RESPIRATION

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 RESPIRATION
The process of oxidation of food in body cells to release
energy is called respiration.

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 Stages of respiration
external respiration
It takes place between lungs and atmosphere .
it is a mechanical process .
energy is released in this process .

Internal respiration
it takes place inside the cells within mitochondria.
it is a chemical process .
energy is synthesized in this process .

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 It takes place inside the cells of body.

It is an exothermic reaction

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 Site of Respiration –

→The process of respiration takes place in mitochondria.

→Mitochondria is also called power house of the cell or

furnace of the cell

→Energy released during respiration is stored in the form

of ATP

→ATP is also called energy currency of the cell

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 Types of respiration
Respiration is of two types )
1. Aerobic respiration
2. Respiration that happens in the presence of oxygen is
called aerobic respiration .
3. for example human body cells
Anaerobic respiration
This type of respiration happens in the absence of oxygen
example yeast,some anaerobic bacteria such as
methanogens .
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 Mechanism of Respiration –

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 HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM –

The main organs of human respiratory system are Lungs .

Gases are exchanged inside alveoli in lungs.

1Nose
2.Pharynx
3. Nasal cavity
4. Trachea
5. Bronchus
6. Lungs
7. Diaphragm

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 →Lungs are covered by a membrane called pleura

→Lungs are present in thoracic cavity or pleural cavity

→Gaseous exchange takes place through alveoli

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 Transport of oxygen
Oxygen is transported by the blood in the form if
oxyhemoglobin(HbO2).

Transport of carbon dioxide )

Carbon di oxide is transported by the blood in the form of
bicarbonate.(HCO3)

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 CO-poisoning

CO binds to hemoglobin over 200 times more

easily than oxygen.

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 Breathing rate
Adult – 16 -18/min

Infant – 25- 40 / min

Note – Breathing Centre is located in medulla oblongata.

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 Respiratory Quotient (RQ):
Respiratory quotient is the ratio of the volume of carbon
dioxide produced to the volume of oxygen consumed in
respiration over a period of time.
RQ = Volume of CO2 evolved/Volume of O2 absorbed
RQ = 1, CARBOHYDRATES
RQ < 1 FOR PROTEIN AND FAT
RQ > 1 = FOR ORGANIC ACIDS
RQ = INFINITY FOR ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

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 Respiratory organs
Body surface- Sponges
Gills – Prawn +Fish + Tadpole
Skin – Earth worm + Frog
Trachea – Insects (Cockroach)
Lungs – Amphibians+ Reptiles+ Birds+
Mammals
Book lungs – Spider +Scorpion

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 Gaseous Exchange in plants ( पौध ों में गैस ों का
विविमय )
In plants gaseous exchange takes place through
stomata and lenticles.

Guard cells are present in stomata.

Guard cells control opening and closing of

stomata.

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 Transpiration ( िाष्प त्सर्जि )

Transpiration is the loss of water from a

plant in the form of water vapour.

Rate of transpiration is measured by

potometer.

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 Questions
Which enzyme in saliva helps in digestion of starch into
maltose?
Where is Digestion completed in digestive system?
which part of the alementary canal is the longest tube?
What is the pH of saliva?
What are the fingerlike projections present in the last part of
small intestine which increase the surface area for absorption?
Which gland is the largest gland of the human body?
Which gland releases bile juice?
What is the movement of food pipe called?
Name the enzyme which helps digestion of food specially
proteins in small intestine in basic medium?
Vitamin K is synthesized in which part of the alementary canal?

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 VIDEO SPACE
PLEASE DON’T USE THIS AREA

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 VIDEO SPACE
PLEASE DON’T USE THIS AREA

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