APPRAISAL

Coastal Sea Passage

 Avail. & reliability of Charts &
Publications
 Position fixing
 Minimum Depth required
 Tides – Heights & Streams
 Navigational hazards
 Vessel characteristics
 Cargo considerations
 Routeing Schemes
 Deep water routes
 Reporting systems
 Weather and Nav Wx service
 Contingencies
 Are the required charts onboard?
 Is the Scale large enough?
 Is it the latest Edition?
 Are the charts corrected up to date?
 Source data
 Datum - WGS 84
 Paper distortion
 Sounding frequency
 Corrections – how often?
 INCIDENT
 The jack-up barge Octopus was being towed
from Kirkwall to Seal Skerry Bay in the Orkney
Islands by the tug Harald.

 The tug and tow altered their route to pass to the

west of Little Green Holm Island, due to the
strong tidal streams experienced during the
passage, a route not usually used by deep
draught vessels.
 Asthe tug and tow rounded
the south of Little Green
Holm Island the barge,
draught of 13m, grounded
on an uncharted bank of
7.1m.
 The Admiralty chart for the area
indicated a depth of greater
than 20m with the closest
sounding indicating a depth of
26m.
 The source data diagram on the
chart indicated that the area
was last surveyed, by leadline,
in the 1840s.
 Charts
 Int.Code of Signals
 IAMSAR Vol. III
 Mariners’ Handbook
 M – Notices
 NtMs (Weekly & Annual)
 Lists of Radio Signals
 Lists of Lights
 Almanac
 Tide Tables
 Tide Stream Atlases
 Ops. Instructions for
Navaids
 Published by whom?
 Corrections – how often?
 Can I trust that the information
provided is accurate?
 Routeing charts
 IMO Ship Routeing guide.
 Sailing Directions (Pilot Books)
 Ocean Passages of the World
(NP136)
 Stability load data
 Radio Nav. Warning – WWNWS
 Guides – Tanker/Bulk etc.
 How will the ships position be
fixed?
 Why is this important?
 What to look for?
 Primary & Secondary methods.
 What is my maximum draught?
 What will cause this to increase on
passage?
 What clearance do I require?
 What is the minimum charted depth
required on passage?
 Where is the information?
 When is HW & LW?
 What is the Rate and Set of the
tidal stream?
 Where do I get this information?
 How does it affect my passage
plan?
 Chartassessment
 What are you looking for?
◦ Depths
◦ Wrecks, rocks, reefs & shoals.
◦ Rips
◦ Magnetic anomalies
◦ Recreation areas
◦ Crossing traffic
◦ Prohibited areas
• Condition
• Age & state
• Stability
• Equipment
• Operational limitations
• Manoeuvrability
• Turning
• Stopping
• Any other restrictions
• Maintenance
 Type
◦ Special characteristics
 Ventilation
 Hold preparation
 Tank cleaning
 Monitoring of..
◦ Protection from the sea
◦ Lashing checks – access to
 Are there any mandatory
schemes?
 Who to call?
 When to call (Position)?
 What VHF channel?
 What information is required?
 Which station is available?
 Sat C, Navtex or VHF?
 Times of reports?
 VHF channels?
Engine or Steering failure
◦Can the ship drift safely?
◦Is the depth suitable for anchoring?
◦Will the ship be in a traffic lane or clear?

Failure of navigational equipment

◦Is a Secondary means of position fixing
available?