115.38
259 0.243 210 -28.87 -6.83 -4.69 15.98 -0.89 -51.66
150 0.509 209 -135.14 18.43 -1.25 4.95 -12.65 -23.50
M2 90 0.751 209 -201.26 34.44 -8.32 -3.99 -11.97 -58.18
150 1.018 209 -135.31 19.10 -1.25 4.95 -12.02 -33.05
139 1.250 202 -42.64 -6.37 -1.34 10.65 -42.40 -68.55
M3 238 1.522 201 -260.78 -2.51 3.96 -9.91 -15.74 -76.66
293 1.754 208 -32.92 99.11 23.00 -39.49 17.00 -32.99
299 2.196 212 -81.54 72.21 6.98 -11.29 26.19 -26.09
M4 165 2.510 212 -94.62 -5.36 0.41 -4.29 -3.44 4.14
205 2.708 212 -81.46 -2.06 12.38 6.24 19.11 -0.69
155 2.821 201 -230.88 22.88 -4.28 18.08 -34.35 -37.43
M5 175 2.958 201 -280.49 22.44 -3.17 10.45 -26.11 -38.31
Beam Section L/C Axial Force Shear-Y Shear-Z Torsion Moment-Y Moment-Z
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
271 0.000 209 -400.69 -16.88 4.85 9.48 -2.64 -115.38
4
Moment of Inertia, Ix = 39280 cm
4
Moment of Inertia, Iy = 39280 cm
3
Section Modulus, Zx = 1546 cm
3
Section Modulus, Zy = 1546 cm
3
Torsional Constant, C = 2 Z = 3093 cm
2
Shear area, Av = 0.6 A = 75 cm (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
2
Minimum Yield stress of steel, py = 260 N/mm (Table 9, BS 5950-1 2000)

2
pt = py = 260 N/mm (4.6.1, BS 5950-1 2000)

2
Elastic critical stress, pE = (π/λ) E = 416 N/mm2
λo = 0.2 (π2E/py)0.5 = 17.6
43/51
2 0.5
φ + (φ - pE py)
2
pbt = py = 260 N/mm (4.3.6.5, BS 5950-1 2000)

Elastic critical stress, pE =
2
(π/λLT) E = 416 N/mm2
2 0.5
λLo = 0.4 (π E/py) = 35.3
φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 388

2
pbc = pE py .= 182 N/mm (B.2.1, BS 5950-1 2000)
φLT + (φLT2 0.5

- pE py)
2
Average Shear Stress, pv = 0.6 py = 156 N/mm (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)
Check for Shear:

2
Obtained Shear Stress, pvd = Fy = 2.24 N/mm ≤ 156 Valid
Av = Low Shear (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

pt,cal
t cal Fx / A 0.00
0 00
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pt pt 260
pc,cal Fx / A 31.89
= = = 0.15 ≤ 1.00
pc pc 214
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbtz pbtz 260
= = = 0.00 ≤ 1.00
pbty pbty 260
= = = 0.41 ≤ 1.00
pbcz pbcz 182
= = = 0.01 ≤ 1.00
pbcy pbcy 182
pc,cal + pbcz,cal pbcy,cal = 0.57 ≤ 1.00 Valid
+
pc pbcz pbcy
pt,cal + pbtz,cal pbty,cal = 0.00 ≤ 1.00 Valid
+
pt pbtz pbty
44/51
BASE PLATES DESIGN

45/51
DESIGN OF COMBINED BASE PLATE & FOUNDATION BOLTS for COLUMNS at JOINT B:
Factored Support Forces:
Support Reaction (Ultimate Load Combinations) Eccentricity
Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3 x y
Text Text Text kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m mm mm
90 205 Combination 6.03 -305.85 -1596.87 1707.80 -189.60 -114.97 -105 498
30 202 Combination -0.72 -17.60 128.03 26.60 -21.55 1.39 -365 -337
60 212 Combination -50.75 67.01 -4132.15 -302.48 510.62 186.81 470 -161
F1 & F2 : Horizontal, F3 : Vertical Mx My Mz
F3 y+M1 F3 x+M2 M3
kNm kNm kNm
912.56 -21.93 -114.97
-16.55 -68.28 1.39
362.80 -1431.48 186.81
-45.44 -256.44 -5600.99 1258.81 -1521.70 73.23
Structural Section Selected: CHS660x50 D 660 T 50
Provided Base Plate welded to Column N 2000 B 2000
Base Plate Dimensions:

Design Calculations:
2
Design strength of base plate, f y = 275 N/mm
2
Grade of Concrete, f c = 40 N/mm
2
Providing a grout below the base plate upto 25 mm of minimum grade, f c ' = 40 N/mm
2
Allowable Concrete Bearing Pressure, f p = 0.85 Φc f c' √A2/A1 ≤ 1.7 Φc fc' = 41 N/mm (A2/A1 = 4)
Plate eccentricity, ep = 272 mm < N/6 = 333 Small ecc.
Edge(end) distance of the bolt, eb = 50 mm
N' = N - e = 1950 mm
Distance between the anchor bolt and column center, A' = 975 mm
2
f' = f p BN'/2 = 79560000 N/mm
2
The bearing distance, A = (f' ‐ √(f' -4(fpB/6)(PA'+M))/(fpB/3) = 89 mm < N' Valid
The critical section distance, dcs = = 175 mm
2
Stress at critical section, fcs = fp dcs/A = 0.00 N/mm
Moment at the critical section, Mplu = (fcs dcs2+0.67 (fp-fcs) dcs2)/2 = 419 kNmm/mm
The required plate thickness, tp,req = √(4Mplu/(0.9fy)) = 82 mm
Provided plate thickness, tp = 90 mm
Foundation Bolt Properties:

4.6 5.6 8.8 10.9 Grade of Bolt = 8.8
Minimum Yield Stress of Bolts, f y = 640 N/mm
2
2
Allowable Stress in Tension, f t = 560 N/mm
2
Allowable Stress in Shear, f s = 375 N/mm
2
Allowable Stress in Bearing, f bs = 1000 N/mm
Eccentricity Check for Tension & Shear in Bolts along base plate l :
Length of the connection plate/cleat angle, N = 2000 mm
Diameter of the bolt used, d = 25.4 mm
Pitch of the bolts, p > 3 d = 86 mm
Gross area of the bolt, Ag = 405 mm
2
No. of bolt lines, n = 23

The anchor bolt force, T = f p A B / 2 - P = 2073 kN
Tensile force resisted by the top bolt, Ft = T / 23 = 90 kN
Actual Tensile stress in bolt, f t,cal. = P / Ag = 222.35 N/mm .
2
Actual Shear stress in bolt, f s,cal. = = 13.75

2
N/mm .
ft,cal. fs,cal. = 222.35 + 13.75
+
0.80 ft. 0.80 fs. 448 300
= 0.54 < 1.20 Valid
Foundation Bolt Length:

The total required hook length to develop half T, Lh = T/(2*0.7*fc'*d) = 1457 mm
Minimum embedded length , 12d = 305 mm per bolt
Provide Bolts Dia 25.4 mm - 88 No's of Length = 321 mm in Concrete
Weld Connection between Column & Base Plate:

Total weld length, L w = = 2073 mm
4
I x of weld = 448670 cm
4
I y of weld = 448670 cm
4
I Z of weld = √(Ix2 + Iy2 + Ix Iy Cos θ Sin θ) = 709410 cm
y x of weld = 330 mm
y y of weld = 330 mm
y z of weld = √(yx2 + yy2 + yx yy Cos θ Sin θ) = 522 mm
Force per Unit Length of weld
Horizontal = F1 / 0.5L w + F2 / 0.5L w . = 291 N/mm
Vertical = M x y x / I z + M y y y / I y + M z y z / I z + F3 / L w . = 2911 N/mm
Resultant = 2926 N/mm
Using minimum size of weld = T w = 50 mm
2
Permissible Weld Stress = 275 N/mm
Strength of the weld/unit length = 0.8 x 50 x 275 = 11000 N/mm > 2926 Valid
Use full penetration butt weld between Column and Base Plate.
46/51
DESIGN OF BASE PLATE & FOUNDATION BOLTS for COLUMN at JOINT A:

Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
61 202 Combination -444.80 339.26 -790.16 -930.87 -1551.07 148.80
F1 & F2 : Horizontal, F3 : Vertical
Structural Section Selected CHS1200x50 D 1200 T 50

Design strength of base plate, f y = 275 N/mm 2
Grade of Concrete, f c = 40 N/mm 2
Providing a grout below the base plate upto 25 mm of minimum grade, f c ' = 40 N/mm 2
Allowable Concrete Bearing Pressure, f p = 0.85 Φc f c' √A2/A1 ≤ 1.7 Φc fc' = 41 N/mm 2 (A2/A1 = 4)
Plate eccentricity, ep = 1963 mm > N/6 = 233 Large ecc.
Edge(End) distance of the bolt, eb = 50 mm
N' = N - e = 1350 mm
f' = f p BN'/2 = 38556000 N/mm 2
The bearing distance, A = (f' ‐ √(f'2-4(fpB/6)(PA'+M))/(fpB/3) = 55 mm < N' Valid
The critical section distance, dcs = (N - 0.95 D)/2 = 130 mm
Stress at critical section, fcs = fp dcs/A = 96.78 N/mm 2
2 2
Moment at the critical section, Mplu = (fcs dcs +0.67 (fp-fcs) dcs )/2 = 501 kNmm/mm

4.6 5.6 8.8 10.9 Grade of Bolt = 8.8
Minimum Yield Stress of Bolts,, f y = 640 N/mm 2
Allowable Stress in Tension, f t = 560 N/mm 2
Allowable Stress in Shear, f s = 375 N/mm 2
Allowable Stress in Bearing, f bs = 1000 N/mm 2
Gross area of the bolt, Ag = 405 mm
2

The anchor bolt force, T = fp A B / 2 - P = 775 kN
Tensile force resisted by the top bolt, Ft = T / 17 = 46 kN
Actual Tensile stress in bolt, ft,cal. = P / Ag = 112.47 N/mm 2 .
Actual Shear stress in bolt, fs,cal. = = 32.27 N/mm 2 .
ft,cal. fs,cal. = 112.47 + 32.27
+
0.80 ft. 0.80 fs. 448 300
= 0.36 < 1.20 Valid


I x of weld = 2991876 cm 4 .
I y of weld = 2991876 cm 4 .
2 2
I Z of weld = √(Ix + Iy + Ix Iy Cos θ Sin θ) = 4730572 cm4
2 2
y z of weld = √(yx + yy + yx yy Cos θ Sin θ) = 949 mm
Permissible Weld Stress = 275 N/mm 2
0.8 x 50 x 275d/unit length = 0.8 x 50 x 275 = 11000 N/mm > 492 Valid
47/51
DESIGN OF BASE PLATE & FOUNDATION BOLTS for COLUMN at JOINT A:

Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
Max 31 212 Combination 30.73 180.57 -1814.54 894.18 1.90 -170.96
Min 1 204 Combination -46.96 -0.62 -183.52 31.55 -105.43 7.64
F1 & F2 : Horizontal, F3 : Vertical
Structural Section Selected CHS660x50 D 660 T 50

Design strength of base plate, f y = 275 N/mm 2
Grade of Concrete, f c = 40 N/mm 2
Providing a grout below the base plate upto 25 mm of minimum grade, f c ' = 40 N/mm 2
Allowable Concrete Bearing Pressure, f p = 0.85 Φc f c' √A2/A1 ≤ 1.7 Φc fc' = 41 N/mm 2 (A2/A1 = 4)
Plate eccentricity, ep = 493 mm > Large ecc.
Edge(End) distance of the bolt, eb = 50 mm
N' = N - e = 850 mm
f' = f p BN'/2 = 15606000 N/mm 2
The bearing distance, A = (f' ‐ √(f'2-4(fpB/6)(PA'+M))/(fpB/3) = 51 mm < N' Valid
The critical section distance, dcs = (N - 0.95 D)/2 = 137 mm
Stress at critical section, fcs = fp dcs/A = 110.20 N/mm 2
2 2
Moment at the critical section, Mplu = (fcs dcs +0.67 (fp-fcs) dcs )/2 = 593 kNmm/mm

4.6 5.6 8.8 10.9 Grade of Bolt = 8.8
Minimum Yield Stress of Bolts, f y = 640 N/mm
2
2
Allowable Stress in Tension, f t = 560 N/mm
2
Allowable Stress in Shear, f s = 375 N/mm
Allowable Stress in Bearing, f bs = 1000 N/mm 2
Gross area of the bolt, Ag = 405 mm 2
The anchor bolt force, T = fp A B / 2 - P = 887 kN
Tensile force resisted by the top bolt, Ft = T/9 = 99 kN
Actual Tensile stress in bolt, ft,cal. = P / Ag = 243.03 N/mm 2 .
Actual Shear stress in bolt, fs,cal. = = 24.75 N/mm 2 .
ft,cal. fs,cal. = 243.03 + 24.75
+
0.80 ft. 0.80 fs. 448 300
= 0.62 < 1.20 Valid


I x of weld = 448670 cm 4 .
4
I y of weld = 448670 cm .
I Z of weld = √(Ix
2
+ Iy
2
+ Ix Iy Cos θ Sin θ) = 709410 cm4
2 2
y z of weld = √(yx + yy + yx yy Cos θ Sin θ) = 522 mm
Permissible Weld Stress = 275 N/mm 2
0.8 x 50 x 275d/unit length = 0.8 x 50 x 275 = 11000 N/mm > 352 Valid
48/51
STRUCTURAL SKETCHES

Design of Leaf Canopy Using SAP2000

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Design of Leaf Canopy Using SAP2000

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This document is the property of Larsen & Toubro Limited, ECC Division - GES and must not be passed

21-Oct-07 D0 FIRST SUBMISSION MJP MDS SDG

PROJECT : SIDRA MEDICAL & RESEARCH CENTER

SUPPLIER / CONTRACTOR: LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

TOTAL NO. OF PAGES TITLE :

RELEASED FOR PRELIMINARY TENDER INFORMATION

S. No. CONTENTS Page

6 BASE PLATES DESIGN 45

shall be conducted with specified strength of 420 N/mm2)

4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

106 DL + IL + WLR90B + WLW90A 206 1.2DL + 1.2IL + 1.2WLR90B + 1.2WLW90A

5 Vertical deflection of beams = Span / 200 (Table 8, BS 5950-1:2000)

ii. Imposed Load

iii. Wind Load on Roof

Site Location Country Country (Table 4, BS 6399-2 2002)

Combination of Cpe & Cpi

Maximum wind load on roof @ 00 -2.80 kN/m2 WLR0

iv. Wind Load on vertical wall face

Combination of Cpe & Cpi

Windward Face 0.71 1.40 0.14 1.63 0.38 1.55

SAP2000 v10.1.3 - File:Main Entrance Canopy - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units

SAP2000 v10.1.3 - File:Main Entrance Canopy - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units

SAP2000 v10.1.3 - File:Main Entrance Canopy - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units

SAP2000 v10.1.3 - File:Main Entrance Canopy - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units

90 201 Combination 257.52 ‐512.16 ‐933.74 1749.14 1923.15 360.20

Design of Stem-A, Pmax :

Shear area, Av = 0.6 A = 575 cm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

Permissible Stress in Axial Tension (pt):

Permissible Stress in Axial Compression (pc):

Enter the strut curve = a (Table 23, BS 5950-1 2000)

φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 2205

Maximum Permissible Bending Stress in Compression(pbc):

φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 2186

Check for Shear:

Check for Axial Tension:

Design of Stem-A, Tmax :

Shear area, Av = 0.6 A = 575 cm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

Permissible Stress in Axial Tension (pt):

Permissible Stress in Axial Compression (pc):

Enter the strut curve = a (Table 23, BS 5950-1 2000)

φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1521

Maximum Permissible Bending Stress in Compression(pbc):

φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 1495

Check for Shear:

Check for Axial Tension:

Design of Stem-A, M2max :

Shear area, Av = 0.6 A = 575 cm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

Permissible Stress in Axial Tension (pt):

Permissible Stress in Axial Compression (pc):

Enter the strut curve = a (Table 23, BS 5950-1 2000)

φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 2205

Maximum Permissible Bending Stress in Compression(pbc):

φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 2186

Check for Shear:

Check for Axial Tension:

Design of Stem-A, M3max :

Shear area, Av = 0.6 A = 575 cm2 (4.2.3, BS 5950-1 2000)

Permissible Stress in Axial Tension (pt):

Permissible Stress in Axial Compression (pc):

Enter the strut curve = a (Table 23, BS 5950-1 2000)

φ = (py + (η + 1) pE)/2 = 1017

Maximum Permissible Bending Stress in Compression(pbc):

φLT = (py + (ηLT + 1) pE)/2 = 989