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Sydney facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts

This page is about the Australian metropolis. For the local government area, see City of Sydney. For other uses, see
Sydney (disambiguation).

Sydney ( SID-nee; Dharug: Gadi; Greater Sydney, Quick facts for kids
Dharug: Eora) is the capital city of the state of Sydney
New South Wales
New South Wales, and the most populous city in
Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's
east coast, the metropolis surrounds Port
Jackson and extends about 70 km (43.5 mi) on
its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the
west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal
National Park to the south and Macarthur to the
The Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour
south-west. Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs,
Bridge, two of Sydney's most famous landmarks,
spread across 33 local government areas.
photographed at dusk
Residents of the city are known as
"Sydneysiders". As of June 2020, Sydney's
estimated metropolitan population was
5,361,466, meaning the city is home to
approximately 66% of the state's population.
Nicknames of the city include the 'Emerald City'
and the 'Harbour City'.

Indigenous Australians have inhabited the

Sydney area for at least 30,000 years, and
thousands of Aboriginal engravings remain
throughout the region. During his first Pacific
voyage in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook and his
Map of the Sydney metropolitan area
crew became the first Europeans to chart the
eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at
Botany Bay. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts,
led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a
British penal colony, the first European
settlement in Australia. After World War II, it
experienced mass migration and became one of
Sydney
the most multicultural cities in the world.
Furthermore, 45.4% of the population reported
having been born overseas, and the city has the
fourth-largest foreign-born population of any city Location in Australia
in the world after Auckland, London and New
York City. Population 5,361,466 (2021) (1st)

 • Density 433/km2 (1,120/sq mi) (2021)

Despite being one of the most expensive cities
Established 26 January 1788
in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the top
Area 12,367.7 km2 (4,775.2 sq mi)
ten most liveable cities in the world. It is
(GCCSA)
classified as an Alpha global city by the
Time zone AEST (UTC+10)
Globalization and World Cities Research
Network, indicating its influence in the region  • Summer (DST) AEDT (UTC+11)

and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in Location 877 km (545 mi) NE of

the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has Melbourne

an advanced market economy with strengths in 923 km (574 mi) S of

finance, manufacturing and tourism. Established Brisbane
in 1850, the University of Sydney was Australia's 287 km (178 mi) NE of
first university and is regarded as one of the Canberra
world's leading universities.
3,936 km (2,446 mi) E of
Perth
Sydney has hosted major international sporting
events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics. The 1,404 km (872 mi) E of
city is among the top fifteen most-visited cities Adelaide

in the world, with millions of tourists coming

each year to see the city's landmarks. Boasting LGA(s) Various (31)

over 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of nature County Cumberland

reserves and parks, its notable natural features State Various (49)
include Sydney Harbour and Royal National electorate(s)

Park. Built attractions such as the Sydney Federal Various (24)

Harbour Bridge and the World Heritage-listed Division(s)
Sydney Opera House are also well known to
international visitors. The main passenger Mean max Mean min Annual rainfall

airport serving the metropolitan area is temp temp

Kingsford Smith Airport, one of the world's 22.8 °C 14.7 °C 1,149.7 mm

73 °F 58 °F 45.3 in
oldest continually operating airports.

Contents

History

First inhabitants

Establishment of the colony

Modern development

Geography
Topography

Geology

Vegetation

Climate

Regions
Inner suburbs

Eastern suburbs

Northern suburbs

Western suburbs

Demographics

Ancestry and immigration

Language

Religion

Culture

Science, art, and history

Entertainment

Religion

Sport and outdoor activities

Media

Related pages

Economy
Corporate citizens

Domestic economics

Financial services

Manufacturing

Tourism and international

education

Sport and outdoor activities

Notable sporting venues

Infrastructure
Education

Transport
Roads

Buses

Trams and light rail

Trains

Ferries

Airports

Environmental issues and pollution

reduction

Utilities

Images for kids

History
Main page: History of Sydney

First inhabitants

The first people to inhabit the area now known as Sydney were
indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia
and before that from southeast Asia. Radiocarbon dating
suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area
from around 30,735 years ago. However, numerous Aboriginal
stone tools were found in Western Sydney's gravel sediments
that were dated from 45,000 to 50,000 years BP, which would
indicate that there was human settlement in Sydney earlier than
thought.

The earliest British

settlers called them
Eora people. "Eora"
Petroglyph in Sydney's Ku-ring-gai
is the term the
Chase National Park
indigenous
population used to explain their origins upon first
contact with the British. Its literal meaning is "from
this place". Prior to the arrival of the British there
were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as
many as 29 different clans.

Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan. The principal
language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area
noted that the indigenous people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using
trees for bark and food, collecting shells, and cooking fish.

Development has destroyed much of the city's history including that of the first inhabitants. There
continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase
National Park. The first meeting between the native people and the British occurred on 29 April
1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula and
encountered the Gweagal clan. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat
hostile towards the foreign visitors. Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not
commissioned to start a settlement. He spent a short time collecting food and conducting
scientific observations before continuing further north along the east coast of Australia and
claiming the new land he had discovered for Britain.

Establishment of the colony

Britain—before that, England—and Ireland had for a

long time been sending their convicts across the
Atlantic to the American colonies. That trade was
ended with the Declaration of Independence by the
United States in 1776. Overrun with prisoners,
Britain decided in 1786 to found a new penal
outpost in the territory discovered by Cook some 16
years earlier.

A Direct North General View of Sydney Cove, by

The colony was at first to be titled "New Albion", but
convict artist Thomas Watling in 1794
Phillip decided on "Sydney" in recognition of The 1st
Baron Sydney—later created The 1st Viscount Sydney in 1789—and his role in authorising the
establishment of the settlement. Captain Philip led the First Fleet of 11 ships and about 850
convicts into Botany Bay on 18 January 1788, though deemed the location unsuitable due to poor
soil and a lack of fresh water. He travelled a short way further north and arrived at Port Jackson on
26 January 1788. This was to be the location for the new colony. Phillip described Sydney Cove
as being "without exception the finest harbour in the world". The official proclamation and naming
of the colony happened on 7 February 1788.

Between 1788 and 1792 about 4,300 convicts were landed at Sydney. The colony was not
founded on the principles of freedom and prosperity. Maps from this time show no prison
buildings; the punishment for convicts was transportation rather than incarceration, but serious
offences were penalised by flogging and hanging.

Officers and convicts alike faced starvation as

supplies ran low and little could be cultivated from
the land. The region's indigenous population was
also suffering. It is estimated that half of the native
people in Sydney died during the smallpox epidemic
of 1789. Some mounted violent resistance to the
British settlers. Lachlan Macquarie became
Governor in 1810.
Sydney Cove from Dawes Point, 1817
Macquarie did make the most of less than ideal
circumstances. His first task was to restore order after the Rum Rebellion of 1808 against the
previous Governor. Conditions in the colony were not conducive to the development of a thriving
new metropolis, but the more regular arrival of ships and the beginnings of maritime trade (such as
wool) helped to lessen the burden of isolation.

Macquarie undertook an extensive building programme of some 265 separate works. Roads,
bridges, wharves, and public buildings were constructed using convict labour and come 1822 the
town had banks, markets, and well-established thoroughfares. Part of Macquarie's effort to
transform the colony was his authorisation for convicts to re-enter society as free citizens.

Modern development

The year 1840 was the final year of convict

transportation to Sydney, which by this time had a
population of 35,000. The municipal council of
Sydney was incorporated in 1842 and became
Australia's first city. Gold was discovered in the
colony in 1851 and with it came thousands of people
seeking to make money. Sydney's population
reached 200,000 by 1871.
Aerial illustration of Sydney from 1888
Following the depression of the 1890s, the six
colonies agreed to form a federated nation of The Commonwealth of Australia. Under the reign of
Queen Victoria federation of the six colonies occurred on 1 January 1901. Sydney, with a
population of 481,000, then became the state capital of New South Wales.

The Great Depression of the 1930s had a severe

effect on Sydney's economy, as it did with most
cities throughout the industrial world. For much of
the 1930s up to one in three breadwinners was
unemployed. Construction of the Sydney Harbour
Bridge served to alleviate some of the effects of the
economic downturn by employing 1,400 men
between 1924 and 1932. The population continued
to boom despite the Depression and reached 1

George Street, looking south from The Powerhouse million in 1925.

Museum circa 1900.
When Britain declared war on Germany in 1939,
Australia too entered. During the war Sydney experienced a surge in industrial development to
meet the needs of a wartime economy. Far from mass unemployment, there were now labour
shortages and women becoming active in male roles. Sydney's harbour was attacked by the
Japanese in May and June 1942 with a direct attack from Japanese submarines with some loss of
life. Households throughout the city had built air raid shelters and performed drills.

Following the end of the war the city continued to

expand. There were 1.7 million people living in
Sydney at 1950 and almost 3 million by 1975. The
people of Sydney warmly welcomed Queen
Elizabeth II in 1954 when the a reigning monarch
stepped onto Australian soil for the first time to
commence her Australian Royal Tour. Having arrived
on the Royal Yacht Britannia through Sydney Heads,
Her Majesty came ashore at Farm Cove. Sydney's
iconic Opera House was opened in 1973 by Her Sydney Harbour in 1932
Majesty.

A strong rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne that began in the 1850s still exists to this day.
Sydney exceeded Melbourne's population in the early twentieth century and remains Australia's
largest city. The 2000 Summer Olympics were held in Sydney and became known as the "best
Olympic Games ever" by the President of the International Olympic Committee. The Opera House
became a World Heritage Site in 2007.

Geography
Main page: Geography of Sydney

Topography

Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to

the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the
Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora
Plateau to the south. The inner city measures 25
square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater
Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres
(4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is
1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size.
Satellite image looking west with Botany Bay on the
left and Port Jackson on the right
Sydney spans two geographic regions. The
Cumberland Plain lies to the south and west of the Harbour and is relatively flat. The Hornsby
Plateau is located to the north and is dissected by steep valleys. The flat areas of the south were
the first to be developed as the city grew. It was not until the construction of the Sydney Harbour
Bridge that the northern reaches of the coast became more heavily populated. Seventy beaches
can be found along its coastline with Bondi Beach being one of the most famous.

The Nepean River wraps around the western edge of the city and becomes the Hawkesbury River
before reaching Broken Bay. Most of Sydney's water storages can be found on tributaries of the
Nepean River. The Parramatta River is mostly industrial and drains a large area of Sydney's
western suburbs into Port Jackson. The southern parts of the city are drained by the Georges
River and the Cooks River into Botany Bay.

Geology

Sydney is made up of mostly Triassic rock with

some recent igneous dykes and volcanic necks. The
Sydney Basin was formed when the Earth's crust
expanded, subsided, and filled with sediment in the
early Triassic period. The sand that was to become
the sandstone of today was washed from Broken Hill Almost all of the exposed rocks around Sydney are
and laid down about 200 million years ago. The sandstone

sandstone has shale lenses and fossil riverbeds.

The Sydney Basin bioregion includes coastal features of cliffs, beaches, and estuaries. Deep river
valleys known as rias were carved during the Triassic period in the Hawkesbury sandstone of the
coastal region where Sydney now lies. The rising sea level between 18,000 and 6,000 years ago
flooded the rias to form estuaries and deep harbours. Port Jackson, better known as Sydney
Harbour, is one such ria.

Vegetation

The most prevalent plant communities in the Sydney

region are Dry Sclerophyll Forests, which consist of
eucalyptus trees mainly in an open woodland
setting, sclerophyll shrubs (typically wattles and
banksias) and a semi-continuous grass in the A dry sclerophyll bushland in Sydney with
eucalyptus trees (Royal National Park, Sutherland
understory. These plants tend to have rough and Shire)
spiky leaves, as they're grown in areas with low soil
fertility. Wet sclerophyll forests are found in the damp, elevated areas of Sydney, such as in the
northeast. They are defined by straight, tall tree canopies with an elaborate, moist understorey of
soft-leaved shrubs, tree ferns and herbs.

Climate
Main page: Climate of Sydney

Under the Köppen–Geiger classification, Sydney has

a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with warm
summers, winters and uniform rainfall throughout the
year. At Sydney's primary weather station at
Observatory Hill, extreme temperatures have ranged
from 45.8 °C (114.4 °F) on 18 January 2013 to 2.1 °C
(35.8 °F) on 22 June 1932; whereas at the Sydney
Airport station, extremes have ranged from 46.4 to
−0.1 °C (115.5 to 31.8 °F). An average of 14.9 days a
year have temperatures at or above 30 °C (86 °F) in The Sydney Harbour Bridge in the 2009 Australian
dust storm
the CBD. In contrast, the metropolitan area averages
between 35 and 65 days, depending on the suburb. The highest minimum temperature recorded
at Observatory Hill is 27.6 °C (82 °F), in February 2011 while the lowest maximum temperature is
7.7 °C (46 °F), recorded in July 1868.

The weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean, and more extreme temperatures are
recorded in the inland western suburbs. Sydney experiences an urban heat island effect. This
makes certain parts of the city more vulnerable to extreme heat. In late spring and summer,
temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) are not uncommon, though hot, dry conditions are usually ended
by a southerly buster. This powerful storm brings gale winds and rapid fall in temperature,
followed by brief heavy rain and thunder. Due to the inland location, frost is recorded in Western
Sydney a few times in winter. Autumn and spring are the transitional seasons, with spring showing
a larger temperature variation than autumn.

The rainfall has a moderate to low variability and it is

evenly spread through the months, though is slightly
higher during the first half of the year. From 1990–
1999, Sydney received around 20 thunderstorms per
year. In late autumn and winter, east coast lows may
bring large amounts of rainfall, especially in the CBD.
Depending on the wind direction, summer weather
may be humid or dry, with the late summer/autumn
period having a higher average humidity and Lightning as seen from the Sydney Harbour

dewpoints than late spring/early summer. In summer,

most rain falls from thunderstorms and in winter from cold fronts. Snowfall was last reported in the
Sydney City area in 1836, while a fall of graupel, or soft hail, mistaken by many for snow, in July
2008, has raised the possibility that the 1836 event was not snow, either.

The city is rarely affected by cyclones, although remnants of ex-cyclones do affect the city. The El
Niño–Southern Oscillation plays an important role in determining Sydney's weather patterns:
drought and bushfire on the one hand, and storms and flooding on the other, associated with the
opposite phases of the oscillation. Many areas of the city bordering bushland have experienced
bushfires, these tend to occur during the spring and summer. The city is also prone to severe
storms. One such storm was the 1999 hailstorm, which produced massive hailstones of at least
9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter.

The Bureau of Meteorology has reported that 2002 through 2005 were the warmest summers in
Sydney since records began in 1859. The summer of 2007–08, however, proved to be the coolest
since 1996–97 and is the only summer this century to be at or below average in temperatures. In
2009, dry conditions brought a severe dust storm towards eastern Australia. The average annual
temperature of the sea is above 21 °C (70 °F), and the monthly average ranges from 18 °C (64 °F)
in July to 24 °C (75 °F) in January.

Climate data for Sydney

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
45.3 42.1 39.8 33.9 30.0 26.9 25.9 31.3 34.6 38.2 41.8 42.2 45.3
Record high °C (°F)
(113.5) (107.8) (103.6) (93) (86) (80.4) (78.6) (88.3) (94.3) (100.8) (107.2) (108) (113.5)
25.9 25.8 24.7 22.4 19.4 16.9 16.3 17.8 20.0 22.1 23.6 25.2 21.7
Average high °C (°F)
(78.6) (78.4) (76.5) (72.3) (66.9) (62.4) (61.3) (64) (68) (71.8) (74.5) (77.4) (71.1)
18.7 18.8 17.5 14.7 11.5 9.3 8.0 8.9 11.1 13.5 15.6 17.5 13.8
Average low °C (°F)
(65.7) (65.8) (63.5) (58.5) (52.7) (48.7) (46.4) (48) (52) (56.3) (60.1) (63.5) (56.8)
10.6 9.6 9.3 7.0 4.4 2.1 2.2 2.7 4.9 5.7 7.7 9.1 2.1
Record low °C (°F)
(51.1) (49.3) (48.7) (44.6) (39.9) (35.8) (36) (36.9) (40.8) (42.3) (45.9) (48.4) (35.8)
101.5 118.7 128.9 125.8 121.1 130.7 97.3 81.2 69.1 77.6 83.1 77.8 1,212.8
Rainfall mm (inches)
(3.996) (4.673) (5.075) (4.953) (4.768) (5.146) (3.831) (3.197) (2.72) (3.055) (3.272) (3.063) (47.748)
Avg. rainy days (≥ of ANY
12.2 12.4 13.5 12.8 13.2 12.5 11.1 10.5 10.6 11.6 11.6 11.5 143.5
volume)

Sunshine hours 220.1 194.3 198.4 192.0 182.9 165.0 198.4 220.1 216.0 223.2 234.0 235.6 2,480
Source: Bureau of Meteorology

Climate data for Sydney Airport (Eastern Sydney)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
46.4 42.6 41.2 35.7 30.0 26.8 27.0 31.1 35.6 39.1 43.4 43.2 46.4
Record high °C (°F)
(115.5) (108.7) (106.2) (96.3) (86) (80.2) (80.6) (88) (96.1) (102.4) (110.1) (109.8) (115.5)
26.6 26.4 25.3 22.9 20.1 17.6 17.1 18.4 20.6 22.7 24.1 25.8 22.3
Average high °C (°F)
(79.9) (79.5) (77.5) (73.2) (68.2) (63.7) (62.8) (65.1) (69.1) (72.9) (75.4) (78.4) (72.14)
18.9 19.1 17.6 14.3 11.0 8.7 7.2 8.2 10.5 13.3 15.5 17.6 13.49
Average low °C (°F)
(66) (66.4) (63.7) (57.7) (51.8) (47.7) (45) (46.8) (50.9) (55.9) (59.9) (63.7) (56.29)
9.7 11.2 7.4 6.1 3.0 1.0 -0.1 1.2 2.3 4.8 5.9 8.2 -0.1
Record low °C (°F)
(49.5) (52.2) (45.3) (43) (37.4) (33.8) (31.8) (34.2) (36.1) (40.6) (42.6) (46.8) (31.8)
79.4 118.4 88.4 118.9 106.2 100.1 72.6 73.7 61.8 63.9 85.1 73.6 1,042.0
Rainfall mm (inches)
(3.126) (4.661) (3.48) (4.681) (4.181) (3.941) (2.858) (2.902) (2.433) (2.516) (3.35) (2.898) (41.024)
% Humidity 59 62 60 60 59 57 53 48 49 52 57 57 56
Avg. rainy days (≥
10.9 12.1 12.1 10.5 11.8 10.3 9.8 8.1 8.3 10.5 11.7 10.7 126.8
0.2mm)

Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1981–2010 averages, records 1939–)

Regions

View of Sydney from Sydney Tower

Sydney CBD panorama from Taronga Zoo, Mosman

Lieutenant William Dawes produced a town plan in 1790 but it was ignored by the colony's
leaders. Sydney's layout today reflects this lack of planning. The geographical area covered by
urban Sydney is divided into 658 suburbs for addressing and postal purposes and is administered
as 40 local government areas. The City of Sydney is responsible for 33 of these suburbs, all of
which are located close to the central business district.

There are 15 contiguous regions around Sydney: the CBD, Canterbury-Bankstown, the Eastern
Suburbs, the Forest District, Greater Western Sydney, the Hills District, the Inner West, Macarthur,
the Northern Beaches, the Northern Suburbs, the North Shore, Southern Sydney, St George,
Sutherland Shire, and Western Sydney. The largest commercial centres outside of the CBD are
North Sydney and Chatswood in the north, Parramatta to the west, Liverpool and Bankstown in
the south-west, Hurstville in the south, and Bondi Junction to the east. There has been
accelerating commercial development in Parramatta since the 1950s as firms serving Western
Sydney have set up regional offices and recognised the region's significant residential population
mass and cheaper rents.

Inner suburbs

The CBD itself extends about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles)

south from Sydney Cove. It is bordered by Farm
Cove within the Royal Botanic Garden to the east
and Darling Harbour to the west. Suburbs
surrounding the CBD include Woolloomooloo and
Potts Point to the east, Surry Hills and Darlinghurst
to the south, Pyrmont and Ultimo to the west, and
Millers Point and The Rocks to the north. Most of
these suburbs measure less than 1 square kilometre Anzac Bridge, spanning Johnstons Bay, links the
suburb of Pyrmont to the CBD.
(0.4 square miles) in area.

Several localities, distinct from suburbs, exist throughout Sydney's inner reaches. Central and
Circular Quay are transport hubs with ferry, rail, and bus interchanges. Chinatown, Darling
Harbour, and Kings Cross are important locations for culture, tourism, and recreation. The Strand
Arcade, which is located between between Pitt Street Mall and George Street, is a historical
Victorian-style shopping arcade. Opened on 1 April 1892, its shop fronts are an exact replica of
the original internal shopping facades.

There is a long trend of gentrification amongst Sydney's inner suburbs. Pyrmont located on the
harbour was redeveloped from a centre of shipping and international trade to an area of high
density housing, tourist accommodation, and gambling. Originally located well outside of the city,
Darlinghurst is the location of a former gaol, manufacturing, and mixed housing. The terrace style
housing has largely been retained and Darlinghurst has undergone significant gentrification since
the 1980s.

Green Square is a former industrial area of Waterloo which is undergoing urban renewal worth $8
billion. On the city harbour edge the historic suburb and wharves of Millers Point are being built up
as the new area of Barangaroo. The Millers Point/Barangaroo development has significant
controversy regardless of the $6 billion worth of economic activity it is generating. The suburb of
Paddington is a well known suburb for its streets of restored terrace houses, Victoria Barracks,
and shopping including the weekly Oxford Street markets.

The inner western suburbs include Balmain, which was once a working class industrial and mining
town but has undergone extensive gentrification, and Ashfield, which has urban density relatively
high for Australia. The main shopping strip of the inner-west suburb Newtown, which is centred in
King Street, is the longest and most complete commercial precinct of the late Victorian and
Federation period in Australia.

Eastern suburbs

Vaucluse in the eastern suburbs is amongst

Australia's most affluent addresses. Neighbouring
suburb Point Piper contains Wolseley Road, the
ninth most expensive street in the world. Coogee
and Bondi, both known for tourism and recreation,
are also found in the Eastern Suburbs. Bondi
Junction, Sydney's fifth largest business district
behind the CBD itself, North Sydney, Parramatta and
Chatswood, is a largely commercial area which has
undergone many changes since the late 20th Cronulla dunes with the city of Sydney in view.

century.

The Kurnell peninsula, near Botany Bay, is the site of the first landfall on the eastern coastline
made by Lt. (later Captain) James Cook in 1770. La Perouse, a historic suburb named after the
French navigator Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (1741–88), is notable for its old
military outpost at Bare Island and the Botany Bay National Park. The suburb of Cronulla in
southeastern Sydney is close to Royal National Park, Australia's oldest national park. Hurstville, a
large suburb with a multitude of commercial buildings and high-rise residential buildings
dominating the skyline, has become a central business district for the southern suburbs.

Northern suburbs

Because 'Northern Suburbs' is not a clearly defined region (although having a clearly differently
defined lifestyle and social groups over the north shore region), 'Northern Suburbs' may also
include the suburbs in the Upper North Shore, Lower North Shore and even the Northern
Beaches.

The Northern Suburbs have many landmarks, including Macquarie University, Gladesville Bridge,
Ryde Bridge, Macquarie Centre and Westfield Hornsby. This area includes suburbs in the local
government areas of Hornsby Shire, City of Ryde and the City of Parramatta. The Northern
Suburbs have a well-planned public transport system and substantial bungalow style homes.

The North Shore, an informal geographic term

referring to the northern metropolitan area of
Sydney, consists of Artarmon, Chatswood, Roseville,
Lindfield, Killara, Gordon, Pymble, Hornsby and
many others. The North Shore, an upper middle
class area, has one of the highest property prices in
Sydney with the recent property price inflation
sending the average property prices in suburbs such
as Roseville, Lindfield, Killara and Gordon over 2
million dollars. North Sydney commercial district.

The North Shore includes the commercial centres of North Sydney and Chatswood. North Sydney
itself consists of a large commercial centre, with its own business centre, which contains the
second largest concentration of high-rise buildings in Sydney, after the CBD. North Sydney is
dominated by advertising, marketing businesses and associated trades, with many large
corporations holding office in the region.

The Lower North Shore usually refers to the suburbs adjacent to the harbour such as Neutral Bay,