Lesson 3

Measure of Central Tendency

Mode (Mo) – this is defined as that value that appears most frequently in a distribution of measures or
scores.
A. Ex. 1. For Ungrouped Data

Scores f
10 2
9 0
8 5
7 8
6 10 6 is the mode having the highest frequency (unimodal)
5 2
4 0
3 1
2 1
1 1
N = €f = 30

Ex. 2.

Scores f
10 5
9 2
8 8 For scores having the same highest
Mo = 7.5 frequency and are adjacent, the
7 8
(unimodal) mode is the midpoint of the two
6 4
5 3 adjacent scores.
4 2
3 0
2 2
1 1
Theoretical Mode (Mo or Z)
B. Getting the Mode for Grouped Data

Class Interval f
70-74 1
75-79 3
80-84 3 NOTE: Scores are arranged L – H
85-89 15
90-94 10
95-99 13
100-104 15
Lmo 105-109 19 highest frequency (Modal Class)
110-114 10
115-119 5
120-124 2
125-129 4
€n = 100

Formula:

Mo = Lmo + 1
i
1 + 2

Where:
Mo = Mode
Lmo = lower limit of the modal class
1 = difference between the highest frequency and the frequency just above it
2 = difference between the highest frequency and the frequency just below it.
i = interval size

Steps:
1. Determine the modal class and its lower limit
2. Determine the highest frequency and the frequency just above it.
3. Determine the frequency just below the highest frequency
4. Determine the interval size
How to compute the Mode

Mo = Lmo + 1
i
1 + 2

= 105 + (19 – 15)

5
(19 - 15) + (19 - 10)

= 105 + 4
5
4+9

= 105 + 4
5
13

= 105 + 20
13

= 105 + 1.54

= 106.54
 Activity 3

Solve for the Theoretical Mode (Mo)

Class Interval f
118-126 3
127-135 5
136-144 9
145-153 12
154-162 5
163-171 4
172-180 2
 Mean (X)

Mean ( X )
The mean is the most familiar among the measures of position or central tendency. We refer the
mean as the average.

The mean can be computed using the long method and this is appropriate for small samples

A. Long Method (Ungrouped Data)

Individual X
A 7
B 4
Just add the scores (X) and
C 3
divide by the number of cases
D 2
E 1
N=5 €X = 17

Formula:

X = €X
N X = Mean

= 17 X = Scores
5
N = No. of Cases
X = 3.4 € = Summation Sign

Activity 4

Using the Long Method, solve for the X of the given data below:

Given:
56 78 62 37 54 39 62 60
28 82 38 72 62 44 54 42
42 55 57 65 68 47 42 56
56 56 55 66 42 52 48 48
47 41 50 52 47 48 53 68
 B. Short Method ( for Grouped Data)

1. Using the deviation to compute for the mean (X)

Data:

Step Interval f d fd
80-84 1 +5 5
75-79 1 +4 4
70-74 1 +3 3 +24
65-69 4 +2 8
60-64 4 +1 4
57
55-59 7 0 0 Assumed X1 is here
50-54 6 -1 -6
45-49 6 -2 -12
40-44 6 -3 -18
-54
35-39 3 -4 -12
30-34 0 -5 0
25-29 1 -6 -6
N = €f = 40 €fd = -30

Formula:

X = X 1 + €fd i
N

Where:

X = Mean

X 1 = Assumed Mean

i = interval size

n = no. of cases

€ = Summation
Steps using the Deviation
1. Assume anywhere your mean (X) in any of the step interval.
2. The step interval wherein you assumed your mean is 0 deviation.
3. Higher scores will receive positive deviation.
4. Lower scores will receive negative deviation.
5. The assumed mean (X1) is the midpoint of the class interval where you assumed your
mean.
6. Sum the fd algebraically (addition of signed numbers)
7. Determine the interval size.
Solution:

X = X `+ €fd i
N

= 57 + -30 5
40

= 57 + -150
40

= 57 + -3.75

= 53.25

Activity 5
Instruction:
1. Using the same data, solve for the X (short method)
2. Assume the X on step interval between 50 – 54.
3. Plot your deviation from your assumed mean ( X1).
4. Determine your assumed mean which is the midpoint of your class interval where you
assumed your mean.
5. Activity 5 follows next page.
Data for Activity 5
Class Interval f d fd
80-84 1
75-79 1
70-74 1
65-69 4
60-64 4
55-59 7
50-54 6
45-49 6
40-44 6
35-39 3
30-34 0
25-29 1