TOPIC T1

2 LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ND

TUTORIAL 2

1 An electric motor of 5 kW is subjected to a brake test for 1 hour. The heat

created by friction in the process is being transmitted to the surroundings which
are at a temperature of 22oC. Determine the resulting change in entropy.
{61 kJ/K}

2 Estimate the decrease in available energy and the increase in entropy when
22.8 kg of water at 94oC is mixed with 31.8 kg of water at 39oC. The temperature
of the surroundings are 16oC. Specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 kJ kg-1K-1.
{223.7 kJ, 0.774 kJ kg-1K-1}

3 A mass of water m at T1 is mixed adiabatically at constant pressure with an

identical mass of water at T2 (T1 > T2). Show that the change in entropy is

𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇2
2 𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑐 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � 2 �
�𝑇𝑇1 ∙ 𝑇𝑇2

4 The moment of inertia of a fly wheel is 5.05 kg m2 and rotates at a speed of

3000 rpm in a heat insulated system the temperature of which is 16oC. If its
kinetic energy is dissipated as frictional heat to bearing of heat capacity
7.6 kJ K-1. Find the temperature rise of the bearings. If now the greatest
possible amount of this heat is returned as high grade energy to the flywheel at
what speed would it rotate? What relationship exists between the unavailable
energy and the increase in entropy of the universe due to the irreversible
conversion of mechanical work to heat at the bearings?
{32.8oC, 691 rpm, unavailable energy 236 kJ}

5 A gas whose internal energy is independent of the volume has an equation of

state
𝑑𝑑
𝑝𝑝 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇 �1 + �
𝑣𝑣

Where d is a constant. Show that the entropy change of the gas between states
1 and 2 is
𝑇𝑇2
𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣2 1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑅𝑅 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � � − 𝑅𝑅 𝑑𝑑 � − �
𝑇𝑇1 𝑇𝑇 𝑣𝑣1 𝑣𝑣2 𝑣𝑣1