11

Pre󰈻󰈩󰈞t C󰈢󰈝󰉄in󰉉󰈢u󰈻

Used when an action is happening at the

moment.
Pre󰈻󰈩󰈞t C󰈢󰈝󰉄in󰉉󰈢u󰈻 - ac󰉃󰈎󰈢󰈞s i󰈝 󰈦r󰈡󰈇󰈹󰇵s󰈻
✔ Subject + to be + verb (-ing)
EXAMPLES:
✔ I am reading a book now.
✔ Sam isn’t watching TV right now.
✔ Are your parents working out?

2
 Are 󰉃󰈋󰈩 g󰈏󰈸󰈘s
p󰈗a󰉙󰈎n󰈇 t󰈊e 󰈦󰈎󰇽no?

- No, t󰈊󰈩󰉙 󰇽re

da󰈝󰇸󰈎n󰈇.

3
Are 󰉃󰈋󰈩 c󰈊󰈏󰈘d󰈸e󰈞
s󰈗e󰈩󰈦󰈏n󰈇?

- No, t󰈊󰈩󰉙 󰇽re

p󰈗a󰉙󰈎n󰈇 󰈼󰈢c󰇹e󰈹.

4
 Is 󰉃󰈋e w󰈡󰈚󰇽󰈞
re󰈀󰇷󰈏󰈞g a b󰈡󰈢󰈔?

- No, s󰈊󰈩 󰈏󰈼
co󰈡󰈔󰈏󰈞g.

5
Am 󰈾 wo󰈸󰈕󰈎n󰈇 no󰉒?

- No, I 󰈀m
e󰈀t󰈏󰈝󰈈.

6
Top󰈎󰇹󰈼 F󰈢r 󰉑o󰈝󰉐󰈩r󰈻󰇽󰉄i󰈡n
1. Rachel is studying 1. Rachel is eating 1. Is Maria listening to
for the test. potato chips. Rachel?

2. Rachel is talking to 2. Is Rachel eating 2. What is Maria doing?

Maria about the pizza right now?
test.

7
10. Ger󰉉󰈝󰇶 󰇽n󰇷
Infi󰈝i󰉄󰈎v󰇵󰈻
GERUND = verb + ing
INFINITIVE = to + verb
8
Rul󰈩󰈻 󰉓h󰇵󰈝 u󰈼󰈎n󰈇 G󰇵󰈹un󰇷:

● IF THE ACTION ENDS WITH AN ● IF THE ACTION ENDS WITH A

“E”, REMOVE THE “E” AND ADD CONSONANT + VOWEL +
“ING”: CONSONANT, DOUBLE THE LAST
CONSONANT AND ADD “ING”:

- EX: dance = dancing

- EX: run = running
- EX: swim = swimming
9
Rul󰈩󰈻 󰉓h󰇵󰈝 u󰈼󰈎n󰈇 G󰇵󰈹un󰇷:

● USE THE “ING” AFTER 1 - I’m not good at keeping secrets.

PREPOSITIONS: 2 - I’m interested in learning a new
1 - AT language.
2 - IN 3 - They’re excited about traveling
abroad.
3 - ABOUT
4 - Before going to bed, read a
4 - BEFORE
book.
10
Ger󰉉󰈝󰇶s 󰇹󰇽󰈞 be 󰉉󰈻󰇵󰇶 a󰈃󰈩r 󰇹󰇵󰈹ta󰈎󰈝 󰉐󰇵r󰇼󰈼:

- Enjoy: I enjoy walking on the - Finish: We’ve finished preparing

beach.
- Mind: I don’t mind helping you.
- Discuss: We discussed going
on holiday today.
- Dislike: I dislike waiting for
buses.
for the meeting.
- Avoid: She avoided talking to her
friends.
- Quit: You must quit smoking.

11
Rul󰈩󰈻 󰉓h󰇵󰈝 u󰈼󰈎n󰈇 G󰇵󰈹un󰇷 + I󰈞fini󰉃󰈎󰉐󰇵:

● SOME VERBS CAN TAKE AN

INFINITIVE OR AN “ING”
FORM:
- I love to read magazines.
- I love reading magazines.
- Like - I hate to study.
- Love
- I hate studying.
- Hate
- Start
12
Ver󰇼󰈼 w󰈊e󰈞 󰉉s󰈏󰈝󰈈 t󰈊e 󰈎󰈞fin󰈏󰉃i󰉐󰈩

● Some verbs are usua y 1 - I agreed to spend time with my

fo owed by the infinitive: mother this weekend.
1 - AGREE 2 - We hope to get there on time.
2 - HOPE 3 - We need to buy a new car.
3 - NEED + to 4 - He promised to ca me again.

4 - PROMISE 5 - I want to bake a cake for my

friend.
5 - WANT 13
20. Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 Pr󰇵󰈻e󰈞t
x P󰈸e󰈼󰈩n󰉃
Con󰉃󰈎󰈞󰉊o󰉉s
14
Wha󰉃’󰈼 t󰈊e 󰇶󰈎ff󰇵re󰈝󰇸󰈩?
- SIMPLE PRESENT: used to talk about fixed habits and routines
(things that don’t change)

X
- PRESENT CONTINUOUS: used to talk about actions which are
happening at the present moment, but wi soon finish

15
 “
(SIMPLE PRESENT)
1. I play tennis.
2. I exercise every day.

(PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
1. I am playing tennis.
2. I am exercising right now.

16
Com󰈥󰈀󰈹󰇵!
SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT CONTINUOUS

— What do you do? — What are you doing?

— I am a teacher/mechanic/nurse.
(This is a question about your job
or occupation)
— I am washing my
clothes/cleaning the
window/cooking dinner.
17
 “
Usamos ADVERBS Como usar:
OF FREQUENCY Subject +
no Simple Present frequency word +
verb

18
 “
Usamos TIME
EXPRESSIONS no
Present
Continuous

19
14: Ob󰈑e󰇸t P󰈸󰈡󰈞󰈢un󰈻, P󰈡󰈼s󰇵󰈻󰈼iv󰈩
Ad󰈑e󰇸t󰈎󰉏󰇵󰈼 an󰇷 G󰈩󰈞󰈏ti󰉏󰈩 C󰇽󰈼e
21
Pos󰈻󰈩󰈼s󰈏󰉏e A󰇶j󰈩󰇹󰉄󰈏ve󰈻
Examples:
- My
1. I am Lucas. My name is Lucas.
- Your 2. You are Mary. Your Name is
- His Mary.
3. He is Marco. His name is Marco.
- Her
4. She is Joanna. Her name is
- Its Joanna.
5. It is Rex. Its name is Rex.
22
Pos󰈻󰈩󰈼s󰈏󰉏e A󰇶j󰈩󰇹󰉄󰈏ve󰈻

- Our Examples:
- Your 1. We are students. This is
- Their our classroom.
2. They are doctors. This is
their clinic.

23
Gen󰈎󰉃󰈏󰉐e P󰈡s󰈻󰇵󰈼si󰈡󰈝 — ‘󰈼
1. Robert’s car is imported.
2. The boys’ toys are on the oor.
3. The women’s room is over
there.
4. Lucy and Mark’s house is very
big.
5. Jones’s bike is old.
1. Substantivo Singular + (‘s)
2. Subs Plural + (‘)
3. Subs Plural Irregular + (‘s)
4. Para 2 pessoas (use o
apostrophe no nome da última)
5. Subs terminando em s + (‘s)
24
25
 Past of Be

17. Ver󰇼 󰈜󰈡 󰉔󰇵 in 󰉃󰈋󰈩 Pas󰉃

Use to refer to a situation that started and
finished at a definite time in the past.
Ver󰇼 󰈜󰈡 󰉔󰇵 (Pas󰉃) - Affir󰈚a󰉄󰈎v󰇵

I HE WAS WE WERE
WAS SHE WAS YOU WERE
IT WAS THEY WERE

singular singular plural

27
 “
EXAMPLES

1. I was with my parents

last night.

2. John was at soccer

practice yesterday.

3. We were at a party last

night.

28
Ver󰇼 󰈜󰈡 󰉔󰇵 (Pas󰉃) - Neg󰈀󰉃󰈏󰉐e

I HE WAS NOT (WASN’T) WE WERE NOT

WAS NOT (WASN’T) SHE WAS NOT (WEREN'T)
(WASN’T) YOU WERE NOT
IT WAS NOT (WASN’T) (WEREN’T)
THEY WERE NOT
(WEREN’T)
29
 “
EXAMPLES

1. I wasn’t at my mother’s
house.

2. Lauren wasn’t with her

boyfriend last night.

3. They weren’t at a
dinner party last night.

30
Ver󰇼 󰈜󰈡 󰉔󰇵 (Pas󰉃) - In󰉃e󰈹r󰈡󰈇󰇽󰉄iv󰈩

WAS HE? WERE WE?

WAS I? WAS SHE? WERE YOU?
WAS IT? WERE THEY?

31
 “
EXAMPLES

1. Was I with you

yesterday?

2. Was Lana late for the

meeting yesterday?

3. Were you in love with

someone last year?

32
Tim󰈩 E󰉕󰈦r󰇵󰈻󰈼i󰈡n󰈻 󰈢󰇿 Pas󰉃
✔ Yesterday
✔ Last week
✔ Last weekend
✔ Last month
✔ Last year
✔ Last night
✔ Last Wednesday, etc
33
W󰉀- 󰈧u󰈩s󰉃󰈏o󰈞s

1. When were you in London? 1. I was there last year.

2. Where were you born? 2. I was born in Toronto.
3. Why was she tired last 3. She was tired because she
night? worked too much.
4. Whose DVD was that? 4. It was Nathan’s.

34
13. Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 P󰇽s󰉃
(Reg󰉉󰈗󰇽󰈹 Ver󰇼󰈼)
Actions or situations in the past

35
S󰈪 - 󰈣eg󰉉󰈗󰇽󰈹 Ver󰇼󰈼 - Affir󰈚a󰉄󰈎v󰇵
SUBJECT VERB IN THE PAST COMPLEMENT
I
You
He
to Europe last month.
She traveled
It
We
You
They 36
S󰈪 - 󰈣eg󰉉󰈗󰇽󰈹 Ver󰇼󰈼 - Neg󰈀󰉃󰈏󰉐e
SUBJECT VERB IN THE PAST COMPLEMENT
I
You
He Didn’t (did not)
to Europe last month.
She travel
It
We
You
They 37
S󰈪 - 󰈣eg󰉉󰈗󰇽󰈹 Ver󰇼󰈼 - In󰉃e󰈹r󰈡󰈇󰇽󰉄iv󰈩
AUXILIAR VERB IN THE PAST COMPLEMENT

Did I/you/he/she/it/we/
you/they to Europe last month?

travel

38
39
Exa󰈚󰈦l󰈩󰈻 󰈢󰇿 Reg󰉉󰈗󰇽󰈹 Ver󰇼󰈼:
✔ Arrive: arrived EXAMPLES
✔ Watch: watched
✔ Vicky passed her
✔ Study: studied
exam last year.
✔ Carry: carried
✔ It happened a long
✔ Dance: danced
time ago.
✔ Plan: planned
✔ Start: started
40
Tim󰈩 E󰉕󰈦r󰇵󰈻󰈼i󰈡n󰈻 󰈢󰇿 Pas󰉃
✔ One/a week ago
✔ Two weeks ago
✔ Three months ago
✔ Four months ago
✔ Five years ago
✔ Eight years ago

41
Top󰈎󰇹󰈼 F󰈢r 󰉑o󰈝󰉐󰈩r󰈻󰇽󰉄i󰈡n
1. Did you see your 1. Did you visit the 1. Did you text your
friends last Ei el Tower? friend?
weekend?
2. Did you listen to 2. Did you cook with
2. Did it rain last music yesterday? your mom this
night? week?

42
 18. Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 P󰇽s󰉃
(Ir󰈸e󰈈󰉉l󰇽󰈸 Ve󰈹b󰈻)
Actions or situations in the past

43
Lis󰉃 󰈡󰇿 Ir󰈸󰇵󰈈ul󰈀󰈸 V󰇵󰈹b󰈻
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST
To be Was/Were
To bring Brought
To begin Began
To buy Bought
To come Came
To do Did
To drive Drove
To eat Ate 44
Lis󰉃 󰈡󰇿 Ir󰈸󰇵󰈈ul󰈀󰈸 V󰇵󰈹b󰈻
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST
To feed Fed
To fight Fought
To y Flew
To forget Forgot
To get Got
To give Gave
To go Went
To have Had 45
Lis󰉃 󰈡󰇿 Ir󰈸󰇵󰈈ul󰈀󰈸 V󰇵󰈹b󰈻
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST
To know Knew
To leave Left
To make Made
To pay Paid
To put Put
To say Said
To see Saw
To sleep Slept 46
Lis󰉃 󰈡󰇿 Ir󰈸󰇵󰈈ul󰈀󰈸 V󰇵󰈹b󰈻
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST
To speak Spoke
To spend Spent
To take Took
To teach Taught
To te Told
To think Thought
To wake Woke
To write Wrote 47
Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 P󰇽s󰉃 - Exa󰈚󰈦l󰈩󰈻

CONVERSATION

Sarah: Did you go to bed Samira: No, I didn’t. I Sarah: What time did you
early last night? didn’t go to bed early go to bed?
last night.

Samira: I went to bed at

midnight.
48
19. Pre󰈥󰈡󰈼󰈏ti󰈡󰈝󰈼 󰈢f P󰈗a󰇸󰈩
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰇽󰈹e t󰈊󰈩󰉙?

In the car

50
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰇽󰈹e t󰈊󰈩󰉙?

On the plane

51
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰇽󰈹e t󰈊󰈩󰉙?

On the train

52
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰇽󰈹e t󰈊󰈩󰉙?

On the bus

53
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰇽󰈹e t󰈊󰈩󰉙?

On the ship

54
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰈏󰈼 s󰈊e?

On the bicycle

55
Whe󰈸󰈩 󰈏󰈼 t󰈊e ga󰈸󰇶󰈩n?

Around the house

56
57
Wha󰉃 󰈀󰈹󰇵 t󰈊e󰉙 do󰈎󰈝󰈈?

They are getting

on(to) the
plane/bus/ship/train.

58
Wha󰉃 󰈀󰈹󰇵 t󰈊e󰉙 do󰈎󰈝󰈈?

They are getting o

the
plane/bus/ship/train.

59
Wha󰉃 󰈎󰈼 s󰈊󰇵 do󰈎󰈝󰈈?

She is getting in(to)

the car.

60
Wha󰉃 󰈎󰈼 h󰇵 do󰈎󰈝󰈈?

He is getting out of
the car.

61
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

62
New 󰈐󰈡󰇹󰇽󰇻ul󰈀󰈸󰉙
Airport Edition
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t P󰇵󰈸󰈼on󰈝󰈩󰈘

Ticket/Airline Agent

64
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t P󰇵󰈸󰈼on󰈝󰈩󰈘

Customs O icer

65
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t P󰇵󰈸󰈼on󰈝󰈩󰈘

Pilot

66
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t P󰇵󰈸󰈼on󰈝󰈩󰈘

Flight Attendant

67
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t F󰇽󰇹i󰈘󰈎t󰈏e󰈻

Check-in Counter

68
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t F󰇽󰇹i󰈘󰈎t󰈏e󰈻

Customs

69
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t F󰇽󰇹i󰈘󰈎t󰈏e󰈻

Security Check (pass

your things)

70
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t F󰇽󰇹i󰈘󰈎t󰈏e󰈻

Baggage claim area

71
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t F󰇽󰇹i󰈘󰈎t󰈏e󰈻

Waiting lounge

72
Air󰈥󰈡󰈹t F󰇽󰇹i󰈘󰈎t󰈏e󰈻

Duty-free shop

73
12. Fut󰉉󰈸󰇵: Go󰈎n󰈇 󰈜󰈢
The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to
talk about things that haven’t happened yet.
 (AFFIRMATIVE

How 󰉃󰈡 󰇿󰈢r󰈚 󰉄he 󰈻󰈎󰈛p󰈗󰇵 󰇿ut󰉉󰈸󰇵: SENTENCES)

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + GOING TO + MAIN VERB

- I am going to learn a new language.

- Laura is going to read a book.
- My brothers are going to sleep during the whole afternoon.
- You are going to see what I mean.

75
 (NEGATIVE

How 󰉃󰈡 󰇿󰈢r󰈚 󰉄he 󰈻󰈎󰈛p󰈗󰇵 󰇿ut󰉉󰈸󰇵: SENTENCES)

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + NOT + GOING TO + MAIN VERB

- Jen is not going to quit before she reaches her goal.

- The bus is not going to wait for you.
- He is not going to say anything bad about his boss.
- I am not going to finish my homework in time for class.

76
 (INTERROGATIVE

How 󰉃󰈡 󰇿󰈢r󰈚 󰉄he 󰈻󰈎󰈛p󰈗󰇵 󰇿ut󰉉󰈸󰇵: SENTENCES)

VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + GOING TO + MAIN VERB(?)

- Is Jen going to finish that book by the end of summer?

- Am I going to have the discipline to study English every day?
- What are you going to buy this month?

77
The “GO󰈾󰈰󰉁 T󰈭” Con󰈻󰉄r󰉉󰇹󰉄󰈏on:

78
15. Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 F󰉊tu󰈸󰈩: W󰈏󰈘l
The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to
talk about things that haven’t happened yet.
S󰉑E󰈯󰉝R󰈽O: Rac󰈊󰈩󰈘 󰈏s 󰈻󰉄ud󰉘󰈎󰈞g. T󰈊e 󰈦h󰈡󰈝󰇵 󰈹in󰈇󰈼.

Rachel: He o! Rachel: That’s right. And what about

Cli : Hi, babe!
Rachel: Is that you, Cli ?
Cli : Yep. What’s up, Rache?
Rachel: We , I’m studying very hard
for the finals.
Cli : Don’t panic!
the hotel in Whistler?
Cli : Don’t worry! We wi find a
nice cabin there.
Rachel: What about the plane
tickets?
Cli : Oh, my God! I’ get them
tomorrow. 80
Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 F󰉊tu󰈸󰈩 - W󰈏l󰈗 - Affir󰈚a󰉄󰈎v󰇵
SUBJECT WILL AND VERB COMPLEMENT
I
You
He wi help
the people.
She
It
We
You
They 81
Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 F󰉊tu󰈸󰈩 - W󰈏l󰈗 - Neg󰈀󰉃󰈏󰉐e
SUBJECT WILL + NOT AND VERB COMPLEMENT
I
You
He Wi not help
the people.
She (Won’t) help
It
We
You
They 82
Sim󰈥󰈘󰈩 F󰉊tu󰈸󰈩 - W󰈏l󰈗 - In󰉃e󰈹r󰈡󰈇󰇽󰉄iv󰈩
“AUXILIAR” WILL VERB IN THE PAST

Wi I/you/he/she/it/we/
you/they
help?

83
Exa󰈚󰈦l󰈩󰈻 󰉓󰈏t󰈊 “Wi󰈘l”
- (+) Cli wi (he’ ) get the
tickets tomorrow.
- (-) Rachel wi not (won’t) find a
nice hotel in Whistler.
- (?) Wi she study hard for the
finals?

84
Voc󰈀󰇼󰉊󰈘ar󰉘 󰉓󰈎t󰈊 “W󰈏󰈘l”
- They wi find a nice cabin in - Cli wi get the tickets
Whistler. tomorrow.
- They’ find a nice hotel by the - Cli wi pay for the tickets
sea. tomorrow.
- They wi find a hostel - Cli wi book the tickets
downtown. tomorrow
- Cli wi buy the tickets
tomorrow.
85
16. Wo󰉉l󰇷, W󰈢u󰈘d 󰈴󰈎󰈔󰇵, 󰈉o󰉉l󰇷 R󰇽󰉄he󰈸
S󰉑E󰈯󰉝R󰈽O: Mar󰈎󰇽 󰈇o󰈩󰈼 t󰈢 󰉃󰈋e fi󰉅󰈎n󰈇 󰈹󰈢om 󰈀󰈝󰇶 p󰉊󰉃󰈼
on 󰉃󰈋󰈩 p󰈏󰈝󰈕 d󰈸e󰈼s.

87
S󰉑E󰈯󰉝R󰈽O: Mar󰈎󰇽 󰈇o󰈩󰈼 t󰈢 󰉃󰈋e fi󰉅󰈎n󰈇 󰈹󰈢om 󰈀󰈝󰇶 p󰉊󰉃󰈼
on 󰉃󰈋󰈩 c󰈢a󰉃.

Saleswoman: Look at yourself! It Maria: Ok, you convinced me. I’

looks perfect on you!
Maria: But this one must be very
expensive.
Saleswoman: Not at a . It’s a ripo
- only $125.00.
take it.
Saleswoman: How would you like to
pay? Cash or credit?
Maria: I would rather pay with my
credit card.

88
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 1

- The dress looks

tight.

89
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 1

- The pants look

loose.

90
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 1

- The skirt looks

old-fashioned.

91
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 1

- The shorts look

fashionable.

92
Wo󰉉l󰇷
- Usado para falar de situações
improváveis ou irreais e
possibilidades.
Examples:
- Would you go to Mexico?
- Would you travel abroad?
- Would you wear this dress?
93
Wo󰉉l󰇷
- Usado para falar de situações
improváveis ou irreais e
possibilidades.
Examples:
- Would you go to Mexico?
R: Yes, I would.
- Would you wear this dress?
R: No, I would not (wouldn’t).
94
Wo󰉉l󰇷 󰈘󰈏ke
- Usado para demonstrar
gentileza ou fazer uma oferta
educada = desire, invitations
and o ers.
Examples:
- What would you like to do
tonight?
- Would you like to go out?
- Would you like some tea?
95
Wo󰉉l󰇷 󰈘󰈏ke
- Usado para demonstrar
gentileza ou fazer uma oferta
educada = desire, invitations
and o ers.
Examples:
- What would you like to do
tonight?
R: I’d like to watch a movie.
- Would you like some tea?
R: Yes, I would.
96
Wo󰉉l󰇷 󰈹󰇽t󰈊e󰈹
- Usado para demonstrar
preferência entre duas opções.
- Would rather = would prefer to
Examples:
- Where would you rather go:
Russia or Sweden?
- Would you rather have pizza or
a sandwich for lunch?
97
Wo󰉉l󰇷 󰈹󰇽t󰈊e󰈹
- Usado para demonstrar
preferência entre duas opções.
- Would rather = would prefer to
Examples:
- Can we go to the park?
R: I would rather go to the
beach.
- Would you rather stay home or
go out for dinner tonight?
R: I’m tired. I’d rather not go
out this evening. 98
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 2

- Maria would rather

pay with credit
card.

99
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 2

- Maria would rather

pay with cash.

100
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 2

- Maria would rather pay

in insta ments.

101
Sub󰈻󰉄󰈎t󰉊󰉃i󰈡󰈞 Dr󰈏󰈗󰈘 2

- Maria would rather

pay by check.

102