TEMPLATES FOR EXPERIMENTAL REPORT

Experimental report of unit 2

Date: ..................................................................................................................................
Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................
Experiments are conducted three times, if the results of two times are similar, the third time is not
necessary.

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Experiment 1
Temperature oC First time Second time Third time
t1
t2
t3
m0 c 0

m0c0 ave= cal/K

(Detail calculation of one value of m0c0)

Experiment 2
Temperature oC First time Second time Third time
t1
t2
t3
Q
Qave
ΔH (cal/mol)

t1 +t2
If t1≠t2 then Δt is calculated as the difference between t0 and
2

(Detail calculation of one value of Q)

Experiment 3
Temperature oC First time Second time Third time
t1
t2

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 Q (cal)
ΔH (cal/mol)
ΔHave (cal/mol)

(Detail calculation of one value of Q and ΔH)

Experiment 4
Temperature oC First time Second time Third time
t1
t2
Q (cal)
ΔH (cal/mol)
ΔHave (cal/mol)

(Detail calculation of one value of Q and ΔH)

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II. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1) ΔH of the reaction HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O is calculated based on the molar of HCl or
NaOH when 25 mL of HCl 2M solution reacts with 25 mL of NaOH 1M solution? Explain your
answer.

2) If HCl 1M is replaced by HNO3 1M, the result of experiment 2 will change or not?

3) Calculate ΔH3 based on Hess’s law. Compare the calculated value to the experimental results.
Considering six factors that might cause the error
- Heat loss due to the calorimeter
- Thermometer
- Volumetric glassware
- Balance
- Copper (II) sulfate absorbs water
- Assume specific heat of copper (II) sulfate is 1 cal/mol.K
In your opinion, which one is the most significant? Explain your answer? Are there any
other factors?

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Experimental report of unit 3
Date: ..................................................................................................................................
Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Density
Density of water: ToC =
Std.
m1 (g) m0 (g) m1 - m0 (g) ρ (g/ml) ρ (g/mL)
deviation

Density of sand: ToC =

m0 : (g)
m1ave: (g) m2(m1ave−m0):
m2ave: (g) 50(m1ave+m2−m3): ρsand= (g/mL)
m3ave: (g)

Bulk density of sand: ToC =

m (g) ρbulk (g/mL) ρave (g/mL) Δρ (g/mL) Std. deviation

2) Equivalent weight of aluminum

From equation: = 𝑅𝑇 , obtained 𝑚 = 𝑃𝑉

No. mAl (g) 𝑉 𝑚 EAl EAl

1
2
3

II. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

m2  m1  m0 
1) Prove the formula  sand 
50  m1  m2  m3 

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2) Formula P = Patm – Psat. water is correct or not? If not, what is the correct one?

3) The formula PV = nRT is exact or approximate? Explain.

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Experimental report of unit 4
Date: ..................................................................................................................................

Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Reaction order with respect to Na2S2O3

No. Initial concentration (M)

Δt1 Δt2 Δt3 Δtave.
Na2S2O3 H2SO4
1
2
3

From Δtave of experiment 1 and 2, determine m1 (a sample of calculation)

From Δtave of experiment 2 and 3, determine m2

Reaction order with respect to Na2S2O3 = =

2) Reaction order with respect to H2SO4

No. Initial concentration (M)
Δt1 Δt2 Δt3 Δtave.
Na2S2O3 H2SO4
1
2
3

From Δtave of experiment 1 and 2, determine n1 (sample calculation)

From Δtave of experiment 2 and 3, determine n2

Reaction order with respect to H2SO4 = =

II. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1) In the experiment above, what is the effect of the concentrations of Na2S2O3 and H2SO4 on the
reaction rate? Write the reaction rate expression. Determine the orders of the reaction.

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2) Mechanism of the reaction can be written as
H2SO4 + Na2S2O3  Na2SO4 + H2S2O3
H2S2O3  H2SO3 + S ↓
Based on the experimental results, may we conclude that the reaction (1) or (2) is the rate-
determining step, which is the slowest step of the reaction? Recall that in the experiments, the
amount of the acid H2SO4 is always used in excess.

3) Base on the principle of the experimental method, the reaction rate is considered as an
instantaneous rate or average rate.

4) If the order of adding H2SO4 and Na2S2O3 is reversed, does the reaction order change? Explain
your answer.

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Experimental report of unit 5
Date: ..................................................................................................................................

Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Standard solution
Tube Content Color
A 2 mL HCl 0.1N + methyl orange
B 2 mL NaOH 0.1N + methyl orange
C 2 mL HCl 0.1N + phenolphthalein
D 2 mL NaOH 0.1N + phenolphthalein

2) Acidic buffer solution

Tube Initial color Amount of consumed HCl 0.1N Color after adding acid
or NaOH 0.1N (mL) or base
M1 M2
1
2
3
4
5

3) Alkaline buffer solution

Tube Initial color Amount of consumed HCl 0.1N Color after adding acid
or NaOH 0.1N (mL) or base
M1 M2
6
7
8
9

II. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1) Propose 3 different salts which can replace CH3COONa in buffer solution. State the principles
and explain your answer.

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2) Compare the values of pH before and after adding 0.01 mol NaOH in 1 liter of buffer solution
CH3COOH 0.1N and CH3COONa 0.1N (volume of solution is assumed to be constant).

3) Explain the changing in color of CH3COOH 0.1N and methyl orange solution when adding
CH3COONa 0.1N.

4) Compare the results (pH, amount of consumed HCl) between tube 1 and tube 5. Explain.

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Experimental report of unit 6
Date: ..................................................................................................................................

Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Experiment 1
a) Electromotive force of Cu – Zn galvanic cell:
E (V), calculated:
E (V), measured:
b) Effect of concentrations on electromotive force

Electromotive force of galvanic cell

Tube
E (V) calculated E(V) measured
0–1
0–2
0–3

c) State some reasons which can cause errors:

2) Experiment 2
For each experiment a), b) and c), describe the phenomena occurring at the electrodes. Find the
anode (+) and the cathode (−).

Mark the substances/ions that discharge at electrodes in each experiment a), b), c). Write the
equations of the corresponding reactions.

No. Cathode (–) Anode (+)

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 H2 O H2 O
A
Na+ Cl-
H2 O H2 O
B
Cu2+ SO42–
H2 O Cu
C Cu2+ H2 O
SO42–

3) Experiment 2: Write the reaction between KI and FeCl3, KCl and FeCl3 in the form:
Oxidized form (I) + reduced form (II) ⇌ reduced form (I) + oxidized form (II)
Determine the direction of the above reactions from the experimental results. Explain the results
using reduction potential theory.

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Experimental report of unit 7
Date: ..................................................................................................................................

Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Experiment 1: Complete the following table:
Test tube 1 2 3 4 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’
VHCl (mL) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
CHCl (N) 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Indicator thymol blue methyl orange
Color
pH 1 1

2) Experiment 2: Complete the following table:

Test Indicator VCH3COOH CCH3COOH Color pH Ka
tube
(mL) (N)
1 Thymol blue 5 0.1 ___ ___ ___
2 Methyl orange 5 0.1 ___ ___ ___

3) Experiment 3: Complete the following table:

Test tube 5 6 7 8 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’
VNaOH (mL) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
CNaOH (N) 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001
Indicator alizarin yellow indigo carmine
Color
pH

4) Experiment 4: Complete the following table:

Test Indicator VNH 4OH CNH4OH Color pH Kb
tube
(mL) (N)
1 Alizarin yellow 5 0.1 ___ ___ ___
2 Indigo carmine 5 0.1 ___ ___ ___

II. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1) The accuracy of the determination of pH using color indicator depends on which of the
following factors: (circle the factors which affect the accuracy)

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 + The concentrations of HCl and NaOH solutions.
+ Volume of HCl and NaOH solutions.
+ Types of indicators.
+ The concentration series of HCl and NaOH solutions.
+ Color indicator method.
+ Temperature of HCl and NaOH solution.
+ Other factors.

2) In the determination of Ka and Kb, there is an assumption that the concentration of CH 3COO–
(or NH4+) ions is equal to the concentration of H+ (or OH–) ions. Whether this assumption is
accurate or not? Explain your answer.

3) Whether the values of Ka and Kb obtained in the experiments 2 and 4 depend on the types of
color indicators or not? Explain your answer.

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Experimental report of unit 8
Date: ..................................................................................................................................

Group: ................................................. Class: ....................................................................

I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1) Titration curve of HCl by NaOH

From the graph, determine:

- pH at equivalence point:
- titration jump:

2) Experiment 2
No. VHCl (mL) VNaOH (ml) CNaOH (N) CHCl (N) Deviation
1 10

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 2 10

CHCl = N

3) Experiment 3
No. VHCl (mL) VNaOH (mL) CNaOH (N) CHCl (N) Deviation
1 10
2 10

4) Experiment 4
No. Indicator VCH3 COOH (mL) VNaOH (mL) CNaOH (N) CCH3COOH (N)
1 Phenolphthalein
2 Methyl orange

II. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1) When changing the concentration of HCl or NaOH, does the titration curve change? Explain.

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2) The determination of the concentration of HCl in experiments 2 and 3, which one is more
precise?

3) From the result of experiment 4, for the determining concentration of acetic acid solution,
which indicator is more precise?

4) In a volumetric titration, if NaOH and HCl are interchanged, does the result change? Explain.

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