MEC 220T –QUALITY INSPECTION & PRODUCT VALIDATION

Module 9: Machine Tool Metrology

Siva Prasad AVS,

219 – D, Laboratory Building.
avs@iiitdm.ac.in
Machine Tool Metrology – Acceptance Tests
• Tests for ensuring levelling of machine tool in both horizontal and vertical planes

• Tests for flatness of machine bed and straightness as well as parallelism of bed ways and bearing surfaces

• Tests for perpendicularity of guideways with respect to other guideways or bearing surfaces

• Tests for true running of the machine spindle and its axial movements

• Tests for assessing of spindle axis to guideways or bearing surfaces

• Tests for line movements for slides, cross–slides, and carriages

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness
Surface of a plate whose flatness is to be tested

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness
Surface of a plate whose flatness is to be tested

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Cylindricity

• Radial runout

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Machine Tool Metrology
• Straightness

• Parallelism

• Flatness

• Roundness

• Cylindricity

• Squareness

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Alignment Tests on Lathe

Levelling of Machine

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Alignment Tests on Lathe

True running of locating Axial slip of main spindle and True running of headstock
cylinder of main spindle true running of shoulder face centre
of spindle nose

Parallelism of main spindle True running of taper socket

in main spindle
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Alignment Tests on Lathe

Parallelism of tailstock guideways Parallelism of main spindle to saddle movement

Checking axial slip of the lead screw

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Alignment Tests on Milling Machine

Axial Slip of Spindle True running of a spindle Parallelism of the work

taper table to the spindle axis

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Alignment Tests on Milling Machine

Parallelism of table Parallelism of T- slots with Squareness of T- slots with

movement to spindle axis table movement Spindle

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Alignment Tests on Milling Machine

Squareness of table with

Flatness testing
the spindle axis

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Flexible Inspection System

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Machine Vision
• Enables automated vision and inspection of the part.

• Data acquisition in the form of images and further processing and interpretation.

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Precision Instrumentation Based on Laser Principles

• Laser being monochromatic, coherent and collimated is used in most of the optical systems.

• Laser, interferometer, receiver and reflector are the main components of a laser based measurement system.

• A double frequency He – Ne laser source is used normally. One frequency of light is used as a measurement
beam, while the other serves as a reference beam.

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Co–ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
• Measures dimensions along all the three orthogonal axes simultaneously. Orthogonality between surfaces can also be
checked simultaneously.

• Multiple features can be simultaneously inspected.

• Flexibility in measurement – no need of special accessories, jigs and fixtures.

• Whenever inspection needs to be carried out in a fully automated environment, CMM can meet the requirements quite easily.

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Co–ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)

Moving lever
Moving Column Type
arm Cantilever
Bridge Type
Type

The choice of machine is decided by the work envelope.

Laser Interferometers can be integrated with any one or all of the axes for precise
measurements.

Moving ram
horizontal arm Type 22 type
Gantry
Co–ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) – Details
CMMs can be manual, semi – automated or completely computer controlled.

Probe: It can be of contact type or non – contact type. Non – contact type uses light beam stylus.

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