課程說明、SI國際單位介紹、試藥與器材使用說明

Unit 0 of the Soil Chemical Analysis
Introduction to the
Soil Chemical Analysis
課程說明、SI國際單位介紹、試藥與器材使用說明
Sheng-Bin Ho
Department of Agricultural Chemistry
National Taiwan University
2019/09/20 1
課程說明 https://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1081AC5044_SCA
土壤化學分析內容綱要
項次內容
第⼀單元、土壤採樣與土壤化學分析之品質保證與品質管制
(QA/QC)
第二單元、黏土礦物的構造、分離與鑑別
晶體構造之基本概念、層狀矽酸鹽礦物及鐵鋁錳氧化物等之構造、黏
粒之分離及其X-射線繞射分析。
第三單元、土壤緩衝能力與pH值之動力學變化
土壤pH值測定法及土壤Q/I概念。
第四單元、土壤中氮的分析
無機態氮、有機態氮、固定態氮及全氮測定，凱氏蒸餾法與微量擴散
法實作。
第五單元、土壤陽離子交換現象之分析(⼀)陽離子交換容量之測定
傳統醋酸銨淋洗法與離心法，原子吸光光譜法與錯化物滴定法。
2
項次內容
第六單元、土壤陽離子交換現象之分析(二)選擇性係數測定
Vanselow Equation與Gapon Equation 之應用。
第七單元、土壤表面電荷分析
第八單元、土壤中磷的分析
生物檢定法、化學抽出法與PST法；分光光度法。
第九單元、土壤中鉀的分析
第十單元、土壤吸附現象之觀測與分析
等溫吸附(脫附)曲線、動力吸附(脫附)曲線。
3
項次內容
第⼗⼀單元、可溶性鹽類分析
水質分析、離子活性係數；電導度計法、離子層析法。
第十二單元、土壤氧化還原狀態分析
土壤氧化還原電位測定法。
第十三單元、土壤有機質分析
土壤有機質含量、腐植質之抽取、官能基測定；光譜化學分析。
第十四單元、土壤鐵、鋁、錳氧化物分析
結晶性與非結晶性二三氧化物；1,10-phenanthroline法、過碘酸
法與動力學法。
第十五單元、土壤微量元素及無機污染物分析
4
土壤化學分析參考書
Carter, M. R. (Ed.). 1993. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Lewis Publishers. Bota
Raton.
Carter, M. R., and E. G. Gregorich (Eds.). 2007. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis .2nd
Ed. Can. Soc. Soil Sci. CRC Press. Boca Raton.
Dunnivant, F. M. 2004. Environmental Laboratory Exercises for Instrumental Analysis and
Environmental Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. New Jersey.
Hesse, P. R. 1971. A Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis. Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.
New York.
Jackson, M. L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey.
Jackson, M. L. 1979. Soil Chemical Analysis--Advanced Course. Published by the author.
Madison, Wisconsin.
Page, A. L., R. H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney (Eds.). 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2.
Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Ed. ASA-SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin.
Sparks, D. L., A. L.Page, P. A. Helmke, R. H. Loeppert, P. N. Soltanpour, M. A. Tabatabai,
C. T. Johnston, and M. E. Sumner (Eds.). 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3.
Chemical Methods. SSSA Book series no.5. SSSA-ASA. Madison, Wisconsin.
STANDARD METHODS for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1985. 16th Ed. ~
2005, 21st Ed. APHA-AWWA-WPCF.
5
評量方式
項目百分比說明
出席 10 % 依發問頻率給分
期中考試 45 %
期末考試 45 %
6
希臘字⺟(Greek Alphabets)
Letter Name Letter Name
Α α alpha Ν ν nu
Β β beta Ξ ξ xi
Γ γ gamma Ο ο omicron
∆ δ delta Π π pi
Ε ε epsilon Ρ ρ rho
Ζ ζ zeta Σ σ sigma
Η η eta Τ τ tau
Θ θ theta Υ υ upsilon
Ι ι iota Φ φ phi
Κ κ kappa Χ χ chi
Λ λ lambda Ψ ψ psi
Μ µ mu Ω ω omega
http://a2z.fhl.net/bible/greek/Gclass1.html 7
數量級字首
Prefixes Employed to indicate orders of magnitude
Order of Prefix Symbol Order of Prefix Symbol
Magnitude Magnitude
1024 yotta 佑 Y 10-1 deci 分 d
1021 zetta 皆 Z 10-2 centi 厘 c
1018 exa 艾 E 10-3 milli 毫 m
1015 peta 拍 P 10-6 micro 微 µ
1012 tera 兆 T 10-9 nano 奈 n
109 giga 吉 G 10-12 pico 皮 p
106 mega 百萬 M 10-15 femto 飛 f
103 kilo 千 k 10-18 atto 阿 a
102 hecto 百 h 10-21 zepto 介 z
101 deka 十 da 10-24 yocto 攸 y
8
SI國際單位介紹
國際度量衡大會(CGPM)
General Conference of Weights & Measures
(French: Conférence générale des poids et mesures - CGPM)
每四年集會⼀次，聽取國際度量衡委員會的⼯
作報告，並討論國際單位制（International
System of Units, SI 制）之改進及推展等事項，
及審查會員國最新研究發展出來量測標準。
(abbreviated SI from French: Le Système International d'Unités)

9
SI國際單位介紹
Base units of the international system of units
Quantity Unit Symbol
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
amount of substance mole mol

luminous intensity candela cd
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html
10
Examples of SI derived units
Derived quantity Name Symbol
area square meter m2
volume cubic meter m3
speed, velocity meter per second m· s-1
acceleration meter per second squared m· s-2
wave number reciprocal meter m-1
mass density kilogram per cubic meter kg· m-3
specific volume cubic meter per kilogram m3· kg-1
current density ampere per square meter A· m-2
magnetic field strength ampere per meter A· m-1
amount-of-substance concentration mole per cubic meter mol· m-3
luminance candela per square meter cd· m-2
mass fraction kilogram per kilogram kg· kg-1 = 1
11
SI derived units with special names and symbols
Derived quantity Name Symbol Other SI SI base units
units
plane angle radian rad - m· m-1 = 1
solid angle steradian sr - m2· m-2 = 1
frequency hertz Hz - s-1
force newton N - m· kg· s-2
pressure, stress pascal Pa N· m-2 m-1· kg· s-2
energy, work, quantity of joule J N· m m2· kg· s-2
heat
power, radiant flux watt W J· s-1 m2· kg· s-3
electric charge, coulomb C - s· A
quantity of electricity
electric potential, potential volt V W· A-1 m2· kg· s-3· A-1
difference, electromotive
force
capacitance farad F C· V-1 m-2· kg-1· s4· A2
12
SI derived units with special names and symbols (contd.)
Derived quantity Name Symbol Other SI SI base units
units
electric resistance ohm Ω V· A-1 m2· kg· s-3· A-2
electric conductance siemens S A· V-1 m-2· kg-1· s3· A2
magnetic flux weber Wb V· s m2· kg· s-2· A-1
magnetic flux density tesla T Wb· m-2 kg· s-2· A-1
inductance henry H Wb· A-1 m2· kg· s-2· A-2
celsius temperature degree oC - K
Celsius
luminous flux lumen lm cd⋅sr mm-2⋅cd = cd
illuminance lux lx lm⋅m-2 mm-4⋅cd = m-2⋅cd
activity (of a radionuclide) becquerel Bq - s-1
absorbed dose, gray Gy J· kg-1 m2· s-2

specific energy (imparted),
kerma
dose equivalent sievert Sv J kg-1 m2· s-2
catalytic activity katal kat s-1· mol 13
Examples of SI derived units whose names and symbols
include SI derived units with special names and symbols
dynamic viscosity pascal second Pa· s
moment of force newton meter N· m
surface tension newton per meter N· m-1
angular velocity radian per second rad· s-1
angular acceleration radian per second rad· s-2
squared
heat flux density, irradiance watt per square meter W· m-2
heat capacity, entropy joule per kelvin J· K-1
specific heat capacity, specific joule per kilogram kelvin J· kg-1· K-1
entropy
14
Examples of SI derived units whose names and symbols
include SI derived units with special names and symbols
thermal conductivity watt per meter kelvin W· m-1· K-1
energy density joule per cubic meter J· m-3
electric field strength volt per meter V· m-1
electric charge density coulomb per cubic meter C· m-3
electric flux density coulomb per square meter C· m-2
permittivity farad per meter F· m-1
permeability henry p er meter H· m-1
molar energy joule per mole J· mol-1
molar entropy, molar heat capacity joule per mole kelvin J· mol-1· K-1
exposure (x and γ rays) coulomb per kilogram C· kg-1
absorbed dose rate gray per second Gy· s-1
radiant intensity watt per steradian W· sr-1
radiance watt per square meter steradian W· m-2· sr-1
catalytic (activity) concentration katal per cubic meter kat· m-3 15
Units outside the SI that are accepted for use with the SI
Name Symbol Value in SI units
minute (time) min 1 min = 60s
hour h 1 h = 60 min = 3600 s
day d 1 d = 24 h = 86400 s
degree (angle) ° 1 ° = ( π/180) rad
minute (angle) ′ 1 ′ = (1/60) ° = (π/10800) rad
second (angle) ″ 1 ″ = (1/60) ′ = (π/10800) rad
liter L 1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3
metric ton t 1 t = 103 kg
neper Np 1 Np = 1
bel B 1 B = (1/2) ln 10 Np
electron volt eV 1 eV = 1.60218×10-19 J, approximately
unified atomic mass unit u 1 u = 1.66054 × 10-27 , approximately
astronomical unit ua 1 ua = 1.49598 ×1011m , approximately
16
Other units outside the SI that are currently accepted for
use with the SI, subject to further review
Name Symbol Value in SI units
nautical mile 1 nautical mile = 1852 m
knot 1 nautical mile per hour = (1852/3600) m/s
are a 1 a = 1 dam2 = 102 m2
hectare ha 1 ha = 1 hm2 = 104 m2
bar bar 1 bar = 0.1 MPa = 100 kPa = 1000 hPa = 105 Pa
ångström Å 1 Å = 0.1 nm = 10-10 m
barn b 1 b = 100 fm2 = 10-28 m2
curie Ci 1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 Bq
roentgen R 1 R = 2.58 × 10 /kg
rad rad 1 rad = 1 cGy = 10-2 Gy
rem rem 1 rem = 1 cSv = 10-2 Sv
17
https://www.agronomy.org/
Accetable Use of Percentage in SI
• Coefficient of variation.
• Botanical composition, plant stand, and cover estimates.
• Percentage of leaves (or plants) infected.
• Percentage increase (or decrease) in yield.
• Percentage of applied element(s) that are recovered by plants,
extractants, etc.
• Fertilizer grades.
• Relative humidity.
• As an alternative unit of soil texture. This is allowed because each
component is well defined and is a fraction on a mass basis.
• As an alternative unit to express fractional base saturation. This is
permissible because each component is a fraction on a chemical
basis.
• Atom percent abundance of a stable isotope (e.g., 15N, 18O). This is
determined on a mass basis. 18
Fertilizer grades
19
• Parts per Thousand, ‰
• Parts per Million (ppm)
應以 µL L−1, mg L−1, 或 mg kg−1 取代之。
取代之。
• Nutrient Contents 應該使用 SI 單位
20
Plant Nutrient Conversion
Element Oxide
Factor for Atomic Molecular Factor for
Element→Oxide Weight Weight Oxide→Element
2.29 P 31.0 P2O5 141.9 0.437
1.20 K 39.1 K2O 94.2 0.830
1.40 Ca 40.1 CaO 56.1 0.715
1.66 Mg 24.3 MgO 40.3 0.603
141.9
Example：P→P2O5 = 2.29
39.1 × 2
21
試藥簡介
⼀、分析級試藥（Analytical grade chemicals）

此等級試藥為⼀般較重要的分析所使⽤，通常在藥
瓶上標示有較詳細的分析檢定資料，如試藥含量百
分率，各種不純物之最大含量限度，燒灼殘存量等
等，詳細的規格劃分，在各廠牌之原廠試藥目錄上，
通常都有說明。相同標示但不同廠牌的試藥，其規
格常不相同。
Merck KGaA http://www.merck-chemicals.com.tw/
Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.
http://www.mbigloballabcatalog.com/WebProject.asp?CodeId=7.3.5.8
http://mallbaker.company.weiku.com/
22
分析級試藥（Analytical grade chemicals）
ACS級：Chemicals meeting the specifications outlined by the
American Chemical Society，美國化學學會所訂化學試藥規格，為
美國相對地普遍可得到的最高純度的試藥，其規格標準經常修訂。通
常為各廠牌分析級試藥的附帶標記。
‘ISO-Reag’級：Chemicals meeting the specifications of the
International Organization for Standardization，通常為各廠牌
分析級試藥的附帶標記。
GR級：Guaranteed Reagents，分析保證試藥級；很多廠牌試藥，
使用此標記，如 E. Merck (Merck新的商標名為EMSURE)。
Merck EMSURE：E. Merck 之新商品名(原GR級)。
AnalaR NORMAPUR：VWM BDH Prolabo Chemicals。
23
分析級試藥（Analytical grade chemicals）
'Baker Analyzed' Reagent：J. T. Baker試藥級。

AR：Mallinckrodt Chemicals試藥級。
JIS 試藥特級：Japanese Industrial Standards，Special Grade，
日本製試藥。
RDH G.R.級：德國 Riedel-de Häen 試藥。
R.G.級：Reagent Grade，如 Fisher R.G.。
24
106393 Sodium carbonate ( 碳酸鈉 )
anhydrous, for analysis EMSURE® ACS, ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
規格
Assay (acidimetric; dried
≥ 99.9 %
substance)
Insoluble matter ≤ 0.01 %
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.001 %
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 0.001 %
Silicate (as SiO2) ≤ 0.005 %
Total sulfur (as SO4) ≤ 0.003 %
Total nitrogen (N) ≤ 0.001 %
Heavy metals (as Pb) ≤ 0.0005 %
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic) ≤ 0.0001 %
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.0005 %
K (Potassium) ≤ 0.005 %
Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 0.0005 %
Loss on drying (300 °C) ≤ 1.0 % 25

Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous, Granular, BAKER
ANALYZED ACS Reagent
Meets A.C.S. Specifications
Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs
Assay (Na2CO3) min. 99.5 %
(dried basis)(by acidimetry)
Insoluble Matter max. 0.01 %
Loss on Heating at 285°C max. 1.0 %
Chloride (Cl) max. 0.001 %
Phosphate (PO4) max. 0.001 %
Silica (SiO2) max. 0.005 %
Sulfur Compounds (as SO4) max. 0.003 %
Calcium (Ca) max. 0.03 %
Magnesium (Mg) max. 0.005 %
Potassium (K) max. 0.005 %
Trace Impurities (in ppm):
Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 5
Iron (Fe) max. 5
For Laboratory, Research or Manufacturing Use
26
Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous, Granular, AR (ACS)
Assay (Na2CO3) min. 99.5 %
(dried basis)(by acidimetry)
Insoluble Matter max. 0.01 %
Loss on Heating at 285°C max. 1.0 %
Chloride (Cl) max. 0.001 %
Silica (SiO2) max. 0.005 %
Sulfur Compounds (as SO4) max. 0.003 %
Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 5 ppm
Iron (Fe) max. 5 ppm
Calcium (Ca) max. 0.03 %
Magnesium (Mg) max. 0.005 %
Potassium (K) max. 0.005 %
Product Information (not specifications):

Appearance (white granules)
For Laboratory, Research or Manufacturing Use 27

⼆、⼀般試藥
(此等級試藥為⼀般不須很精確化學分析所使⽤，通常在藥瓶上僅有簡單
的標示)
C.P.級：Chemically Pure，化學純級，即有合理的化學純度，無過分
的雜質。
E.P.級：Extra Pure，即日本JIS試藥⼀級。
T.G.級：Technical Grade，工業級，或稱Commercial Grade。
LAB級：E. Merck試藥，目前更名為Merck EMPARTA。
Purified級：純度較T.G.級為高，通常用於沒有公認標準之試藥。
USP級：Chemicals that conform to the requirements of the
current U.S. Pharmacopeia，醫藥用級。
Ph. Eur.級： Chemicals that conform to the requirements of the
current European Pharmacopoeia ，醫藥用級。
FCC：Food Chemicals Codex , 食品級(food-grade chemicals)。
USP–NF： The United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary 。
28
VWR BDH Prolabo Calcium carbonate Ph.Eur. precipitated
Specification
Please, use link to get PDF file Specification-22295.pdf
Assay (calculated on dried substance) 98,5 --> 100,5 %
Appearance White powder
Identification A Passes test
Identification B Passes test
Solution S Passes test
Substances insoluble in CH3COOH Max. 0,2 %
Cl (Chloride) Max. 330 ppm
SO4 (Sulphate) Max. 0,25 %
As (Arsenic) Max. 4 ppm
Ba (Barium) Passes test
Fe (Iron) Max. 200 ppm
Magnesium and alkali metals Max. 1,5 %
Heavy metals (as Pb) Max. 20 ppm
Loss on drying (200°C) Max. 2,0 %
Residual solvents Passes test
29
VWR BDH Prolabo Calcium carbonate AnalaR NORMAPUR
precipitated , low alkali content
Specification
Please, use link to get PDF file Specification-22300.pdf
Assay (calculated on dried substance) 98,5 --> 100,5 %
Ba (Barium) Passes test
Heavy metals (as Pb) Max. 20 ppm
Insolubility in hydrochloric acid Max. 50 ppm
Total N (Nitrogen) Max. 10 ppm
Cl (Chloride) Max. 50 ppm
SO4 (Sulphate) Max. 0,02 %
Al (Aluminium) Max. 50 ppm
Cu (Copper) Max. 5 ppm
Fe (Iron) Max. 10 ppm
K (Potassium) Max. 100 ppm
Mg (Magnesium) Max. 0,05 %
Na (Sodium) Max. 0,2 %
Pb (Lead) Max. 5 ppm
Sr (Strontium) Max. 0,1 %
Conforms to BDH 10068 Passes test 30
三、特殊等級試藥
此類試藥包括
極高純度試藥，如
E. Merck 之 Suprapur Reagents，Ultrapur Reagents，
J. T. Baker之ULTREX Ultrapure Reagents，
Mallinckrodt Chemicals 之 AR Select Plus, AR Select等，
RDH之PURANAL Reagents，
日本精密分析用之UGR級或SSG級，以及
容量分析用標準試藥，Primary Standard Reagents。
特殊用途試藥，如
J.T. Baker之PHOTREX Reagents，
E. Merck之Uvasol Reagents 等等，
通常此類藥品價格極為昂貴，做微量分析時，才須使用。
31
Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous, ULTREX Ultrapure Reagent
Certificate Provided Reports Actual Lot Analysis

Assay (Na2CO3) (dried basis) 100.0 %
Ammonium Hydroxide < 0.001 %
Precipitate
Loss on Drying at 285°C < 0.002 %
Particulate Matter < 0.001 % Lead (Pb) < 0.1
Non-Metallic Impurities (in ppm)(µg/g): Lithium (Li) 0.3
Arsenic (As) < 0.1 Magnesium (Mg) < 0.1
Halide (as Cl) <1 Manganese (Mn) < 0.1
Nitrogen Compounds (as N) <1 Mercury (Hg) < 0.1
Phosphate (PO4) <1 Molybdenum (Mo) < 0.1
Silicon (Si) 0.3 Nickel (Ni) 0.2
Sulfur Compounds (as SO4) < 0.1 Niobium (Nb) < 0.1
Metallic Impurities (in ppm)(µg/g): Potassium (K) 2.7
Aluminum (Al) < 0.1 Silver (Ag) < 0.1
Barium (Ba) < 0.1 Strontium (Sr) < 0.1
Bismuth (Bi) 2.0 Tin (Sn) < 0.1
Cadmium (Cd) < 0.1 Titanium (Ti) < 0.1
Calcium (Ca) 2.0 Vanadium (V) < 0.1
Chromium (Cr) < 0.1 Zinc (Zn) < 0.1
Cobalt (Co) < 0.1 Zirconium (Zr) < 0.1
Copper (Cu) < 0.1
Iron (Fe) < 0.1 For Laboratory, Research or Manufacturing Use 32
Hydrochloric acid, ULTREX II Ultrapure Reagent
Certificate Provided Reports Actual Lot Analysis

Assay (HCl)(w/w) 33 - 36 %
Trace Impurities in ppt (pg/g):
Aluminum (Al) max. 20 Europium (Eu) max. 1
Antimony (Sb) max. 20 Gadolinium (Gd) max. 1
Arsenic (As) max. 50 Gallium (Ga) max. 10
Barium (Ba) max. 10 Gold (Au) max. 100
Beryllium (Be) max. 10 Hafnium (Hf) max. 10
Bismuth (Bi) max. 10 Holmium (Ho) max. 1
Boron (B) max. 100 Indium (In) max. 1
Cadmium (Cd) max. 10 Iron (Fe) max. 20
Calcium (Ca) max. 20 Lanthanum (La) max. 1
Cerium (Ce) max. 10 Lead (Pb) max. 10
Cesium (Cs) max. 10 Lithium (Li) max. 10
Chromium (Cr) max. 20 Lutetium (Lu) max. 10
Cobalt (Co) max. 10 Magnesium (Mg) max. 10
Copper (Cu) max. 20 Manganese (Mn) max. 10
Dysprosium (Dy) max. 1 Mercury (Hg) max. 100
Erbium (Er) max. 1 Molybdenum (Mo) max. 10
33
Hydrochloric acid, ULTREX II Ultrapure Reagent
Neodymium (Nd) max. 1

Nickel (Ni) max. 50
Niobium (Nb) max. 1 Tellurium (Te) max. 1
Palladium (Pd) Actual Value Reported Terbium (Tb) max. 1
Thallium (Tl) max. 10
Platinum (Pt) Actual Value Reported
Thorium (Th) max. 1
Potassium (K) max. 10
Thulium (Tm) max. 1
Praseodymium (Pr) max. 1
Tin (Sn) max. 20
Rhenium (Re) max. 10
Titanium (Ti) max. 20
Rhodium (Rh) max. 10
Tungsten (W) max. 10
Rubidium (Rb) max. 10
Uranium (U) max. 1
Ruthenium (Ru) max. 10
Vanadium (V) max. 10
Samarium (Sm) max. 1
Ytterbium (Yb) max. 1
Scandium (Sc) max. 10
Yttrium (Y) max. 1
Selenium (Se) Actual Value Reported
Zinc (Zn) max. 20
Silver (Ag) max. 10
Zirconium (Zr) max. 10
Sodium (Na) max. 10
Strontium (Sr) max. 10
Tantalum (Ta) Actual Value Reported
34
Hydrochloric Acid, 36.5-38.0%, BAKER INSTRA-ANALYZED
Reagent

Assay (as HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 % Trace Impurities (in ppb):
(by acid-base titrn) Aluminum (Al) max. 10
Color (APHA) max. 10 Arsenic and Antimony (as As) max. 5
Residue after Ignition max. 3 ppm Barium (Ba) max. 1
Specific Gravity at 60°/60°F 1.185 - 1.192 Beryllium (Be) max. 1
Bismuth (Bi) max. 10
Bromide (Br) max. 0.005 %
Boron (B) max. 20
Extractable Organic max. 5 ppm
Substances Cadmium (Cd) max. 1
Calcium (Ca) max. 50
Free Chlorine (as Cl) max. 0.5 ppm
Chromium (Cr) max. 1
Trace Impurities (in ppm): Cobalt (Co) max. 1
Phosphate (PO4) max. 0.05 Copper (Cu) max. 1
Sulfate (SO4) max. 0.5 Gallium (Ga) max. 1
Sulfite (SO3) max. 0.8 Germanium (Ge) max. 3
Ammonium (NH4) max. 3 Gold (Au) max. 4
Arsenic (As) max. 0.01 Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 100
Iron (Fe) max. 15
Lead (Pb) max. 1 35
Hydrochloric Acid, 36.5-38.0%, BAKER INSTRA-ANALYZED
Reagent Lithium (Li) max. 1
Magnesium (Mg) max. 10
Manganese (Mn) max. 1
Mercury (Hg) max. 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo) max. 10
Nickel (Ni) max. 4
Niobium (Nb) max. 1
Selenium (Se) Actual Value Reported
Silicon (Si) max. 100
Silver (Ag) max. 1
Sodium (Na) max. 100
Tantalum (Ta) max. 1
Tin (Sn) max. 5
Titanium (Ti) max. 1
Vanadium (V) max. 1
Zinc (Zn) max. 5
Appearance (clear, fuming liquid)
For Laboratory, Research or Manufacturing Use 36
Hydrochloric Acid, 36.5-38.0%, BAKER ANALYZED ACS
Reagent
Meets A.C.S. Specifications Trace Impurities (in ppb):
Meets Reagent Specifications for testing Aluminum (Al) max. 100
USP/NF monographs Arsenic and Antimony (as As) max. 5
Appearance Passes Test Boron (B) max. 50
Assay (as HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 % Calcium (Ca) max. 200
(by acid-base titrn) Chromium (Cr) max. 100
Color (APHA) max. 10 Copper (Cu) max. 100
Extractable Organic max. 5 ppm Gold (Au) max. 100
Substances Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 100
Free Chlorine (as Cl) max. 1 ppm Iron (Fe) max. 100
Residue after Ignition max. 3 ppm Lead (Pb) max. 50
Specific Gravity at 1.185 - 1.192
60°/60°F Manganese (Mn) max. 300
Mercury (Hg) max. 5
Nickel (Ni) max. 100
Phosphate (PO4) max. 1
Sodium (Na) max. 300
Sulfate (SO4) max. 0.5 Tin (Sn) max. 300
Sulfite (SO3) max. 0.8 Titanium (Ti) max. 300
Ammonium (NH4) max. 3 Zinc (Zn) max. 100
37
Hydrochloric Acid, AR Select Plus
Assay (HCl) (by acidimetry) 30 - 38 %

Trace Impurities (in ppb):
Aluminum (Al) Actual Value Reported Iron (Fe) max. 5.0
Antimony (Sb) max. 0.5 Lead (Pb) max. 0.5
Arsenic (As) Actual Value Reported Lithium (Li) max. 0.5
Barium (Ba) max. 0.5 Magnesium (Mg) Actual Value Reported
Beryllium (Be) max. 0.5 Manganese (Mn) max. 0.5
Bismuth (Bi) max. 0.5 Mercury (Hg) max. 0.5
Cadmium (Cd) max. 0.5 Molybdenum (Mo) max. 0.5
Calcium (Ca) Actual Value Reported Nickel (Ni) max. 0.5
Cerium (Ce) max. 0.5 Niobium (Nb) max. 0.5
Cesium (Cs) max. 0.5 Palladium (Pd) max. 0.5
Chromium (Cr) max. 0.5 Platinum (Pt) max. 0.5
Cobalt (Co) max. 0.5 Potassium (K) Actual Value Reported
Copper (Cu) max. 0.5 Rhodium (Rh) max. 0.5
Gallium (Ga) max. 0.5 Rubidium (Rb) max. 0.5
Gold (Au) max. 0.5 Selenium (Se) Actual Value Reported
Indium (In) max. 0.5 Silver (Ag) max. 0.5
38
Hydrochloric Acid, AR Select Plus
Sodium (Na) Actual Value Reported

Strontium (Sr) max. 0.5
Thallium (Tl) max. 0.5
Thorium (Th) max. 0.5
Tin (Sn) max. 0.5
Titanium (Ti) max. 0.5
Tungsten (W) max. 0.5
Uranium (U) max. 0.5
Vanadium (V) max. 0.5
Yttrium (Y) max. 0.5
Zinc (Zn) max. 0.5
Zirconium (Zr) max. 0.5
Actual Concentrations of Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na may change over time.

Appearance (clear, colorless liquid)
For a Certificate of Lot Analysis, visit www.mallbaker.com.
39
Hydrochloric Acid, AR Select (ACS)
Meets ACS Requirements

Assay (HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 % Trace Impurities (in ppb):
Determine by Flame Photometry & ICP
Appearance Passes Test
Analytes for EPA 624 and 8260B max. 50
Ammonium (NH4) max. 3 ppm
Aluminum (Al) max. 10
Arsenic and Antimony (as As) max. 0.005 ppm Barium (Ba) max. 10
Beryllium (Be) max. 1
Bromide (Br) max. 0.005 % Bismuth (Bi) max. 10
Color (APHA) max. 10 Boron (B) max. 10
Extractable Organic Substances max. 5 ppm Cadmium (Cd) max. 1
* Calcium (Ca) max. 300
Free Chlorine (as Cl) max. 1 ppm Chromium (Cr) max. 4
Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 1 ppm Cobalt (Co) max. 1
Phosphate (PO4) max. 0.5 ppm Copper (Cu) max. 1
Gallium (Ga) max. 10
Residue after Ignition max. 5 ppm
Germanium (Ge) max. 5
Sulfate (SO4) max. 1 ppm
Gold (Au) max. 4
Sulfite (SO3) max. 1 ppm Iron (Fe) max. 50
40
Hydrochloric Acid, AR Select (ACS)
Lithium (Li) max. 5

Lead (Pb) max. 1
Manganese (Mn) max. 1
Mercury (Hg) max. 1
Molybdenum (Mo) max. 1
Nickel (Ni) max. 4
* Silicon (Si) max. 300
Silver (Ag) max. 5
* Sodium (Na) max. 500
Tin (Sn) max. 10
Vanadium (V) max. 5
Zinc (Zn) max. 20
* May change over time due to extraction from glass container.
41
Hydrochloric Acid, AR (ACS)
Meets ACS Requirements

Assay (HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 % Trace Impurities (in ppm):
Appearance Passes Test Aluminum (Al) max. 0.3
Color (APHA) max. 10 Boron (B) max. 0.1
Chromium (Cr) max. 0.2
Copper (Cu) max. 0.1
Arsenic (As) max. 0.005 ppm
Gold (Au) max. 0.1
Iron (Fe) max. 0.1
Extractable Organic max. 5 ppm
Substances Lead (Pb) max. 0.1
Magnesium (Mg) max. 0.3
Free Chlorine (as Cl) max. 1 ppm
Manganese (Mn) max. 0.3
Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 0.1 ppm
Nickel (Ni) max. 0.1
Residue after Ignition max. 4 ppm Potassium (K) max. 0.3
Sulfate (SO4) max. 0.5 ppm Tin (Sn) max. 0.3
Sulfite (SO3) max. 0.8 ppm Titanium (Ti) max. 0.3
Zinc (Zn) max. 0.1
42
Hydrochloric Acid, NF, FCC, ACS
Meets F.C.C. Specifications

Assay (HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 %
GMP Manufactured Product (by acidimetry)
Meets N.F. Specifications Color Passes Test
Assay (HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 % Baume Degrees 22.7 - 23.4
(by acidimetry) Identification Passes Test
Iron (Fe) max 5 mg/kg
Bromide or Iodide Passes Test Lead (Pb) max 1 mg/kg
Free Bromine or Chlorine Passes Test Nonvolatile Residue max. 0.5 %
Heavy Metals max. 5 ppm Organic Compounds:
Identification Passes Test Total Organic Compounds:
Non-Fluorine max. 5
Residue on Ignition max. 0.008 %
Containing(mg/kg)
Sulfate (NF)(SO4) Passes Test Benzene (mg/kg) max. 0.05
Sulfite (NF)(SO3) Passes Test Fluorinated Organic max. 25
Compounds(mg/kg)
Oxidizing Substances max. 0.003 %
Reducing Substances max. 0.007 %
Specific Gravity 1.1856 - 1.1924
Sulfate (FCC)(SO4) max. 0.5 %
43
Hydrochloric Acid, NF, FCC, ACS
Assay (HCl) 36.5 - 38.0 %
(by acidimetry)
Arsenic (As) max. 0.01 ppm
Color max. 10
Extractable Organic Substances max. 5 ppm
Free Chlorine (as Cl) max. 1 ppm

Heavy Metals (as Pb) max. 1 ppm
Iron (Fe) max. 0.2 ppm
Residue after Ignition max. 5 ppm
Sulfate (SO4) max. 1 ppm
Sulfite (SO3) max. 1 ppm
Appearance Passes Test

Hydrazine max. 0.00001 %
44
100318 Hydrochloric acid 30% ( 鹽酸 30% ), Suprapur®
規格
Assay (acidimetric) ≥ 30.0 %
Colour ≤ 10 Hazen
Bromide (Br) ≤ 10 ppm Fe (Iron) ≤ 5.0 ppb Sr (Strontium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Free chlorine (Cl) ≤ 300 ppb Ga (Gallium) ≤ 0.5 ppb Ti (Titanium) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 10 ppb Ge (Germanium) ≤ 10.0 ppb Tl (Thallium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Sulphate (SO4) ≤ 300 ppb Hg (Mercury) ≤ 2.0 ppb V (Vanadium) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Sulfite (SO3) ≤ 500 ppb In (Indium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Zn (Zinc) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Ag (Silver) ≤ 1.0 ppb K (Potassium) ≤ 10.0 ppb
Zr (Zirconium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 1.0 ppb Li (Lithium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Residue on ignition (as
As (Arsenic) ≤ 1.0 ppb Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 2.0 ppb sulphate) ≤ 2 ppm
Au (Gold) ≤ 1.0 ppb Mn (Manganese) ≤ 0.5 ppb Actual analysis values are subject to
Ba (Barium) ≤ 1.0 ppb Mo (Molybdenum) ≤ 0.5 ppb unavoidable systematic variations in
Be (Beryllium) ≤ 1.0 ppb NH4 (Ammonium) ≤ 500 ppb this concentration range
Bi (Bismuth) ≤ 1.0 ppb Na (Sodium) ≤ 10.0 ppb
The actual values are subject to
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 5.0 ppb Ni (Nickel) ≤ 1.0 ppb unavoidable systematic
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 0.5 ppb Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.5 ppb variations in this concentration range.
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 1.0 ppb Pt (Platinum) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 1.0 ppb Sb (Antimony) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Cu (Copper) ≤ 1.0 ppb Sn (Tin) ≤ 1.0 ppb
45
100318 Hydrochloric acid 30% ( 鹽酸 30% ), Ultrapur®
規格
Assay (acidimetric) ≥ 30.0 % Sb (Antimony) ≤ 100 ppt
Hg (Mercury) ≤ 50 ppt
Ag (Silver) ≤ 100 ppt Sc (Scandium) ≤ 20 ppt
Ho (Holmium) ≤ 20 ppt
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 100 ppt Se (Selenic) ≤ 200 ppt
In (Indium) ≤ 50 ppt
As (Arsenic) ≤ 100 ppt Si (Silicon) ≤ 1000 ppt
K (Potassium) ≤ 500 ppt
Au (Gold) ≤ 100 ppt Sm (Samarium) ≤ 20 ppt
La (Lanthanum) ≤ 20 ppt
B (Boron) ≤ 100 ppt Sn (Tin) ≤ 200 ppt
Li (Lithium) ≤ 50 ppt
Ba (Barium) ≤ 50 ppt Sr (Strontium) ≤ 50 ppt
Lu (Lutetium) ≤ 20 ppt
Be (Beryllium) ≤ 50 ppt Ta (Tantalum) ≤ 100 ppt
Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 100 ppt
Bi (Bismuth) ≤ 50 ppt Tb (Terbium) ≤ 20 ppt
Mn (Manganese) ≤ 50 ppt
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 500 ppt Te (Tellur) ≤ 100 ppt
Mo (Molybdenum) ≤ 50 ppt
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 50 ppt Th (Thorium) ≤ 1 ppt
Na (Sodium) ≤ 200 ppt
Ce (Cerium) ≤ 20 ppt Ti (Titanium) ≤ 50 ppt
Nb (Niobium) ≤ 20 ppt
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 100 ppt
Nd (Neodymium) ≤ 20 ppt Tl (Thallium) ≤ 50 ppt
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 50 ppt
Ni (Nickel) ≤ 200 ppt Tm (Thulium) ≤ 20 ppt
Cu (Copper) ≤ 100 ppt
Pb (Lead) ≤ 50 ppt U (Uranium) ≤ 1 ppt
Dy (Dysprosium) ≤ 20 ppt
Pd (Palladium) ≤ 100 ppt V (Vanadium) ≤ 50 ppt
Er (Erbium) ≤ 20 ppt
Pr (Praseodym) ≤ 20 ppt W (Wolfram) ≤ 100 ppt
Eu (Europium) ≤ 20 ppt
Pt (Platinum) ≤ 50 ppt Y (Yttrium) ≤ 10 ppt
Fe (Iron) ≤ 500 ppt
Rb (Rubidium) ≤ 20 ppt Yb (Ytterbium) ≤ 20 ppt
Ga (Gallium) ≤ 50 ppt
Re (Rhenium) ≤ 10 ppt Zn (Zinc) ≤ 200 ppt
Gd (Gadolinium) ≤ 20 ppt
Ru (Ruthenium) ≤ 20 ppt Zr (Zirconium) ≤ 20 ppt 46
Hf(Hafnium) ≤ 10 ppt
100318 Hydrochloric acid 32% ( 鹽酸 32% )
for analysis EMSURE®
規格 Ga (Gallium) ≤ 0.05 ppm

Assay (alkalimetric) ≥ 32.0 % Ge (Germanium) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Colour ≤ 10 Hazen Hg (Mercury) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Bromide (Br) ≤ 50 ppm In (Indium) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Free chlorine (Cl) ≤ 0.5 ppm K (Potassium) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 0.5 ppm Li (Lithium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Sulphate (SO4) ≤ 1 ppm Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Sulfite (SO3) ≤ 1 ppm Mn (Manganese) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Ag (Silver) ≤ 0.05 ppm Mo (Molybdenum) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 0.05 ppm NH4 (Ammonium) ≤ 1 ppm
As (Arsenic) ≤ 0.01 ppm Na (Sodium) ≤ 0.2 ppm
Au (Gold) ≤ 0.05 ppm Ni (Nickel) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Ba (Barium) ≤ 0.02 ppm Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Be (Beryllium) ≤ 0.02 ppm Pt (Platinum) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Bi (Bismuth) ≤ 0.02 ppm Sr (Strontium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 0.2 ppm Ti (Titanium) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 0.01 ppm Tl (Thallium) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 0.01 ppm V (Vanadium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 0.02 ppm Zn (Zinc) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.02 ppm Zr (Zirconium) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.1 ppm Residue on ignition (as SO4) ≤ 5 ppm
47
100313 Hydrochloric acid 32% ( 鹽酸 32% )
extra pure
規格
Assay (alkalimetric) ≥ 32 %
Identity passes test
Bromide, Iodide (Br,I) passes test
Free chlorine (Cl) ≤ 0.0001 %
Sulphate (SO4) ≤ 0.0005 %
Sulfite (SO3) ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic) ≤ 0.0001 %
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.0002 %
Residual solvents (Ph. Eur./ICH) ...excluded by production process
Evaporation residue ≤ 0.01 %

Expiry date : see product label
48
試藥純度
N.F., Multi-Compendial
extra pure NF, FCC, ACS BAKER
C.P.
for analysis EMSURE
for analysis EMSURE AR (ACS) BAKER ANALYZED ACS

ACS, ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
Suprapur AR Select (ACS) BAKER INSTRA-ANALYZED
Ultrapur AR Select Plus ULTREX Ultrapure
49
選購試藥規格時，應依實驗性質或用途來決定，相同
規格但品牌不同時，價格之差異常很大，不同的實驗
室有其不同的試藥使用經驗與傳統可遵循。由於市面
上膺品太多（尤其是日本製試藥），標示不實的情形，
時常發生，購買試藥時，應指定信用可靠的品牌及代
理商，以減少困擾。
50
107298 Hydrogen peroxide 30% ( 過氧化氫 30% )
H2O2 Suprapur®
規格
Assay (manganometric) ≥ 30.0 %
In (Indium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Free acid (as H2SO4) ≤ 30 ppm
Total nitrogen (N) ≤ 3 ppm K (Potassium) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 300 ppb Li (Lithium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 500 ppb Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Sulphate (SO4) ≤ 500 ppb Mn (Manganese) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Ag (Silver) ≤ 0.5 ppb Mo (Molybdenum) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 1.0 ppb Na (Sodium) ≤ 1.0 ppb
As (Arsenic) ≤ 1.0 ppb Ni (Nickel) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Au (Gold) ≤ 0.5 ppb Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Ba (Barium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Sb (Antimony) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Be (Beryllium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Sn (Tin) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Bi (Bismuth) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 30 ppb Sr (Strontium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 0.5 ppb Ti (Titanium) ≤ 5 ppb
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 0.5 ppb Tl (Thallium) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 0.5 ppb V (Vanadium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.5 ppb Zn (Zinc) ≤ 1.0 ppb
Fe (Iron) ≤ 1.0 ppb Zr (Zirconium) ≤ 0.5 ppb
Ga (Gallium) ≤ 0.5 ppb The actual values are subject to unavoidable systematic
Ge (Germanium) ≤ 0.5 ppb variations in this concentration range.
Hg (Mercury) ≤ 1 ppb 51
(Perhydrol®) for analysis EMSURE® ISO
規格
Ge (Germanium) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Colour ≤ 10 Hazen
K (Potassium) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Free acid (as H2SO4) ≤ 40 ppm
Li (Lithium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.5 ppm
Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 1 ppm
Mn (Manganese) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Sulphate (SO4) ≤ 1 ppm
Mo (Molybdenum) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Total nitrogen (N) ≤ 4 ppm
Na (Sodium) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 0.5 ppm
Ni (Nickel) ≤ 0.02 ppm
As (Arsenic) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Ba (Barium) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Sr (Strontium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Be (Beryllium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Ti (Titanium) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Bi (Bismuth) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Tl (Thallium) ≤ 0.05 ppm
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 0.2 ppm
V (Vanadium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Zn (Zinc) ≤ 0.020 ppm
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 0.01 ppm
Zr (Zirconium) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Non volatile matter ≤ 50 ppm
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.01 ppm
ISO-reagent
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.05 ppm 52
(Perhydrol®) (stabilized for higher storage temperature)
for analysis EMSURE® ISO
規格
Colour ≤ 10 Hazen
Free acid (as sulphuric acid) ≤ 40 ppm
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.5 ppm
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 5 ppm
Sulphate (SO4) ≤ 2 ppm
Total nitrogen (N) ≤ 4 ppm
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.1 ppm
Ni (Nickel) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Zn (Zinc) ≤ 0.02 ppm
Non volatile matter ≤ 50 ppm
ISO-Reagent
53
stabilized, suitable for use as excipient EMPROVE® exp
Ph Eur,BP,USP
規格
Assay (manganometric) 29.0 - 31.0 %
Identity passes test
Acidity
- according to Ph Eur passes test
- according to USP passes test
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.005 %
Phosphate (PO4) ≤ 0.05 %
As (Arsenic) ≤ 0.0003 %
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.002 %
Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.001 %
Pd (Palladium) ≤ 0.0001 %
Pt (Platinum) ≤ 0.0001 %
Zn (Zinc) ≤ 0.002 %
Residual solvents (Ph.Eur./USP/ICH) ...excluded by production process
Organic stabilizers ≤ 0.045 %
Non volatile matter (105 °C) ≤ 0.018 %
Corresponds to Ph Eur, BP, USP
54
Contains 0,015 % Na2H2P2O7, 0,01 % H3PO4, 0,006 % NH4NO3 as preservatives.
(stabilized) for synthesis
規格
Assay (manganometric) 29.0 - 31.0 %
Density (d 20/4) 1.11 - 1.12 g/cm3
55
Hydrogen Peroxide, 30%, ULTREX II Ultrapure Reagent
Meets A.C.S. Ultratrace Specifications
Certificate Provided Reports Actual Lot Analysis Copper (Cu) max. 50
Assay (H2O2) 25.0 - 35.0 % Gallium (Ga) max. 1000
Appearance Passes Test Iron (Fe) max. 100
Free Acid (µeq/g) max. 0.5 Lead (Pb) max. 100
Trace Impurities (in ppm): Lithium (Li) max. 50
Ammonium (NH4) max. 5 Magnesium (Mg) max. 50
Chloride (Cl) max. 1 Manganese (Mn) max. 50
Nitrate (NO3) max. 2 Mercury (Hg) max. 1000
Phosphate (PO4) max. 2 Molybdenum (Mo) max. 1000
Sulfate (SO4) max. 5 Nickel (Ni) max. 50
Trace Impurities (in ppt): Potassium (K) max. 100
Aluminum (Al) max. 100 Silicon (Si) max. 5000
Antimony (Sb) max. 1000 Silver (Ag) max. 50
Arsenic (As) max. 1000 Sodium (Na) max. 100
Barium (Ba) max. 50 Strontium (Sr) max. 50
Beryllium (Be) max. 1000 Tin (Sn) max. 50
Bismuth (Bi) max. 1000 Titanium (Ti) max. 1000
Boron (B) max. 1000 Vanadium (V) max. 1000
Cadmium (Cd) max. 50 Zinc (Zn) max. 50
Calcium (Ca) max. 100
Chromium (Cr) max. 50
56
Cobalt (Co) max. 50
Hydrogen Peroxide, 30%, BAKER ANALYZED ACS Reagent
Exceeds A.C.S. Specifications
Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs
Assay (H2O2) 30.0 - 32.0 %
Color (APHA) max. 10
Residue after Evaporation max. 0.002 %
Titrable Acid (meq/g) max. 0.0006
Chloride (Cl) max. 3
Nitrate (NO3) max. 2
Phosphate (PO4) max. 2
Sulfate (SO4) max. 5
Ammonium (NH4) max. 5
Trace Impurities (in ppb):
Copper (Cu) max. 50
Iron (Fe) max. 100
Lead (Pb) max. 100
Nickel (Ni) max. 50
57
Hydrogen Peroxide, 30%, BAKER
Formerly C.P.
Assay (H2O2) 29.0 - 32.0 %

Nitrogen Compounds (as N) max. 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO4) max. 0.001 %
Chloride (Cl) max. 5
Iron (Fe) max. 0.5

For a Certificate of Lot Analysis, visit www.mallbaker.com.
58
常用實驗器材簡介
量筒
燒杯
Graduated cylinder
Beaker
59
滴管
Pasteur pipette，
Dropping pipette,
or Dropper
刻度吸管容積吸管或定量吸管
Graduated pipette Volumetric pipettes
(TD, to deliver) (TD, to deliver)
60
Typical pipets:
(a) volumetric pipet,
(b) Mohr pipet,
(c) serological pipet,
(d) Eppendorf micropipette,
(e) Ostwald-Folin pipet,
(f) lambda pipet.
61
62
63
三閥的安全吸球單閥(孔)的安全吸球
A
玻璃珠
S
E
矽膠
安全吸球
Safety bulbs
64
三閥的安全吸球單閥(孔)的安全吸球
將吸球輕放至吸管上
插緊吸管
65
普通漏斗
Common funnel
三角瓶或錐形瓶
Erlenmeyer flask or
Conical flask (定)量瓶
Volumetric flask
(TC, to contain)
66
Thick-walled tubing
Buchner funnel
To water aspirator
or
Vacuum line
Suction bottle or Trap bottle

Filtration flask
67
Connecting
L-tube
125-mL Rubber
Separatory tubing
funnel
Leaching
solution Rubber
stopper
Stop cork
Leaching
column
Leaching
Soil sample
column
Separatory Sintered
glass plate
funnel Celite
Connecting
L-tube
250-mL
Erlenmeyer
flask
Leachate
68
Leaching apparatus for the determination of CEC.
Connecting
L-tube
在組合、拆卸、及淋洗操作過程 125-mL Rubber
Separatory tubing
中應盡量避免使土壤管柱受到過 funnel
多的振動，尤應避免以外力(如拆
卸裝置、真空抽氣等)強迫淋洗。 Leaching
solution Rubber
stopper
Stop
cork
Leaching
column
Soil
sample
Sintered
Celite glass plate
Connecting
L-tube
Figure 5-3. Modification of the 250-mL
leaching apparatus of Erlenmeyer
flask
Schollenberger and Simon. Leachate
69
Sintered
glass
plate
250-mL
Erlenmeyer
flask
Leaching
column
Rubber
125-mL tubing
Separatory
funnel
Rubber Two
stoppers Connecting
L-tubes
70
Construction
of the
Fixation of assembly
column
Begin to
leaching
Addition
of Celite
and soil
71

課程說明、SI國際單位介紹、試藥與器材使用說明

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課程說明、SI國際單位介紹、試藥與器材使用說明

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Unit 0 of the Soil Chemical Analysis

(abbreviated SI from French: Le Système International d'Unités)

amount of substance mole mol

absorbed dose, gray Gy J· kg-1 m2· s-2

2.29 P 31.0 P2O5 141.9 0.437

1.20 K 39.1 K2O 94.2 0.830

1.40 Ca 40.1 CaO 56.1 0.715

1.66 Mg 24.3 MgO 40.3 0.603

⼀、分析級試藥（Analytical grade chemicals）

Merck KGaA http://www.merck-chemicals.com.tw/

Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.

'Baker Analyzed' Reagent：J. T. Baker試藥級。

Loss on drying (300 °C) ≤ 1.0 % 25

Product Information (not specifications):

For Laboratory, Research or Manufacturing Use 27

Certificate Provided Reports Actual Lot Analysis

Certificate Provided Reports Actual Lot Analysis

Neodymium (Nd) max. 1

Meets A.C.S. Specifications

Assay (HCl) (by acidimetry) 30 - 38 %

Sodium (Na) Actual Value Reported

Actual Concentrations of Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na may change over time.

Meets ACS Requirements

Lithium (Li) max. 5

Meets ACS Requirements

Meets F.C.C. Specifications

Free Chlorine (as Cl) max. 1 ppm

Appearance Passes Test

規格 Ga (Gallium) ≤ 0.05 ppm

Evaporation residue ≤ 0.01 %

for analysis EMSURE

for analysis EMSURE AR (ACS) BAKER ANALYZED ACS

Suprapur AR Select (ACS) BAKER INSTRA-ANALYZED

Ultrapur AR Select Plus ULTREX Ultrapure

Assay (H2O2) 29.0 - 32.0 %

For Laboratory, Research or Manufacturing Use

Suction bottle or Trap bottle

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