\ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿

254
 255

\ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿
apJ-hpc
""\ΩpsS am\p-joI _e-lo-\X hy‡-ambn km£o-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-en-√m-Xn-cns°
hmb-\-°m-cpsS lyZ-bsØ ZpxJn-∏n-°p∂ At\Iw Imcy-߃ \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v. F¶nepw
ssZhoI A\p-I-º-bp-tSbpw Zo¿L-£-a-bp-sSbpw hy‡-amb AS-bm-f-ßfpw CXn-ep-≠v... CXnse sNdnb c£-I-
cpsS PohnXw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp {]tXyI Ime-b-f-hn¬ am{X-a√ Ft∂-°p-ambn ]cn-]q¿Æ D≤m-cWw
\evIp-hm≥ {]m]vX-\m-b, \njvI-f-¶\pw t{ijvT-\p-amb Hcp c£-Is‚ Bh-iy-IX Cu B[p-\nI Ime-L-´-Øn¬
D≈-Xmbn shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p.''
B¿X¿ C. I≥Um¬

I. It\m\nse {]tXyI ÿm\w tXme F∂ t]cns‚ A¿∞w ]pgp F∂m-Wv(10:1).

am\p-jnI _e-lo-\X - b - n¬ ]I-cs- ∏-Sp∂ ssZh-i‡ - n-
sb-°p-dn-®mWv BI¿j-Wo-b-ambn Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ""⁄m\n-Isf e÷n-∏n-∏m≥ ssZhw
temI-Øn¬ t`mj-Xz-am-bXp Xnc-s™-SpØp; _e-ap-≈-
Xns\ e÷n-∏n-∏m≥ ssZhw temI-Øn¬ _e-lo-\-am-
bXp Xnc-s™-SpØp. D≈-Xns\ C√m-bva-bm-°p-hm≥
ssZhw temI-Øn¬ Ipe-lo-\hpw \nIr-jvS-am-bXpw
GXp-an-√m-ØXpw Xnc-s™-SpØp ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ Hcp
PUhpw {]iw-kn-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\p Xs∂''(1 sImcn
1:27-˛29). hmkvX-h-Øn¬, Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ
Cu aq∂p hmIy-ß-fpsS hymJym-\-amWv \ymbm-[n-]∑m-
cpsS ]pkvXIw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, GlqZv CS-¶-ø-\mb
Hcp _\ym-ao-\y-\m-bn-cp-∂p(5:12-˛30) CS-Xp-Iøv he-Xp-I-
tø-°mƒ i‡n Ipd-™-Xm-W-t√m. AwKo-Im-c-an-√mØ
Hcp Bbp-[a - mb Hcp apSn-t¶m¬ sIm≠v iw¶¿ 600 i{Xp-
°sf sIm∂p (3:31) sZt_mc X∂n¬Xs∂ _e-lo-\-
b-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Xm≥ Hcp kv{Xobm-bn-cp∂p (4:1-5:31).
am\p- j n- I - a mbn Nn¥n- ° p- t ºmƒ kosk- c - b p- s S900
Ccpºp cY-ß-fpsS apºn¬ _mcm-°ns‚ 10,000 Imemƒ
]S-Iƒ H∂p-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p(4:10,13). bmtb¬ Hcp kvXobm-
bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Hcp Ip‰n-sN-∂n°v ASn-®p-I-b‰n kok-
csb sIm∂p(4:21). Ahƒ CS-Xp-I-øn-em-bn-cp∂p Ip‰n-
]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂-Xv(5:26, sk]v‰Pn‚ v `mjm-¥-cw). 32,000 ]S-
P-\-Øn¬ \n∂v ssZhw Ipds®SpØ 300 t]c-S-ßp∂
]S- b p- a mbn KnZ- t bm≥ i{Xp- s sk- \ y- Ø n- s \- X nsc
sN∂p(7:1˛8). Zcn-{Z-cpsS Blm-c-ambbh-Ø∏w Zmcn-{Z-
tØbpw _e-lo-\-X-tbbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p(7:13). ]c-
º- c m- K - X - a - √ mØ Bbp- [ - ß - f m- b n- c p∂p KnZ- t bms‚
ssk\y-Øn-t‚Xv; a¨Ip-S-ß-fpw, ]¥-hpw, Iml-f-ß-
fpw(7:16). B a¨Ip-S-ß-sf√mw DS-bvt°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p(7:19). Hcp kv{Xo Xncn-I√ - ns‚ ]n≈ Xe-bn¬ X≈n-
bn-´-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p A_o-a-te°v acn-®Xv (9:53).
inwtims‚ amXm- h ns\ t]cn- √ mØ a®n- b mb Hcp
kv{Xobm-bn-´mWv \mw ImWp-∂Xv (13:2).-Iq-SmsX Hcp
Igp-X-bpsS ]®-Xm-Sn-tbm-√p-sIm≠v inwtim≥ 1000
s^en-kvXysc sIm∂p(-15:15).
II. {KŸ-I¿ØrXzw
\ymb-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvXI cN-bn-Xm-hns\ Ipdn®v
hy‡-amb Adn-hn-s√-¶nepw, BZn-a-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS
]c-º-cm-KX hnizm-k-{]-Im-chpw blqZ X¬aqZv A\p-
k-cn-®pw, \ymbm-[n-]∑
- m¿, cqØv, iap-th¬ F∂o ]pkvI-
߃ Fgp-Xn-bXv iap-th-em-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. {]hm-
N-I≥ Hcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\m-sW∂v 1 iap 10:25˛¬ Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ap≥ Bi-bsØ ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂p. am{X-a-
√, iap-th-ens‚ Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv CsX-gp-X-s∏´Xv F
∂v CXnse B¥-cnI sXfn-hp-Ifpw shfn-s∏-SpØp-∂p.
III. Fgp-Xnb Imew
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ cmP-Io-b-amb `c-W-
Im-e-L-´-Øns‚ a≤y \q‰m-≠n-emWv (1050˛1000 B.C )
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvXIw Fgp-X-s∏-´Xv F∂v A\p-
am-\n-°p-∂p.
H∂m-a-Xmbn ""A°m-e-Øn¬ bn{k-tb-en¬ cmPm-hn-
√m-bn-cp∂p(17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25)F∂ Bh¿Øn-®p≈
ssien Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xs-- ∏-Sp∂ ka-bØv bn{k-
tb-en¬ cmPm-hn-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
c≠m-a-Xm-bn, 1:21˛¬ b_q-ky¿ sbcp-i-te-an¬ D≠m-
bn-cp∂p F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv ZmhoZv B ]´WsØ
]nSn-®-S-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp≈ Hcp ka-bsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂p. Ah-km-\-am-bn, 1:29-˛¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ sKsk¿,
]n¬°m-eØv ^dthm cmPmhv item-tam\v hnhml
kΩm- \ - a mbn \¬In- b - X n- \ m¬ Cu kw`- h - Ø n\p
ap≥]p≈ Hcp Xob-Xn-bmWv A\p-tbm-Py-am-bXv. AXn-
256 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿
\m¬ iuens‚ `c-W-Im-etam Zmho-Zns‚ `c-W-Øns‚
Bcw` h¿j-ß-fntem Bbn-cn°mw Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-
X-s∏-´-Xv.
IV. ]›mØ-ehpw {]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-j-bhpw
tbmip-h-bpsS Xe-ap-d-Iƒ acn® tij-ap≈ bn{k-
tb¬ PmXn-bpsS Ncn{Xw hnh-cn-°p-∂-XmWv \ymbm-[n-]-
∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-Iw. I\m-\n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ PmXn-Isf
]q¿Æ-ambn \in-∏n-°p∂Xn¬ P\w ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. kXy-
Øn¬ bn{km-tb¬ P\w PmXn-I-fp-ambn CS-I-e-cp-Ibpw
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ ]cn-io-en-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp XXv^-e-am-bn,
PmXo-b-cmb ]oU-I-cpsS Iøn-¬ ssZhw ]e-X-hW
bn{km-tb-ens\ Gev]n®p Cu Zmky-th-e- \n-anØw bn{k-
tb¬ a\w Xncn-™p. A\p-Xm-]Ø - n-te°v h∂p. Aßs\
hnSp-X-en-\p-th≠n Ah¿ Ic-™-t∏mƒ ssZhw Ah¿°p
th≠n \ymbm-[n-]-∑msc Fgp-t∂-ev]n-®p. Cu \mb-I-
∑m-cn¬ \n∂p-amWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn\v Cu t]cp e`n-®-
Xv.
HXv\n-tb¬ apX¬ inwtim≥ hsc-bp≈ 325h¿jsØ
kw`-h-ß-fmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≈-Xv.
tIhew `cWw \S-Øp-∂-h¿ F∂-Xn-t\-°m-fp-]cn
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ ]S-\m-b-I-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ hnizm-k-
Øns‚ hoc-{]-hr-Øn-I-fn-eqsS ssZhoI \ymb-hn[n \S-
∏n¬ hcp-Øp-I-tbm, As√-¶n¬ Ahsc ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂-
hsc ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Isbm sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-
bp≈ {]h¿Øn-I-fm¬ P\-Øn\v kzmX-{¥yhpw kam[m-
\hpw ]p\ÿm]n°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. bn{k-tb-ens\ tamNn-
∏n-°p-hm≥ ssZhw ]{¥≠p \ymbm-[n-]-∑msc Fgp-t∂-
ev]n-®p. Ah-cn¬ Nne-sc-°p-dn®v Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
hnim-e-ambpw a‰p-Nn-e-sc-°p-dn®v Ht∂m ct≠m hmN-I-
ß-fnepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. H≥]Xp hyXykvX
tKm{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw h∂ Ah¿ saskm-s∏m-Øm-ay¿,
tamhm-_y¿ s^en-kvXy¿, I\m-\y¿, anZym-\y¿, AtΩm-
\y¿ F∂n-hc - psS Iøn¬ \n∂pw Xß-fpsS P\sØ c£n-
®p. iap-th¬ HgnsI a‰p \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ Bcpw Xs∂
tZiw apgp-h-\mbpw `cn-®n-cp-∂n-√.
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvXIw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv
XnI®pw Imem-\p-{I-a-am-b-√. Ncn-{X-]-chpw {]h-N\ ]c-
hp-amb BapJ hkvXp-X-I-fmWv BZysØ c≠-≤ym-b-
ß-fn¬ D≈-S°w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS
Ncn-{Xhpw Imem-\p-{I-a-am-b√ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv
(3-˛16. A≤ymb߃). \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cn¬ Nne-scms°
Xß-fpsS {i{Xp-°sf Iog-S° - n-bXv Htc ka-bØ - p-Xs∂
Bbn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww, ]s£ AXp tZiØns‚ hnhn[
`mK-ß-fn-em-bn-cp∂p \S-∂-Xv. ]pkvX-I-߃ {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ 400 kwh’cw A\p-{I-a-ambn Iq´p-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬, CXn\v thZ-]p-kX v Iw A\p-hZ- n-®X
- n-t\-°mƒ
IqSp-X¬ ka-ba - m-WnXv F∂ hkvXpX {]tXyIw Hm¿t°-
≠-Xp-≠v. (A.-{]hy 13:19,20 ; 1cmPm. 6:1) .
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ime-L-´-Ønse kw`-h-ß-fmWv
Ah-km\ A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
(17-˛21). F∂m¬ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ bn{kmtb-en¬
\S∂ aX-]-c-hpw, [m¿Ωn-I-]-chpw B`y-¥-c-hp-amb Agn-
a-Xn-If- psS Hcp Ncn{Xw \¬tI-≠X - n-\m-bn-´mWv CXv Ah-
km\w tN¿Øn- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v. CXnse Xmt°m¬
hmIyw(17:6). ""A°m-eØv bn{km-tb-en¬ cmPm-hn-√m-bp-
cp∂p Hmtcm- c p- Ø ≥ t_m[n- ® - X p- t ]mse \S∂p''
F∂XmWv. CXn¬ B Ime-L-´-Ønse P\-Øns‚
kz`mhw hy‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-I-sfm-s°bpw \n¿Ω-e-sa-∂pw,
F√m Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Ifpw {]tbm-P\ - I- c
- s
- a∂pw \mw hniz-
kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, hfsc hne-s∏´ Bflob hnj-b-
ßfpw KpW-]m-T-ßfpw \ap-°mbn \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ D≠v. Cu Bflob]mT-ß-fn¬ NneXv
PmXn-If- mb Nqj-I∑ - m-cpsS t]cp-If- nepw bn{km-tb-ens\
hnSp-hn® \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS t]cp-I-fnepw ad-™n-cn-°p-
∂p. ssZh-P-\sØ ASn-a-Xz-Øn-em-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p∂
Cu temI i‡n-I-sf-bmWv ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ Nn{Xo-I-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS Bflob bp≤-Øn¬ \mw t]mcm-´-
Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ D]m-[n-sb-bmWv \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿
Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]mh¿Øn-Ia
- mbn Nne {]tbm-Kß - ƒ Rß-fpsS A`n-
{]m-bØ- n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠.v Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw ]ucm-
WnI kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-If- n¬ \n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈X- m-Wv.(1)
\ngep-I-tfbpw {]Xn-cq-]-ß-tfbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ]T\w
A[n-I-am-bm¬ B]-ØmWv km¶¬]n-Ihpw C√mØ
A¿∞-ap-≠m-°p-∂X - p-amb hyJym-\ß
- ƒ Hgn-hm-°p-hm≥
R߃ {ian-®n-´p-≠v. F∂n--cp-∂mepw Nne t]cp-I-fpsS
A¿∞-߃ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-a-√∂v kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-
°p∂p km≤y-amb ÿe-ß-fn-se√mw ]I-c-am-bp≈
A¿∞-߃ R߃ sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v.
 257

bn{km-tb-ense \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿
258 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿

D≈-S°w

I. ]p\x-c-h-tem-I-\hpw {]tXyI {]Z¿i-\-hpw (1:1-˛3:6).

A. ]n¬°m-e-Øn-te-s°mcp t\m´w (1:1˛2:10)
B. ap≥t]m-s´mcp t\m´w (2:11-˛3:6)
II. \ymb-[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ime-L-´w (3:7˛16:31)
A. HXv\o-tb¬ (3:7˛11)
B. Glq-Zv (3:12-˛30)
C. iwK¿ (3:31)
D. sZt_m-cbpw _mcm-°pw (-A.4.5)
1. Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw KZy-cq-]-Øn¬ (-A.4)
2. Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw ]Zy cq]Øn¬ (-A.5)
E. KnZ-tbm≥ (6:1˛8:32)
1. tkh-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ KnZ-tbms‚ hnfn (A.6)
2. KnZ-tbms‚ ap∂qdv t]cv (A.7)
3. s^en-kvXy-cp-sS-ta-ep≈ KnZ-tbms‚ hnP-bw ( 8:1˛32)
F. A_o-a-te-°ns‚ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°¬ (8:33˛9:57)
G. tXmebpw bmbo-cpw (10:1˛5)
H. bn]vXm-lv (10:6˛12:7)
1. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ZpxJw (10:6-˛18)
2. bn{km-tb-en-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ bn]vXm-lns‚ c£-Ww (11:1˛28)
3. bn]vXm-lns‚ Xocp-am-\w (11:29-˛40)
4. bn]vXmlv F{^-bo-aysc kwl-cn-°p-∂p (12:1˛7)
I. C_vkm-\pw, Gtem-\pw, A_vtZm-\pw (12:8˛15)
J. inwtim≥ (-A.13-˛16)
1. inwtims‚ ssZhoI ]mc-ºcyw (A.13)
2. inwtims‚ hncp∂pw IS-¶-Ybpw (A.14)
3. inwtims‚ {]Xn-Imc \S-]Sn (A.15)
4. inwtim≥ Zeo-e-bm¬ h©n-°-s∏-´p (A.16)
III. aX, [m¿ΩnI, cmjv{Sob A[x-]-X-\w (-A.17-˛21)
A. aoJm-hns‚ aX ÿm]-\w (-A.17˛21)
B. aoJmhpw Zm\ycpw (A.18)
C. tehy\pw Xs‚ sh∏m-´n-bpw (-A.19)
D. s_\ym-ao-\p-am-bp≈ bp≤w (A.20,21)
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 1,2
hymJym\w
I. ]p\c-h-tem-I-\hpw {]tXyI
{]Z¿i-\-hpw(1:1˛3:6)
A. ]n¬°me-Øn-te-s°mcp t\m´w (1:1˛2:10)
1:1˛3 tbmip-h-bp-sS-a-c-W-ti-jw(2:8 ambn Xmc-Xayw
sNøp-I) sX°v I\m-\y-cp-am-bp≈ bp≤-Øn\p blq-Zm-
tKm{Xw t\XrXzw \evIn. hnPb kw_-‘-am-bp≈
ssZhoI hmKvZØw \ne-hn-en-cn-s°, blqZm ina-tbm≥
tKm{X-Øns‚ klmbw Bh-iy-s∏-´X - ,v ssZh-hN
- \
- Ø
- n¬
]q¿Æ-ambn B{i-bn-°phm\p≈ Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-°p-
d-hn-s\-bmWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
1:4-˛7 t_k°nse \nhm-kn-If - psS taem-bn-cp∂p Ah-
cpsS BZy hnP-bw. Ah-cn¬ ]Xn-\m-bncw t]sc sIm∂-
tijw Ahn-Sp-sØ cmPmhv Xs‚ sshcn-I-tfmSv sNbvX-
Xp-t]m-se, Xs‚bpw ssIIm-ep-I-fnse s]cp-hn-c¬
apdn®p If-™p. ssZhw Iev]n-®-Xp-t]m-se( Bh.7:24)
Ahs\ sIm∂p If- t b- ≠ - X m- b n- c p- ∂ p, F∂m¬
AXn\p]Icw Ahs\ hnI-emw-K-\m-°n. tbcp-i-te-an-
te°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn, ]n¬°m-eØv AhnsSh®v Xm≥
acn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. Xß-fpsS tZi-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂
PmXn-I-fp-am-bp≈ bn{km-tb-ens‚ CS-]m-Snse A\p-k-
c-Wt- I-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ `mhn-kq-N\ - b
- m-WnXv \evIp-∂X
- v.
Ahsc ]q¿Æ-ambn \in-∏n-°p-∂X - n\v ]Icw bn{k-tbm¬
Ahsc tIhew apS-¥-cm-°pI am{X-am-bn-cp∂p sNbvX-
Xv. Aß-s\-bp≈ `mKo-I-amb A\p-k-cWw A\p-k-c-
W-t°-Sm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]n¬°m-eØv B blq-Z-∑m¿
henb hne sImSp-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p.
1:8 sbcp-itew \Kcw Xobn´p Np´p-I-f-™-Xn-\m¬
blq-Zbv°v Ah¿s°-Xnsc henb tXmXn-ep-ff hnP-b-
ap-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ b_q-kysc Ah-cpsS tIm´-I-fn¬
\n∂pw ]pd- Ø m- ° p- h m≥ s_\yao\y¿t°m, blq-
Zybvt°m Ign-™n√ (tbm-ip15:21-˛63 `mjyw ImWp-I).
Zmho-Zns‚ Imew hsc AXn\p Ign-™n-√. (2-i-ap. 5:6,7).
1:9-˛15 blq-Zb- mWv slt{_≥ ]nSn-®S- ° - n-bXv F∂m¬
Cu ]´Ww Iog-S-°m-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Imte-_n-
t‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v tbmip-h-bpsS ]pkvXIw 14, 15
A≤ym-b-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Imte_v blqZm
tKm{X-Øn-ep-≈-h-\m-b-Xp-sIm≠v ta¬ ]d™ Imcy-
߃ hntcm-[` - m-ks - am-∂p-an-√. Hcp ]s£ 9,10 hmIy-߃
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]´Ww Imte_v ]nSn-®-S-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bm-
bn-cn-°mw, (20-˛mw hmIy-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I)
A√msX tbmip-h-bpsS ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ Hcp bm{Xsb
Ipdn-®m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - n√ AXv. HXv\n-tb¬ IncyØv tk^¿
]nSn-®-S-°n-bXv apºm-bn-cp-∂psh¶nepw (tbm-ip-h. 15:16-
˛19) Cu ka-bØv 11-˛15 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-߃ AXm-
h¿Øn®p {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
1:16 tI\y¿ Hcn-°epw blq-Zm-]-£Øp tN¿∂n-√,
259
F¶nepw Ah¿ blq-Zm-a-°-tfm-Sp-IqsS ]m¿Øp h∂p
1:17-˛21 tlm¿Ω, Kmkm, AkvI-tem≥, Ft{Im≥ apX-
emb ]´-W-ßfpw blqZm Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn-sb-¶nepw B
hnP-bß - ƒ ]q¿Æ-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xmgv∂ {]tZ-iß - f- n¬ Xma-
kn-®n-cp-∂-h¿°v Ccpºv cY-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿s°-
Xnsc Hcm-{I-aWw kam-cw-`n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ hnizmkw blq-
Z-bv°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ A{im¥
]cn-{iaw sNøp-hm≥ Ah¿ Xmev]c - y-s∏-´p-cp-∂n-√. ZmhoZv
sbcp-itew ]nSn-®-Sp-°-∂-Xn\p apºv \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS
]pkvXIw Fgp-Xs - ∏´p F∂ kqN\ 21-˛mw hmIyw \evIp
∂p.
1:22-˛26 a‰p hnP-b-ß-fpsS AwKo-Imcw tbmk-^ns‚
c≠p tKm{X-߃°p am{X-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. (sl-t{_m≥,
IncyØv tk^¿ F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ BZysØ
hmIy-߃ t{ijvT tk\m-[n-]-Xn-bmb tbmip-h-bpsS
ImesØ Xncn™p {i≤n°p∂Xp-t]m-se, tbmip-h- C-
t∏mgpw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v (tbm-ip12:16), Cu
hmIy-߃ Hcp ]s£ _tY-ens‚ taep≈ hnP-b-sØ-
bmhmw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv). apºv eqkv F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂
s_tY¬ ]´-WsØ Ah¿ B{I-an®v \in-∏n®p If-
™p. F∂m¬ Xßsf klm-bn® cmPy t{Zmlnbv°v
kpc-£n-XXzw hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ sX‰n-t∏m-
bn. Ah≥ X¬£Ww lnXy-cpsS tZiØv eqkv F∂
t]cn¬ as‰mcp ]´Ww ]Wn-bp-hm≥ Bcw-`n-®p. \ymbw
hn[n-°-s∏-SmØ ]m]w Ah-ti-jn-°p-Ibpw ]n¬°m-
eØv AXns\ FXn-cn-tS-≠-Xmbpw hcp-∂p.
1:27-˛36 hS°pw a≤y-`m-K-Øp-ap≈ Ggp tKm{X-߃
XßfpsS `q{]-tZ-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw I\m-\ysc HmSn®p
If-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. AXn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv Cu
A≤ym-b-Ønse XpS¿∂p≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-
cn-°p-∂Xv s_\ym-ao≥ (hm. 21). a\s» (hm.27,28)
F{^bnw (hm.29) tk_p-eq≥ (hm,30), Ati¿ (hm30,
31), \^vXmen (hm.33) Zm≥ (h. 34-˛36) F∂n-h-bm-bn-
cp∂p B tKm{X-߃.
2:1˛5 Ah-cpsS A\p-k-c-W-t°Sp \nanØw btlm-h-
bpsS ZqX≥ (I¿Øm-hmb tbip) t_m°o-an¬ h®v (hn-
e-]n-°p-∂-h¿) Ahsc imkn®p Ah¿ KnevKm-en¬ (A-
\p-{K-l-Øns‚ ÿew) \n∂pw t_m°n-an-te°v (hn-e-]n-
°p∂ ÿew) h∂p F∂m-Wv1˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. hnP-b-Øns‚ ÿe-Øp-\n∂pw bn{k-tb¬ hnem-]-
ÿ-e-tØ°p t]mbn-cp∂p I\m-\ysc tZiØp \n∂pw
HmSn-®p-If- b
- p-∂X - nepw Ah-cpsS hn{Km-lm-cm-[\ - m-]c - a
- mb
_en-]o-T-߃ \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p.
AXp- s Im≠v ssZhw tZi\nhm- k n- I sf Ah- c psS
apºn¬\n∂pw \o°n-If - b
- p-∂X
- n-\p-]I
- cw bn{km-tb-ens\
]oUn- ∏ n- ° p- h m≥ Ahsc A\p- h - Z n- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p∂p
Aßs\ AXn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ XpS¿∂p≠m ]oV-
260 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 2,3
\-ß-fpsS Imc-W-ß-fmWv 1˛15 hmIy-ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. P\w D®-Øn¬ Ic-™p. B ÿm\-Øn\p
t_m°nw F∂p t]cn-´-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-°m-\n√!
2:6˛10 tbmip-h-bpsS Pohn-Xm-h-km-\-tØmbpw Ah-
\n¬ \n∂pw tijn® Xe-ap-d-I-tfbpw Ipdn®p≈ ]p\-c-
h-tem-I\- a
- mWv 1˛6 hmIy-ßf - n¬ Im-Wp-∂X
- v. Bh¿Ø\
]pkvXIw 6˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬, ssZhw Xs‚ P\-Øn\p
Nne {]tXyI Iev]-\-Iƒ \evIn-b-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Ahsb A\p-k-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mb-Xn-\m¬ 10-˛mw
hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]Z- n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂ hyk-\I- c
- a
- mb Nne
Ah-ÿ-I-fn-te°v Ah¿ \S-Ø-s∏-´p. ssZh-P-\-Øns‚
A\p-k-c-W-an-√mbva aqew Bflob tXXr-Xz-Øn¬ h∂
Ipdhv hy‡-ambn AhnsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - mbn
ImWmw. btlm-hsb `b-s∏´v Ahs‚ Iev]\Iƒ {]am-
Wn-t°-Ws - a∂v ap≥ Xe-apd Ah-cpsS a°sf ]Tn∏n®ncp-
∂n-√. ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Cu DZm-ko-\X Xß-fpsS a°ƒ
sX‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.
B. apt∂m-s´mcp t\m´w (2:11˛-3:6)
2:11-˛19 {]XypXm \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS apgp-h≥ Ime-
L-´-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Hcp Zriy {]Z¿i-\-amWv tijn-
°p∂ hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂Xv B Ime-L-´sØ hnti-
jn-∏n-°p∂ \mep-hn[ BhyØn Ah shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
]m]w(-hm.11-˛13) (Sin )
ASna-Xzw(-hm.14,15)(Servitide)
hn\oXm-`y¿∞\ (C-hnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√,
F∂m¬ 3:9, 3:15, 4:3 apX-embh ImWp-I).
(Supplication)
c£(-hm.16-˛18)(Salvation)
Cu kz`m-hc
- oXn Xmsg ]dbpw {]Im-chpw hnh-cn-°mw.
- n-∏v(Rebellion)
adp-Xe
ssZhin£(Retribution)
am\-km-¥cw(Repentance)
kzÿX(Rest)
sP≥k≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse \ymbm-[n-]-∑msc
Ipdn-®p≈ Cu kw{K-lw(-hm.11-˛19) Cu ]pkvX-I-Ø-ep-
S-\ofw hy‡-am-°s
- ∏-´n-cn-°p∂ ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-°mØ
c≠p kXy-ß-fn-te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p∂p.
(1) a\pjy lyZ-b-Øns‚ \ncm-im-P-\-I-amb ZpjvS-
X, AXns‚ IrX-Lv\X - t- bbpw, \n¿_‘ _p≤n-tbbpw,
AXn-{I-a-tØbpw t`mj-Xz-tØ-bpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
bn{k-tb-ens‚ ]q¿Æ A[x-]-X-\w, btlm-h-bpsS \nc-
¥-c-amb Ir] F∂o c≠p kXy-ßsf C{X kq£va-
ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp hyXymkw ImWn-®n-cn-°p∂
as‰mcp ]pkvX-Ihpw ss__n-fn-en-√.(2)
2:20-˛23 bn{km-tb¬ \nc-¥cw AXn-{I-a-t°-Sn¬ \ne-
\n-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xs‚ P\-Øn-\p≈ ITn-\-in-£-sb-
t∂mWw PmXn-If tZiØp A[n-h-kn-°p-hm≥ btlmh
A\p-h-Zn®p (hm.20-˛23). A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn-\p≈ in£
F∂ H‰ Imc-WØ - m¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ I\m-\ysc apgp-
h≥ tZi-Øp-\n∂pw HmSn-®p-If - b
- m-Xn-cp-∂X
- v. adn®v bn{km-
tb-ens\ ]co--£n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw(-hm.22,3:4) bp≤-Øn-\mbn
hcpw Xe-ap-dsb ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂X - n\pw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p
ssZhw PmXn-Isf Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ tijn-∏n-®-Xv(3:1,2)
F¥p-sIm≠v ssZhw hnizm-kn-Isf {]iv\ß - f - n-eq-sSbpw
]co-£-I-fn-eq-sSbpw IS-Øn-hn-Sp∂p F∂-Xn\v Nne
Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ ChnsS \n∂pw \ap°v e`n-°p-∂p. ""Ah¿
ssZh-Øns‚ hgn-Isf ImØp kq£n-°ptam C√tbm''
F∂p ssZh-Øn\dn-b-W-am-bn-cp-∂p(-hm.22).
3:1˛4 bn{k-tb-ens\ ]co-£n-°p-hm-\mbn tijn-∏n®
PmXn-If
- psS Hcp ]´nI 3˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p≠v;
A©p s^enkvXy {]`p-°-∑m-cpw, I\m-\y-sc-√m-h-cpw,
kotZm-\y-cpw, se_-t\m≥ ]¿∆-X-Øn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂
lnhy-cp-am-bn-cp∂p Ah¿.
H∂m-asØ {]h¿Øn Bcw-`n-°p-Ib - m-Wn-hnsS: ]m]w.
(hm.5-˛7) ASn-aØw (hm.8); hn\o-Xm-`y¿∞\(hm.9);c£(-
hm.9-˛11).
3:5,6 Ggp PmXob cmPy-ß-fn¬ Bsd-Æ-Øns‚ \Sp-
hn¬ bn{km-tb¬ Pohn-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-™n-´p≠v.
aq∂mw hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ cmPy-ß-tfm-sS-∏w,
lnXy¿, AtΩm-cy¿, s]cn-ky¿ lnhy¿ sb_qky¿ F∂n-
h-tcbpw ChnsS Iq´n-t®¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Kn¿§-ky-cm-bn-
cp∂p GgmasØ PmXn-Iƒ(tbm-ip3:10;24:11)
Xmtgm- ´ p≈ Hmtcm N{I- Ø n- t ‚bpw Bcw- ` sØ
°pdn®v tUm. tImsl≥ Npcp°n hnh-cn-°p∂p:
bn{km-tb¬ P\w tami-bpsS ap∂-dn-bn∏v hI-h-
bv°msX Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fp-ambn CS-I-e¿∂v Ahsc
hnhmlw sNbvX-Xns‚ ^e-ambn hgn-]n-g-∏n-°p∂ Bcm-
[\mk{º-Zm-b-߃ Ah¿ ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øp. (3)
II. \ymbm[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ime-L-´w
( 3:7˛16:31)
A. HXv\otb¬(3:7˛11)
3:7,8 PmXn-I-sf- hnhmlw sNbvXp Ah-cpsS hn{K-l-
ßsf Bcm-[n®XneqsS P\w btlm-hbv°v A\n-jvS-am-
bp-≈Xv sNbvXp. Aip-≤nbpw A[m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw (hm.6)
hn{K-lm-cm-[\
- b
- n-te°v \bn-°p-∂p(-hm.7) I\m-\nse \nhm-
kn-I-fp-ambn CS-I-e¿∂m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Xn‡m-\p-`-h-ß-sf-
°p-dn®v ssZhw t\csØ ap∂-dn-bn∏v sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p.
ssZho-Im-\p-`-h-߃ {]m]n-°-W-sa-∂p-s≠-¶n¬, Ah¿
Hcp hnip-≤-P-\-am-I-bm¬ Aip-≤n-bn¬\n∂pw th¿s]´v
Pohn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp∂p (Bh 7:3˛6). F´p h¿j-tØ-
bv°v, saskm-s∏m-Øm-ay-bnse cmPm-hmb Ipi≥ cnim-
Y-bo-an‚ Iøn¬ Gev]n-®p-sIm≠v ssZhw bn{km-tb-
ens\ c£n-®p. Cc´n ZpjvS-X-bp≈ a\p-jy≥ F∂¿∞-
ap≈ Iqiv F∂m-bn-cp∂p Ahs‚ t]cv.
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 3,4
3:9-˛11 P\-Øns‚ \nc-¥-c-amb \ne-hn-fn-bpsS ^e-
ambn \mev]Xp h¿j-tØ°p tZiØp kzÿX D≠m-
tI-≠-Xn\pw i{Xp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw Ahsc c£n-t°-≠-
Xn-\p-ambn Imte-_ns‚ A\-¥-c-h-\mb HXv\n-tb-ens\
ssZhw Fgp-t∂-ev]n-®p. HXv\n-tb¬ (ssZ-h-Øns‚
knwlw)-t\-csØ ]nSn-®S- °
- nb IncyØv tk^¿ (]p-kvX-
I-Øns‚ ]´Ww) Z_o¿ (Po-hn-°p∂ Hcp Acp-f-∏m-Sv).
B°n am‰n. ssZh-h-N\w sIm≠v hnizmkw sNøp-∂Xv
CXm-Wv.
B.GlqZv (3:12-˛30)
3:12-˛14 c≠m-asØ N{I-Øn¬, ]Xn-s\´p h¿j-tØ°v
bn{km-tb¬ tamhm_y cmPm-hmb Ft•m\m¬ ]nSn-®-S-
°-s∏-´p
3:15-˛30 s_\ym-ao≥ tKm{X-Ønse CS-¶ø - \
- mb Glq-
Z-Zn-s\-bmWv Cu ka-bØv \mb-I-\m-bn Fgp-t∂-ev]n-®-
Xv. Ft•m≥ cmPm-hn\v D]-Im-c-kva-cWbmbn Hcp ImgvN
FØn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠nbm-bn-cp∂p Ah≥ P\-Øm¬
\nb-an-°-s∏-´-Xv. Ccp-hm-bvØ-e-bp≈ Hcp Npcn-Ibpw
Ah≥ Xs‚ hkv{X-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Hfn-∏n®p h®n-cp-∂p.
ImgvN-h®p Ign-™t∏mƒ cmPm-hn\p blqZ hnj-b-Øn-
ep≈ Xs‚ at\m-`mhw kw_-‘n®v Bizmkw tXm∂n-
bn-cn-°-Ww. At∏m-gmWv GlqZv Hcp kzImcy ktµiw
N¿®-sN-øp-∂X - n\p th≠n Aev]w kzIm-cyX Bh-iy-s∏-
´-Xv. Aßs\ Ah-s‚ Imh¬°m-sc-sb√mw ]d-™b - ®p
Ign-™t- ∏mƒ GlqZv cmPm-hns\ sIm∂n´v HmSn-s∏m-b° v -
f-™p. Cu {]h¿Øn shfn-®Ø - m-bt- ∏m-gt- Ø°pw GlqZv
F√m bn{km-tbm¬ a°-tfbpw Iq´n-hc - p-Øn, tamhm-_y¿s°-
XnscsN∂p. ]n≥hmßnb ]Xn-\m-bncw ]S-bm-fn-I-sf
sIm∂pIf-™p. AXn-\p-tijw F¨]Xp h¿j-tØ°v
bn{k-tb¬ kzÿX A\p-`h - n-®p.
[ym\w(tK-c, hm.15) kvXpXnbv°v (G-lq-Zv)P
- ∑w \evIn-
b-t∏mƒ , temI-\m-b-I≥(-F-t•m≥) aq¿®-tb-dnb Ccp-
hm-bvØ-e-bp≈ hmfn-\m¬(th-Z-]p-kvX-Iw) in£ hn[n-
°-s∏-´p. CS-¶-ø-\mb Hcp a\p-jy-\m¬ hN\w D]-tbm-
Kn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ t]mepw AXp \S-°p-∂p.
bn{km-tb-ense G‰hpw i‡-amb tKm{X-am-bn-cp∂
blqZm tKm{X-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-h-\m-bn-cp∂p HXv\n-tb¬.
F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ G‰hpw sNdnb tKm{X-amb s_\ym-
ao≥ tKm{X-Øn-¬ \n∂p≈h\mbn-cp∂p Glq-Zv. hep-
tXm, sNdptXm GXm-bmepw hnP-b-Øn-\p-th≠n AXn-
s\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øn\p Ignbpw, ImcWw
GXp-hn-[-am-bmepw i‡n ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv hcp-
∂-Xv. hntam-NN
- \
- Ø
- n-s‚ Dd-hnSw a\p-jy-\√
- , adn®v Ah¿
tIhew AXn-s‚ GP‚p-am¿ am{X-am-Wv.
iwK¿(3:31)
3:31 Cu \ymbm-[n-]-s\-°p-dn®v H‰ hmN-I-Øn¬
am{Xta {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≈p. Ah≥ Hcp apSn-t¶m¬ sIm≠v
600 s^en-kvXysc sIm∂p. (Im-f-Isf IpØp-∂-Xn-\p-]-
tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp aq¿®-bp≈ D]-I-c-WamWv apSn-t¶m¬).
""_e-lo-\a- mb Hcp hkvXp'' D]-tbm-Kn®p henb hnPbw
261
]q¿Øo-I-cn® kw`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. ssZh-h-N-\w
(-ap-Sn-t¶m¬˛ k`m-{]-kwKn 12:11 ImWpI). i‡-ambn
ssIImcyw sNøp∂ Hcp Xo¿X-∞m-S-I\v (iw-K¿) ssZh-
a-°f - s
- S-bn-Sb
- n¬ Ae-™p-Xn-cn-bp-∂h
- sc (s^-en-kvXy¿)
]cm-P-b-s∏-SpØn ]mbn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw,
D. sZt_m-cbpw _mcm-°pw (A.4,5)
1. Ah-cpsS Ncn-{Xw, KZy cq]-Øn¬ (A.4)
4:1-˛3 Im\ms‚ i‡n tI{µ-amb lmtkm-cnse cmPm-
hmb bm_o≥ Bbn-cp∂p ASpØ ]oU-I≥ kosk-c-
bm-bn-cp∂p Xs‚ tk\m-]-Xn. Xs‚ hnti-j-s∏´ 900
bp≤-c-Y-߃ sIm≠v Ccp-]Xv h¿jw Ah≥ bn{km-tb-
en-s\ Xs‚ `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬ \n¿Øn.
4:4˛9 Cu ka-bØv ssZhw Hcp ]pcp-js\ Fgp-t∂-
ev]n-®n√, ]Icw _e-lo\ hn`m-KØ - n¬ \n∂pw sZt_mc
F∂p t]cmb Hcp {]hm-NI - n-sb AXm-bXv Hcp kv{Xosb
Fgp-t∂-ev]n-®p. (B-flob A[n-Im-c-ÿm\w Hcp kv{Xo
Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂X - n\p≈ Hcp amXr-Ib- m-bn-cp-∂n√. CXv, adn®v
CXv A[:]X-\Ø - ns‚ HcpIme-L´- a - m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-fpsS
hnjbw Hcp \nb-a- \-S-]-Sn-b√ adn®v hyXykvXXbp-≈-
Xm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, C∂sØ k`-I-fnse kv{XoI-fpsS
]¶m-fn-ØØ - n\v Hcp amXr-Ib- mbn sZc-t_m-csb D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. Xs∂-bp-a√ CXp bn{km-tb-ens\
kw_-‘n-®p- hnjbw AWv k`sb kw_-‘n® hnjbw
A√.) kok-c-bpsS ssk\ysØ B{I-an-t°-≠-Xn\v hS-
t°m´p t]mIp-hm≥ sZt_mc _mc-°ns\ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-
Øn, F∂m¬ Ahƒ IqsS sN√msX Xm≥ t]mIn-
√∂v Ah≥ ]d-™p. ssk\ysØ \bn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥
hnk-Ω-Xn-®-Xp-sIm≠v kok-c-bpsS taep≈ hnPbw
X\n°p ]Icw Hcp kv{Xobv°mbn-cn°pw F∂v Ahƒ
Ahs\ Ad-bn-®p.
4:10˛16 ssZhw Iev]n-®-Xp-t]mse sZt_mc ap≥I-
sø-SpØv _mc-°ns\ hnfn-°p-Ibpw kosk-c-bp-ambn
bp≤w sNøphm≥ Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬
F{_mb teJ\w 11:32-˛¬ sZt_m-c-b-√,- _m-c-°ns‚
hnizmk- s Ø- ° p- d n- ® mWv ]cm- a ¿in- ° p- ∂ - X v , BZyw
Aev]w aSn-Im-Wn-s®-¶n-epw, hnizm-k-Øm¬ Ah≥
btlm-h-bpsS hm°-\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw bn{km-tb-ens\
hnSp- h n- ° bpw sNbv X p. (NIV `mjm¥- c - { ]- I m- c w,
NIKJV˛¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse hmIyw 11 ˛se
tlm_m_v tami-bpsS AΩm-b-∏-\√ adn®v Xs‚ Afn-
b-\m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°W
- w)
Xmt_m¿ ae-bpsS sXs° Ncn-hn-ep≈ ]Xn-\m-bncw
t]c-S-ßp∂ Xs‚ ssk\ysØ _mc°v ]c-ky-ambn
ImWn®p. koskc Xs‚ Ccbv°p t\sc ]pd-s∏-´p.
ltcm-ti-Øns‚ sX°p-`m-K-Øp≈ DW-ßnb \ne-Øp-
IqSn Xm\pw Xs‚ cY-ßfpw Iotim≥ \Zn IS-∂p. Ah¿
Xm\-®ns\ e£y-am°n ]pcm-X\ cmP-ho-Yn-bn-eqsS
sX°p Ing°p `mK-tØ°v AXn-thKw \oßn. bn{k-
tb¬ sX°v F{^-bn-an¬ \n∂pw sb\n≥ (5:14) Xmgvhc-
bn¬ {]th-in-®p. _mc-°n-t\mSpw Ioin-t\mSpw sX°v
262

]oUn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ A¿∞wAYhm {]Xn-cq]w ]oU\ c£- I ≥ A¿∞w kzÿ-Xb- psS hmIy

Imew h¿j-߃ kqNnI
saskm-s∏m-Øm-ay-bn-se Iqiv˛ Cc´ ZpjvSX
- b
- p≈ a\p-jy≥, 8 HXv\o-tb¬ ssZh- Ø ns‚ 3:7-˛11
40
cmPm-hmb Iqi≥cnim- kzbw-{]-iw-k°- m-c≥,Al-¶mcn knwlw, ssZh-Øns‚
Ymbnw i‡n
tamhm-_y-cm-Pm-hmb Ft•m≥ Bh-cWw sFlnI DtZymKw 18 GlqZv {]Xm]w/alna 3:1-2˛30
80

s^en-kvXy¿ ssZh-P-\-Øn-s‚bnS-bn¬ Ae- iwK¿ hgn- t ]m- ° ≥ AY- h m- 3:31

™p- X - c n- b p- ∂ - h ¿ AYhm Xo¿∞m- S - I ≥
{]mIyX aXw
Im\m- \ nse lmtk- c ns‚ ]cn- ⁄ m\w/a\pjy _p≤n- sZt_mc tX\o® 40 4:1-˛5:31
20
cmPm-hmb sbm_n≥ Ahs‚ bpsS ÿncX; bp≤- a p- ∂ - W n,
tk\m-]-Xn- ko-kc A¿∞w Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂n√ _mcm° an∂¬

7 KnZ-tbm≥ apdn-®n-Sp-∂-h≥ 40 6:1˛8:35

anZym\y¿ t]mcm-´w, kwL-´-\w, temIw _m¬ Xs∂ hyh-l-cn-
°-s´
A _ o - t a - Fs‚ ]nXmhv 3 9:1-˛57
se°v vcmPm-hm-bn-cp∂p
tXmem Hcp ]pgp 23 10:1,2
bmbo¿ shfn®w sImSp- ° p- ∂ - 22 10;3˛5
h≥

AtΩm-\y¿ Imcy- I m- c - W - X Xzw AYhm 18 bn]vXmlv Ah≥ Xpd°pw 6 10:6˛12:7

sX‰mb D]-tZiw bn_v k m≥ A¿∞w-hy-‡-a√ 7 12:8˛15
Gtem-≥ A¿∞w hy‡-a√ 10
A_v t Zm≥ tkh\w 8

s^en-kvXy¿ {]mIrX aXw 40- inwtim≥ sNdnb kqcy≥ 20 13:1-˛16:31

\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS hnh-cWw
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 4,5
Xm\m®v Xmgvh-c-bn-ep≈ Xs‚ ssk\y-tØmSpIqsS
tNcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Zt_mc B{I-a-W-Øn\v Blzm\w
sNbvXp. (hm.14). cY-߃s°-Xn-cmbn Imemƒ! B
\n¿Æm-bI L´-Øn¬ ag-s]-øp-Ibpw B Xmgvhc sNfn-
°p-gn-bmbn Xo¿∂-Xn-\m¬ cY-߃°pw IpXn-c-Iƒ°pw
bm{X {]bm- k - a p- ≈ - X mbn Xocp- I bpw sNbv X p(5:4)
Imemƒ ]Sbv°v AXv {]tbm-P-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. _mc°v
bp≤w IqSp-X¬ i‡-am°n kosk¿ Xs‚ ssk\o-I-
cn¬\n∂pw H‰-s∏´v HmSn-t∏mbn. \mb-I\ - n-√msX ssk\yw
Imem-fmbn s]mcpXn ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Xß-fpsS
c£-°mbn HmSn-t∏mbn. ag XpS¿∂-Xp-aqew Iotim≥
Xmgvhc - b
- n¬ sh≈-s∏m-°a - p-≠m-bn. bn{km-tb-en-s‚ {]b-
Xv\-Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sm-Ø-h¿ ltcm-ti-Øn\v t\sc
tXmSp-\o-¥n-°b - d
- p-hm≥ {ian-®t- ∏mƒ Hgp-In-t∏m-bn(-hm.10-
˛16; 5:20,21-˛-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I).
˛(-kv{In-]vN¿ bqWn-bs‚ ssZ\w-Zn\ Ipdn-∏v)
4:17-˛24 tI\y\mb bmtb-ens‚ IqSm-c-Øn¬ A`bw
tXSnb kok-cbv°v Ahƒ `£-Whpw Xma-khpw \evIn.
Ah≥ Dd-ßp-tºmƒ bmtb¬ Ahs‚ sN∂n-bn¬ IqSm-
c-Øns‚ Ip‰n ASn-®n-d° - n. Ahs\ At\z-jn®v _mcm°v
AXp-hgn IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ, Xs‚ i{Xp-hns‚ arX-i-
cocw ImWp-hm≥ bmtb¬ Ahs\ AI-tØ°v £Wn-
®p. 9˛mw hmIy-Ønse sZt_m-cb - p-sS {]h-N\w \nh¿Øn-
bm-bXv A{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhoI ⁄m\-Øn\p
hntcm-[a - mbn kzbw Db¿Ø-s∏´ am\p-jnI ⁄m\sØ
(bm_o≥) \njv{]-`-am-°p-hm≥ tIhew Hcp tX\o-®sb
(sZ-t_m-c)-ssZhw D]-tbm-Kn-®p. i{Xp-°-fp-sS-ta¬ \ymb-
hn[n an∂¬ (_m-c-°v) t]mse h∂p. i‡n-bpsS I]-S-
th-j-ßsf Xmsg-bn-d-°p-hm≥ bmtb¬ (I-b-dp-∂-hƒ)
IqSm-cØ- n-s‚ Hcp Ip‰n (A-hf - psS ]c-tZi Pohn-XØ- ns‚
Hcp km£yw) am{X-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. Np‰nI ssZh-
h-N-\sØ Ipdn-°p∂p(bn-c 23:29).
2. Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw ]Zycq]-Øn¬ (A.5)
5:1˛5 {]mtNmZn-X kmln-Xy-Ønse k¿∆-Im-eo-\-amb
Hcp ]ucm-WnI kmln-XyIrXn-bmWv _mc-°n-s‚bpw
Zmt_m-c-bp-tSbpw ]m´p-Iƒ. {]mcw-`-Øn¬ btlm-hsb
hmgvØnb tijw, GtZm-an-s‚ AXn-cp-hn´v bn{km-tb¬
hmKvZØ \m´n-te°v \oßn-b-t∏mƒ btlmh hnPb
{ioemfn-X-bmbn apt∂-dn-b-Xns\ sZt_mc kvacn-°p-
Ibmbncp∂p. bn-{k-tbm-ens‚ ssZh-amb btlm-h-bpsS
al-Xz-Øn\p ap≥]n¬ F√m FXn-cp-Ifpw Aen-™p-t]m-
bn.
5:6,7 iwK-dn-s‚ ImesØ Ah-ÿ-Isf Ipdn-®mWv
]n∂o-Sh - ƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv. s]cp-hg
- n-Iƒ iq\y-am-bX
- m-bn-
cp-∂p. A∂sØ A]-I-Sw. sIm≈-kw-L-ßsf Hgn-hm-
°p-hm≥ hgn-t]m-°¿ t\sc-bp≈ ]mX-Iƒ Hgn-hm°n
hf™ hgn-I-fn-eqsS k©-cn-®p. sZt_mc bn{k-tb-
ens‚ c£-I-bmbn Fgp-t∂-ev°p-∂-Xp-hsc {Kma-hm-kn-
Iƒ Xß-fp-sS `h-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øp-h-cp-hm≥
ss[cy-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√.
5:8 P\w hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-te°v Xncn-™Xp sIm≠v
263
tZiØv bp≤hpw c‡- s ®m- c n- ® nepw ÿnc- a m- I p-
Ibpw,bp≤w sNøp-∂X
- n-\p≈ Bbp-[ß- ƒ bn{k-tb-en¬
C√msX hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.
5:9˛15 ssZhw _mcm-°n-t\bpw sZt_m-c-tbbpw Fgp-
t∂-ev]n-®-t∏mƒ Ahsc klm-bn-t°-≠-Xn-\mbn bn{km-
tb-ense Nne hy‡n-Ifpw `c-W-I¿Øm-°fpw ss[cy-
tØmsS apt∂m-´p-h-∂p. bn m-Jm¿, sk_q-eq≥, amJo¿
(a-\s» tKm{Xw) s_\ym-ao≥, F{^bnw F∂n-hn-S-ßn¬
\n∂p≈ Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
5:16,17 AXn\ptijw sZt_mc Xs∂ klm-bn-∏m≥
hcm-Xn-cp-∂h
- sc Ipdn-t®m¿Øp cqt_\v L\-ta-dnb at\m-
\n¿Æ-b-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]m¿Øn-cp-∂Xv
sXmgp-Øp-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-
t°-≠-Xn\v Knse-bm-Zv(-Km-Zv) tbm¿±m≥ IS-∂n-√. Zm≥
I∏-ep-Iƒ°-cnsI Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw Bti¿ kap-{Z-Xo-
cØv A\-ßm-sX-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
bp≤-Øn¬ s]mcp-Xn-b-h-tc-bpw- X-ß-fpsS Pohs‚
kwc-£Ww t\m°n bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°msX \njv{In-
b-cmbn Ccp-∂-h-tcbpw Ipdn®v ssZh-hN -- \w kq£va-ambn
Ipdn- ® p- h - ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. AXp- t ]m- s e- b mWv C∂pw
temItØmSpw ]nim-NN - n-t\mSpw {Inbm-flI - a
- mbn t]mcm-
Sp- ∂ - h - t cbpw CsX√mw ]pd- I n¬ Ccp∂v tIhew
ho£n° am{Xw sNøp-∂-h-scbpw ssZhw Adn-bp-∂p.
{]Xn-^-e-Øn-s‚ Hcp kabw hcp-∂p. F∂m¬ Nnesc
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXv \jvS-Ønt‚Xm-bn-cn-°pw(1
sImcn 3:10-˛15).
5:18-˛22 {]Xn-^ew ]‰msX (Hcp sh≈n-°mip t]mepw
FSp-Øn-√.) ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n Xß-fpsS Pohs\ XrW-
h¬K-Wn® \^vXm-enbpw sk_q-eq\pw t{ijvT-am-Wv.
Ah¿ bp≤-Øn¬ ImTn-\y-ta-dnb ÿeØv Im\m\y
cmPm°-∑m¿s°-Xnsc t]mcm-Sn. Ah¿ btlm-h-bpsS
]£-Øm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v {]Ir-Xn-i-‡n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS
]£-Ømbn-cp∂p.
5:23-˛27 btlm-h-bpsS klm-b-Øn\v hcm-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v tatcmkv \Kcw i]n-°-s∏-´p. sshcn-Iƒs°-Xn-
cmbn klmbw Bh-iy-ambn h∂-t∏mƒ B ]´-W-\n-hm-
kn-Iƒ \njv{In-b-cm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ IqSm-c-Øn¬h-
kn-®n-cp-∂ -bm-tb¬ kosk-ctb _p≤n-tbmSpw Iui-e-
tØmSpw IqSn sIm∂-Xn-\m¬ A\p-{K-ln-°s - ∏-´p. kv{XoI-
fn¬ A\p-{K-ln-°s - ∏-´h
- ƒ F∂p {]tXy-Ia
- mbn FSpØp
]d-b-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv Chsf IqSmsX \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚
AΩsb Ipdn®p am{X-am-Wv(-eq-t°m.1:42).
5:28-˛31 Cu ka-bØv kosk-c-bpsS amXmhv Xs‚
aI≥ hnP-b-Øns‚ sIm≈-bp-ambn aSßn hcp-∂-Xp-Im-
Wm≥ P\-en-eqsS t\m°n-bn-cn-°pIbmbn-cp-∂p. Ah≥
Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ImcWw Ahƒ°p a\- n-em-bn√.
Ah-fpsS ⁄m\ta-dnb \mbn-Ia - m¿. sIm≈-km-[\ - ß
- ƒ
Ahƒ a‰p-≈h - c
- p-ambn ]¶p-hb
- v°p-Ib - m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Dd-
∏n®p ]d-™p. F∂m¬ koksc Hcn-°epw Xncn-®p-h-
∂n- √ . btlm- h - b psS i{Xp- ° - f p- s S- s b√mw Ahÿ
264 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 6
Ahs‚ Ah-ÿ-t]m-se-bm-I-s´.
adp-`m-KØv ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂h - ≥ DZ-bk
- q-cy-
s\-t∏m-se-bm-I-s´.- ko-sk-sc-bpsS ac-W-tijw tZi-
Øn\v 40 kwh-’cw kzÿ-Xb - b
- p-≠m-bbn F∂ {]kvXm-
h-\t- bm-Sp-IqsS Cu A≤ymbw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.
E. KnZ-tbm≥ (6:1˛8:3)
1. tkh-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ KnZ-tbm-s‚ hnfn(-A.6)
6:1˛6 ASpØ N{I-Øn¬ bn{km-tb¬ P\w anZym-\y-
cm-emWv ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv. bn{k-tb-ens‚ hnfIƒ A\-
[n- I rX- a mbn Itø‰w sNøp- I - b pw. sh´p- ° n- f n- I sf
t]mse tZiw Xn∂p apSn-°p-I-bpw. ayK-ßsf tamjvSn-
°bpw sNbv X p- s Im≠v Atd- _ y- b n¬ Ae™p
Xncn™p \S-°p∂ Hcp h¿§-am-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. bn{km-
tb-en-s‚ ]n≥am‰ Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Zmcn-{Zy-
Øn-\pw, ASn-a-Xz-Øn-\pw, `b-Øn\pw Imc-Ww. Hcn-°¬
bn{kmtb¬ ]cm-Pb - s
- ∏-Sp-Øn-bh
- ¿ Xs∂ Ct∏mƒ Ah-
cpsS bP-am-\-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \mw ssZh-Øn¬
\n∂pw amdn tIhew t]cn\p am{Xw {InkvXym-\n-I-fmbn
Xocp- t ºmƒ \ΩpsS ]g- b - k z- ` m- h - ß ƒ \sΩ ASn-
as∏SpØp- I bpw Zmcn{Zymhÿ- b n- t e- s °- Ø n- ° bpw
sNøpw
6:7˛16 bn{k-tbm¬ klm-b-Øn-\mbn ssZh-tØmSp
\nehnfn-®-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS hn{K-lm-cm-[-\sb Hm¿Ω-s∏-
Sp-tØ-≠-Xn\v BZyw Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ ssZhw Ab-®p.
AXn\p tijw- anZym\ycpsS Iøn¬ AI-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-t°-
≠-Xn\v ap¥n-cn-®-°n-\-cnsI h®v tKmXºv saXn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cp∂ a\s» tKm{X-°m-c-\mb KnZ-tbm-\v, PUm-h-Xm-
c-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp≈ {InkvXp-sh∂v \mw hniz-kn-
°p∂ (Xmsg sImSp-Øn-´p≈ D]-\ymkw {i≤n-°p-I.)
btlm-hb - psS ZqX≥ {]Xy£-\m-bn. anZym-\y-cpsS Iøn¬
\n∂pw bn{km-tb-en-s\ hnSp-hn-t°-≠X - n\v ssZhw Xs∂
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa∂v ]cm-{I-a-im-en-bmb Cu a\p-jy-t\mSv
ZqX≥ ]d™p. KnZ-tbms‚ {]Xn-tj[w hI-h-bv°msX
Cu kp{]-[m\ ZuXy-Øn-\m-bp≈ Xs‚ hnfn ZqX≥
Bh¿Øn-®p-W¿Øn-®p.
btlm-h-bpsS ZqX≥
ssZh-Øn-s‚(-b-tlm-h) ZqX≥ PUm-h-Xm-c-Øn-\p-ap-
ºp≈ I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ {]Xy-£X
BWv. Ah≥ ssZh-am-Wv. Xs∂-bp-a√ {XnXz-Øn¬ c≠m-
asØ hy‡n Ah-\m-sW∂v Ah-s\-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-
®n-´p≈ `mK-߃ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.
H∂m-a-Xmbn, ssZh-h-N-\-`m-K-߃ Ah≥ ssZh-am-
sW-∂vkq-Nn-∏n-°p∂p. Ah≥ lmKm-dn\v {]Xy-£-\m-b-
t∏mƒ Xm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
Ahƒ a\- n-em°n; ""ImWp∂ ssZhw'' F∂v AhnsS
Ahƒ Ah-s\-°p-dn®v kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (D-ev]16:13).
tamdnb ae-bn¬ A{_-lm-an-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ,
ZqX≥ btlmh F∂m-bn-cp∂p kzbw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bXv (F-{_mb `mj-bn¬ bmlvth AYhm btlm-h,
(Dev] 22:;6). _tY-en-se ssZh-sa∂p ZqX≥ Xs∂ Xs∂
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv bmt°_v tI´p. (D-ev].31:11-˛13).
bn{km-tb¬ (bm-t°m-_v) tbmk-^ns\ A\p-{K-ln-®-
t∏mƒ ""ssZhw''""-Zq-X≥'' F∂o \ma-߃ ]c-kv]c ]qc-
I-ß-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn®n´p≠v (D-ev]. 48:15,16) IØp∂
apƒ∏-S¿∏n¬ {]Xy-£-\m-bXv ""btlm-h-bpsS ZqX-\m-bn-
cp∂p'' (]p-d.3:2). F∂m¬ ""tamsi ssZh-sØ- t\m-°p-
hm≥ `b-s∏´p apJw-aqSn'' F∂pw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂p (]pdw
3:2). taL- k v X mw- ` - Ø n¬ bn{km- t b- e n- \ p- a p- º mbn
s]mbvs°m-≠n-cp∂ ssZhw(-]p-d.13:21). ""ssZh-Øns‚
ZqX≥ A√msX a‰m-cp-am-bn-cn-∂n√ ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX-\n¬
-ssZh-sØ I≠XpsIm≠m-bn-cp∂p Xm≥ acn-°p-sa∂v
KnZ-tbm≥ `b-s∏-´Xv (\ymb 6:22,23) Xs‚ t]cv AXn-i-
b- a p- ≈ Xv F∂m- b n- c p∂p btlm- h - b psS ZqX≥
at\mltbmSp ]d-™X - v. (\ym-b. 13:18) AXv ssZh-Øns‚
t]cp-I-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.(-sbi 9:6) ssZh-Zq-X-\p-ambn
a¬∏n-SpØw \S-Ønb bmt°m-_v, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-
hp-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p a¬∏n-SpØw \S-Øn-bXv (slm-i.12:3,4)
]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ btlm-h-bpsS ZqX≥ F∂p {]kvXm-
hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX√mw ssZh-sØ-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
sX∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ sXfn-hp-I-fmWv Ch-sb-√mw
tPm¨. F^v. h¬hp¿Uv(N - m-^¿ D≤-cn-®n-´p≈Xpt]m-
se) CXn-s\- ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂-Xn\v \mep hmZ-߃ \nc-Øp-
∂p≠v.
""]pXn-b- \n-ba
- Ø
- nse Zriy-\mb ssZhw {XnXz-Ønse
c≠mw hy‡n-bm-Wv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse btlm-h-bpsS
ZqX≥, tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ PUm-hX - m-cØ
- n\p tijw Hcn-
°epw {]Xy-£-s∏-´n-´n-√. btlm-h-bpsS ZqX\pw tbip
{InkvXphpw ]nXm-hn-\m¬ Ab-°-s∏--´-h-cm-Wv. ]nXm-thm,
]cn-ip-≤m-flmthm Bbn-cn-∏m≥ btlm-hb - psS ZqX\p Ign-
-I-bn√''(4) Cu \mem-asØ hmZ-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬
hm¬hpUv XpS¿∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv: ]nXm-hn\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-
flm-hn\pw kz¿§ob kz`m-h-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Ah¿ a\p-
jy-¿°v AZy-iy-cmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. ""btlm-h-bpsS
ZqX≥ {XnXz-Ønse c≠m-asØ hy‡n-b-bmWv F∂
hkvXpX \nc-kn-°p-hm≥ aXn-bmb Hcp sXfnhpw C√,
]pXnb \nb-a-Øn-se {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈ Xs‚ XmZmfly-
Øn-te°v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp-X-I-sf√mw hnc¬ Nq
≠p∂p'' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v Xm≥ D]-kw-l-cn°p∂p.
btlm-h-bpsS ZqX-s\-t∏mse {InkvXphpw a‰p ZqX-
∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-Wv, F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬
{InkvXp kyjvSn-°s - ∏-´h
- \
- √. ]gb ]pXnb \nb-aß
- f
- n¬
""ZqX≥'' (5) F∂p hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ hm°p-
I-fpsS b¿∞w ""ZqXp-hm-lI - ≥'' F∂m-Wv. Ah≥ btlm-
h-bp-sS ZqXphml-I-\m-Wv. Aßn-s\ Nm^¿ ]d-bp-∂-
Xp-t]m-se- tIhew ]Z-hn-sIm≠p am{Xw Ah-s\mcp
""ZqX\m''Wv(6)
6:17-˛24 ssZhtØmSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂ Adn-thm-
sS-bmWv KnsZ-tbm≥ Hcp AS-bmfw tNmZn-®-Xv. AXn\p
tijw Hcp tImem-´n≥ Ip´n-tbbpw ]pfn-∏n-√mØ hS-
Ifpw Ah≥ hgn-]m-Smbn Hcp-°n. ZqX≥ Xs‚ hSn-sIm≠v
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 6,7
B hgn-]mSv sXm´-t∏mƒ AXn¬ Xobn-dßn AXns\
Zln-∏n-®p. ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n-bn-em-sW∂v a\- n-em-
°nb KnsZ-tbm≥, Xm≥ acn-®p-t]mIpw F∂p `b-s∏-´p.
F∂m¬ btlmh ""\n\°p kam-[m\w '' F∂ hm°p-I-
fm¬ Ahs\ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Øn. KnZ-tbm≥ AhnsS btlm-
hbv°v Hcp bmK-]oTw ]Wn-bp-Ibpw Bÿ-e-Øn\p
btlmh imtemw(- b - t lmh kam- [ m- \ w) F∂p
t]cnSpIbpw sNbvXp.
6:25˛32 A∂p cm{Xn-bn¬ ssZh-sØ A\p-kc - n-®p-sIm-
≠v, Xs‚ ]nXmhv _men-\p-th≠n ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-
_en]oT-ßsf CSn®p If-bp-Ibpw AXn-\-cn-sI-bp-≠m-
bn- c p∂ Aticm {]Xn- j v T - I sf sh´n- ° - f - b p- I bpw
sNbvXn´v AXn\p ]Icw btlm-hbv°v Hcp bmK-]oTw
]WnXp. ss[cy-]q¿∆w Xm≥ sNbvX Cu {]hy-Øn-bn¬
tIm]n-jvTc - mb ]´-W°
- m¿ cmhnse Ahs\ sIm√p-hm≥
`mhn-®p. F∂m¬ Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb tbmhmiv {]iv\-ß-
fn¬ CS-s]-´n-´v. _m¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-sa-¶n¬ X\n-
°p-th≠n Xm≥ Xs∂- hyh-l-cn-®psIm≈pw F∂p ]d-
™p. IqSmsX _men-\p-th≠n hyh-l-cn-°p-∂-h-sc√mw
acn-t°Ww F∂p≈ Hcp Iev]-\bpw Xm≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-
®p. KnsZ-tbm\v sbcp-∫m¬ F∂p≈ ]cn-lm-k-t∏cv e`n-
®p. _m¬ (X-\n°pth≠n) hyh-l-cn-°s´ F∂m-W-
Xns‚ b¿∞w.
KnZ-tbm≥ cm{Xn-bn¬ _en-]oTw CSn-®p-If
- ™
- Xv `bw
sIm≠m-sW∂v Nne¿ sX‰n-[-cn-t®°mw F∂m¬ Ah≥
btlm-h-sb A\p-kcn°pIbmbn-cp∂p sNbvXXv F∂
hkvXpX \mw ad∂p t]mI-cp-Xv. A\p-k-c-W-ap≈h-\m-
bn-cn°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw Ahs‚ `bw Ah-s\ XSpØn√.
\ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw `b-ap≠v AXv kzXth AXn¬ Xs∂
Hcp sX‰-√. ]s£ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬
\n∂pw AXv \sΩ am‰n \n¿Øp-tºm-gmWv AXv Hcp XS-
 hpw ]m]hpw Bbn-Ø-Xo-cp-∂-Xv.
6:33-˛35 A\¥cw anZym-\ycpw Aam-te-Iycpw Ingt°
tZi-°m¿ F√m-h-cpw Hcpan®p-IqSn tbm¿±m≥ IS∂v
bn{km-tb-en-s\-Xnsc bp≤w sNtø-≠-Xn\v bn{km-tb¬
Xmgvhc-bn¬ ]mf-b-an-d-ßn. btlm-h-bpsS Bflmhv KnZ-
tbms‚ta¬ h∂p. Ah≥ a\-s», Bti¿, sk_q-eq≥,
\m^vXmen apX-emb tKm{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ssk\ysØ
Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´n. A_n-tb-k¿ KnsZ-tbm-s‚ ap≥Xe-ap-d-°m-
c\m-bn-cp∂p (hm.34). Poh-t\m-sS-bn-cn-°p∂ Xs‚ Xe-
ap-d-Iƒ°p-th-≠n, ChnsS Xs‚ t]cv (F-{_mb ]pkvX-
I-Øn¬). Hcp IpSpw-_-t∏-cm-bn-´mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. (A-_n-tb-ky¿) 8:2t\m°p-I.
6:36-˛40 bp≤-Øn-\p- t]mIp∂-Xn-\p-apºv hnP-b-kw-_-
‘-amb Hcp Dd∏v KnZ-tbm≥ ssZh-Øn¬ \∂pw B{K-
ln-®p. Xm\n-´n-cn-°p∂ tXmen¬ am{Xw a™p hog-Ibpw
Np‰p-ap≈ \new DW-ßn-bn-cn-°bpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ H∂m-
asØ Dd∏v e`n-®p. ASpØ cm{Xn-bn¬ a™v tXmen¬
hoWv AXp \\-bmsX \ne-Øp-am{Xw hoW-t∏mƒ, c≠m-
asØ Dd∏p e`n-®p.
KnZ-tbm-s‚ tXmen-s\-°p-dn®v {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ km[m-
265
cW sX‰n-[c - n-®n-´p≠v Cu kw`-ht- Øm-Sp-≈- _-‘Ø - n¬
c≠p Imcy-߃ \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp≠v: KnsZ-tbm≥
tXmen¬ t\m°n-t°m-≠n-cp-∂Xp \S-Øn-∏n-\p-th-≠n-bm-
bn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v Hcp Dd-∏n-\p-th≠n am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah≥ F¥mWv sNtø- ≠ n- b n- c p- ∂ - s X∂v ssZhw
Aht\mSv CXn-t\m-SIw ]d-™n-cp∂p hnP-b-Øns‚ Hcp
Dd-∏p-am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p KnsZ-tbm≥ At\z-jn-®Xv Hcp
{]tXyI hnj-bt- Øm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ssZh-lnXw Adn-
tb-≠-Xn\p tXm¬ shfn-bn-en-SpI F∂p≈ Bfp-I-fpsS
]cm-a¿iw Cu `mK-Øns‚ sX‰mb kzmio-I-c-W-a-s{X-
c≠m-aX - mbn {]Ir-Xn-ZØ - a
- mb Hcp AS-bm-fa
- √ adn®v Aam-
\p-jn-I-amb Hcp AS-bm-f-amWv KnsZ-tbm≥ tNmZn-®-Xv.
ssZhoI CS-s]-S¬ IqSmsX kzm`m-hn-ambn kw`-hn-°p∂
km[-\-߃ B´n≥tXm¬ t]mse C∂p P\-߃ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXpw Cu Ncn{Xw sX‰mb \ne-bn¬ D]-
tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. hnizm-k-Øn-¬ _e-
lo-\-\mb Hcp-h\v hnP-b-Øns‚ Dd∏v\evIp-IbmWv
ChnsS ssZhw. {]m¿∞-\-bpsS adp-]-Sn-bmbn Cu Dd∏v
C∂pw ssZh- Ø n\p \ev I p- h m≥ Ign- b pw. ssZhw
Aßs\ sNøp∂p Xm\pw.
2. KnsZ-tbms‚ aq∂qdp t]¿ (A.7)
7:1˛3 anZym\¿s°-Xn-cm-b-bp≈ hnPbw ]q¿Æ-ambpw
ssZho-I-am-t°-≠-Xn-\v, btlm-h-bmb ssZhw \nbaw
A\p-im-kn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse (B-h.20:8) `bhpw `ocp-Xz-
hp-ap-≈-hsc `h-\-ß-fn-te°v Xncn-®-b-®p-sIm≠v KnZ-
tbms‚ 32,000 t]cp≈ ssk\y-sØ 10,000 B°n Ipd-
®p.
7:4˛8 ssk\ysØ ho≠pw Ipd-bvt°-≠-Xn-\m-bn,
ssZhw \Zn- ° - ° sc h®v ]S- ÷ - \ sØ ]co- £ n- ® p.
sh≈w IpSn-∏m≥ ap´p-IpØn Ip\n-bp-hm≥ ka-b-sa-Sp-
Ø-hsc Hgn-hm°n. adn®v \mb \°n IpSn-°p-∂-Xp-
t]mse s]s´∂p IpSn®p amdn-b-hsc ssk\y-Øn¬
Dƒs∏-SpØn Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ ap∂qdp t]cm-bn-cp-∂p.
7:9˛14 cm{Xn-bn¬ anZym\y ]mf-b-ß-fpsS kao-]-ÿ-
e-߃ kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZhw KnZ-tbm\p \n¿t±-
iw \evIn . Xs‚ _mey-°m-c-\mb ]qctbmsSm∏w i{Xp-
hns‚ ]mf-bØ - n-te°v KnsZ-tbm≥ sN∂p. Hcp bh-Ø∏w
Dcp≠p ]mf-b-Øn-te-°p-h∂p anZym\y IqSm-c-ßsf adn-
®n- ´ p- I - f - b p∂ Hcp kz]v \ w Hcp anZym- \ y≥ Xs‚
kv t \lnXt\mSv hnh- c n- ° p- ∂ Xp. Ahn- s S- s N- ∂ -
KnsZtbm≥ tI´p. bn{km-tb-ey¿ anZym-\ysc ]cm-P-b-s∏-
Sp-Øp-sa-∂mWv B kz]v\-Øns‚ A¿∞w F∂p B
kvt\ln-X≥ a\- n-em-°n. bh-Ø∏w km[m-cW Irjn-
°m-cpsS Blm-c-ambncp-∂p. IqSmsX AXv bn{k-tb-
ens\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. IqSmcw anZym\y
ssk\y-Øn-s‚- {]-Xn-cq-]-am-bn-cp∂p.
7:15-˛20 Ipd-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Xs‚ ssk\y-_-
esØ Ipdn-®p≈ Nn¥ Hcp]s£ KnZ-tbms‚ `bsØ
D±o- ] n- ∏ n- ® n- c p- ∂ n- c n- ° - W w, \ymb- a m- b n´pw AXn\v
km[yXbp≠v-. ImcWw 1,35,00 t]c-S-ßp∂ sk\y-sØ-
bm-bn-cp∂p shdpw 300 t]c-s°m≠v t\cn-Sp-hm≥ ssZhw
266
Iev]n-®Xv!(8:10) F∂m¬ i{Xp-°-fpsS hmbn¬ \n∂p≈
Cu hm°v Xs‚ hnizm-ksØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øn. AXn-t\m-
Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn, BZyw Xm≥ Bcm-[n®p (hm.15).,
AXn-\p-tijw bp≤w sNbvXp.
hnP-bk
- w-_‘ - a - mb B Dd-t∏msS KnsZ-tbm≥ bn{km-
tb¬ ]mf-b-Øn¬ h∂p. bp≤-Øn-\mbn ]S-bm-fn-Isf
Blzm\w sNbvXp. BsIbp≠m-bn-cp∂ ssk\ysØ
\qdp hoX-ap≈ aq∂p-kw-L-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n´v Hmtcm-cp-
Ø-cp-tSbpw Iøn¬ Hmtcm Imlfhpw shdpw IpShpw
IpS-Øn-\-IØv Hmtcm ]-¥hpw Bbp-[-ambn sImSpØp.
anZym\y ]mf-b-Øns‚ A‰Øv FØnbt∏mƒ, \n›-bn-
°-s∏´ Hc-Sb
- m-f{- ]-Imcw Ah¿ F√m-hcpw Imlfw DuXp-
Ibpw ]¥w shfn-bn¬ Zriy-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw IpSw DS-
bv°p-I-bbpw sNbvXn´v ""btlm-hbv°pw KnsZ-tbm\pw
th≠nhmƒ'' F∂v B¿Øp.
Cu kw`-hsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ ssZho-I-hym-Jym\w
2 sImcn 4:7-˛¬ \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ico-c-߃
a¨]m-{X-ß-fm-Wv. tbip-hn-\p-th≠n Ft∏mgpw ac-W-
tØmfw \mw Gev]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ am{Xta tbip-
{In- k v X p- h n- s ‚ apJ- Ø n- e p≈ ssZh- X - t X- P -   n- s ‚
]cn⁄m\w a‰p-≈-h¿°mbn hnf-ßp-I-bp-≈q.
7:21- ˛ 25 kw{`m- ¥ n- b n- e mb anZym- \ y¿ `b- s ∏´p
At\ym\yw s]mcp-Xn, HmSn-t∏m-bn. \m^vXm-en, Bti¿,
a\s» F∂o tKm{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-≈-h¿ BZyw Ahsc
]n¥p-S¿∂p. i{Xp-°ƒ tbm¿±m≥ IS∂v c£-s]-Sm≥
{ian-®-t∏mƒ, tbm¿±m-t\mfw sN∂v Ahsc \in-∏n-t°-
≠-Xn\v Xß-tfm-Sp-IqsS tNcp-hm≥ Ah¿ F{^o-bn-
ayscIqsS hnfn®p. Hmtd_v (a-e¶ - m-°) tk_v (sN-∂mb)
F∂o c≠p anZym\y {]`p-°∑ - msc ]nSn®p sIm√p-∂X - n¬
F{^o-bn-ay¿ hnP-bn-®p.
KnZ-tbm-s‚ {]h¿Ø\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw t\Xr-Xz-sØ-
°p-dn®v Nne ]mT-߃ \ap°v ]Tn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. \mb-
I\v, a‰p-≈-hsc AXn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv, Rm≥
F¥mWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v hy‡-amb Hc-
dnhv D≠m-bn-cn-t°Ww. F√m-‰n-t\-°m-fp-]cn ssZh-Øn\p
icn-bmb ÿm\w \evIn-s°m≠v Ah-s\ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-
h-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww(-hm.15). Hcp amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sIm≠v
P\sØ \bn-t°-Ww(-hm.17) alXzw AX¿ln-°p-∂-h\v
sImSp-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ah≥ {i≤-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-
t°Ww˛ AXm-bXv H∂m-aXv ssZh-Øn\pw AXn-\p-
tijw Xm≥ Xnc-s™-SpØ D]-I-c-W-߃°pw(-hm.18).
3. s^en- k v X y- c p- s S- t a- e p≈ KntZ- t bms‚ hnP- b w
(8:1˛32).
8:1˛3 F{^-bo-aysc BZyw Xs∂ klm-b-Øn-\mbn
hnfn-°m-™-sX¥v F∂p tNmZn®psIm≠v Ah¿ BZyw
KnZ-tbm-t\mSp tIm]n-®p. F∂m¬ Xm≥ sNbvX F¥n-
t\-°mfpw hnin-jvS-am-b-Xv, c≠p {]`p-°-∑msc ]cm-P-b-
s∏-Sp-Ønb Ah-cpsS {]hy-Øn-bm-sW∂v KntZ-tbm≥
Ah-sc Hm¿∏n-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ im¥-cm-bn. apºv hni-Z-am-
°n-bXp t]mse A_n-tb-ky¿ (hm.2) kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 7,8
KnsZ-tbm\pw Xs‚ P\-sØ-bp-am-Wv.
8:4-˛7 KnZ-tbm≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´m¬, anZym-\y-cm¬ {]Xn-
Imc \S-]-Sn-bp-≠m-tb-°p-sa∂v `b-∂n´v KnsZ-tbm\pw
IqsS-bp≈ ap∂q-dp-t]¿°pw Blmcw sImSp-°p-hm≥
kpt°m-Øn-se blq-Z∑ - m¿ hnk-ΩX - n-®p. btlmh tkl-
_n-t\bpw k¬ap-∂-tbbpw Xs‚ Iøn¬ Gev]n®p Ign-
bp-tºmƒ Im´nse ap≈p-sIm≠p ]d-°m-c-sIm≠pw Ah-
cpsS amwkw X√n-°odpw (F-{_mb ]Zw˛ s]mSn-°pw)
F∂p KnsZ-tbm≥ Ah-sc `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn.
8:8,9 KosZ-tbms‚ Blm-c-Øn-\m-bp≈ At]-£°v
s]\p-th¬ \nhm-kn-Ifpw \ntj-[m-fl-I-amb Hcp adp-]-
Sn-bmWv \evIn-b-Xv. ""Rm≥ kam-[m-\-tØmsS aS-ßn-h-
cp-tºmƒ Cu tKm]pcw CSn-®p-If
- bpw'' F∂p KnsZ-tbm≥
Ah-tcmSp ]d-™p.
8:10-˛17 KnsZ-tbm≥ Xs‚ hm°p ]men-®p. Ah≥ B
c≠p anZym\y cmPm-°-∑msc ]nSn®p, ssk\ysØ apgp-
h≥ t]Sn®v NnX-dn-®p-If
- ™
- p. AXn\p tijw Hcp _mey-
°m-c≥ FgpXn \evInb ]´nI {]Imcw kpt°m-Ønse
Fgp-]Øn Ggp aq∏-∑msc KnZ-tbm≥ _p≤n ]Tn-∏n-®p.
tImsl≥ ]d-bp∂p. ""\oN-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-߃ sNøp-
∂-h-cp-sS-ta¬ ASn-®-t®¬]n-°p∂ Hcp Xcw in£-
bmWv'' Cu hn[-Øn-ep≈ in£ F∂p tπt‰m-bpsS ""P\m-
[n-]-Xy-`-c-W-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.(7)
]mWvUn-Xy-ap≈ d∫n-am-cmb InwNnbpw dmjnbpw
CXns\ I≠n-´p-≈Xv ""_em¬°m-tc-W-bp≈ a¿±\w''
F∂ A¿∞w hcp∂ Hcp `mjm ssien-bm-bn-´m-Wv.
Ah-sc \·-cmbn apƒ°n-S-°-bn-te°v C´-tijw
[ym\yw saXn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, Ahsc ]c-kv]cw Nhn-
´n-sa-Xn-°p-sa∂v Ah≥ (Kn-Z-tbm≥) `oj-Wn-s∏-SpØn
sb∂mWv Nne¿ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. (8)
s]\pth-ens\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw, KnsZ-tbm≥
Ah-cpsS tKm]pcw CSn-®p-I-f-bp-I-bpw ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf
sIm∂p If-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
""arZp-hmb DØcw tIm]sØ ian-∏n-°p-∂p. ITn-\-
hmt°m tIm]sØ Pzen-∏n-°p∂p'' (kZy 15:1) F{^n-bn-
ay-tcm-Sp≈ KnsZ-tbm-s‚ adp-]Sn sIm≠v CXnse H∂m-
asØ kXyw 1˛3 hmIy-ß-fn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.
kpt°m-Øn-tebpw s]\p-th-en-tebpw P\-ßf - psS hm°p-
Iƒ sIm≠v c≠m-asØ kXyw 4˛17 hmIy-ß-fn¬ hni-
Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
8:18-˛21 tk_lpw k¬ap-∂bpw KnZ-tbms‚ ktlm-
Z-c-∑msc Xmt_m-cn¬ h®v sIm∂-Xp-sIm≠v KnZ-tbm≥
Xs‚ BZy-Pm-X-\mb tbsY-cn-t\mSv Ah-sc-sb√mw
sIm√p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ Ah≥ Hcp sNdp-∏-
°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠v AXp sNøp-hm≥ `b-s∏´p,
AXpsIm≠v KnsZ-tbm≥ Xs∂ B tPmen \nh¿Øn®p.
8:22-˛23 X߃°v cmPm-hm-bn-cn-∏m≥ bn{km-tb¬ P\w
KnsZ-tbm-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ImcWw ssk\o-I-]-c-amb
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 8,9
Ahs‚ A¤p- X - I rXy- ß - f n¬ Ah¿ A{X- t bsd
BI¿jn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øn\p alXzw sImSp-t°-
≠Xn\p ]Icw Ah¿ a\p-jy-\mWv alXzw sImSpØXv.
(7:2 t\m°p-I). F∂m¬ Ahsc `cn-∏m≥ ssZh-Øn\p
am{Xta Ah-Im-i-ap-≈p-sh∂v kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v KnsZ-
tbm≥ X\n°pw Xs‚ ]p{X-∑m¿°pw th≠n hn\-b-
]q¿∆w Ah-cpsS At]£ \nc-kn-®p.
8:24-˛27 F∂m¬ {]tem-`-\sØ AXn-Po-hn® KnZ-
tbm≥ as‰m-∂n¬ hoWp-t]mbn. bn{k-tb¬ anZym-\y-cn¬
(C-h¿ bnkvam-tb-ey-sc∂pw Adn-s∏-Sp∂p ]pd 32:1˛6 ambn
Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I.) \n∂pw sIm≈-b-Sn-s®-Sp-Ø- s]m≥
IpWp°p- I ƒ sIm≠v ]ptcm- l n- X s‚ HutZym- K nI
hkv{Xw t]mep≈ Hcp Gt^mZv KnsZ-tbm≥ D≠m°n.
H{^bn¬ {]Xn-jvTn® AXv hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m-]-c-amb Hcp
hkvXp-hmbn Xo¿∂-Xp-sIm≠v bn{km-tb-en\p Hcp IWn-
bmbn Xo¿∂p. ImcWw AXp iotem-hnse ssZh-e-b-
Øn¬\n∂pw bn{k-tb-ens\ AI-‰ n-I-f-™ p. ""cmP-
ÿm\w \nc-kn-s®-¶nepw ]utcm-lnXyw thW-sa∂v
Ah≥ B{K-ln®p.''
8:28-˛32 anZym-\ysc tXmev]n® tijw bn{km-tb¬
40 kwh- ’ cw kzÿ- X - A\p`hn- ® p. KnsZ- t bm\v
At\Iw `mcy-amcpw Ah-cn¬ Fgp-]Xp ]p{X-∑mcpw D≠m-
bn- c p∂psh∂v {]tXyIw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.
IqSmsX titJ-an¬ X\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ sh∏m´n A_o-
ta-se°v F∂ ]p{X\p P∑w \evIn.
KnsZ-tbms‚ _lp-apJ hy‡nXz khn-ti-jX - I
- f
- n¬
cs≠Æw IqSn Cu A≤ym-b-Øn-ep-≠v. Xs‚ \ntbmKw
\S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-ep≈ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√m-bvabpw
AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bp-amW anZy-\y-tcm-Sp≈ Xs‚- \n¿±-b-
amb ]n¥p-S-c¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Xm≥ £oWn-X-\m-
bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw, Hcp hen-b- Imcyw CXn-t\m-SIw sNbvXn-
cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Xs∂ klm-bn-∏m≥ Bcpw D≠m-bn-cp-
∂n√m F¶nepw bnkvam-tb-eysc \in-∏n®v Ah-cpsS cmPm-
°-∑m¿ Ahs‚ Im¬°ogv acn-®p-ho-gp-∂X - p-hsc B Imcy-
\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ Xs∂ {i≤-sh®v apt∂m-´p-\o-ßn.
CXn\p kam-\-amb Hcp \n¿_‘w At∏m-kvX-e-\mb
]utem-kn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. AXv
Bflob t]m¿°-f-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂q am{Xw (^n-
en.3:12˛14).
c≠m-asØ khn-ti-jX \ntj-[m-flI - a
- mb H∂m-Wv.
bnkvam-tb-eysc tXmev]n-®-Xn\p {]Xn-^-e-sa-t∂mWw
sIm≈-bn¬ \n∂pw s]m≥ IpWp-°p-Iƒ Xm≥ Bh-iy-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXv kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (hm.24). CXv
KnsZ-tbm\pw Xs‚ IpSpw_Øn\pw B cmjv{S-Øn\pw
Hcp IWn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p Dev]: 14:21-˛24 hmIy-ß-fn¬
ImWp∂ A{_-lm-an-s‚ kz`m-h-hp-ambn CXns\ Xmc-
Xayw sNøp-I. KnZ-tbms‚ kXvKp-W-߃ A\p-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xn\pw, Zp»o-e-߃ Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n \mw
ssZh-Øn-em-{i-bn®p ]cn-{i-an-°-Ww.
F. A_o-a-te-°ns‚ ]nSn-®-S-°¬ (8:33˛9:57)
8:33-˛35 KnsZtbm≥ acn® AtX \nan-j-Øn¬ Xs∂
267
bn{km-tb¬ _mens‚ Bcm-[\ - b
- n-te°v Xncn™p KnsZ-
tbm-s‚ tZiob Xe-Øn-ep≈ hoc-Ir-Xy-߃ F{X s]´-
∂mWv bn{km-tb¬ ad-∂p-I-f-™Xv! Ah¿ Xs‚ Xe-ap-
d-Isf A\m-Z-cn-°p-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ hnSp-X-ep-Isf
ad∂p-I-f-I-bpw-sN-bvXp. ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw \ΩpsS
kl-hn-izm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂p-t]mepw {]m]n® A\p-{K-l-
ßsf kvacn-°p-∂X - n¬ \mw Ah-tc-°mƒ t{ijvSc- mtWm?
Ahsc ad∂pIf-bp-hm-\mWv \mw {ian-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬
AXp e÷m-I-c-am-Wv.
9:1˛6 KnsZtbm-s‚ aI-\mb A_o-ta-se°v (Fs‚
]nXmhv cmPm-hm-bn-cp-∂p) bn{km-tb-ense Hcp \ymbm-
[n]\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v _e-{]-tbm-K-Øm¬ `cWw
ssI°-em-°n-b-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p˛ AXm-bXv icn-bmb A[n-
Im-c-an-√msX bn{km-tb-ens\ `cn-°p-hm≥ XmXv]-cy-s∏-´-
h≥. `c-W-kw-_-‘-amb `ojWn Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xn\v
G‰hpw Cfb ktlm-Z-c-\mb tbmY-ans\ HgnsI as‰√m
ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcbpw Ah≥ sIm∂p-I-f-™p. titJ-anse
Xpºp-sI-´-hcpw \n m-c-∑m-cp-amb Xs‚ _‘p-°-fn-epsS
{]h¿Øn-®, Xs∂ cmPm-hmbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ahn-
sS-bp≈ P\-ßsf t{]cn-∏n®p. KnsZ-tbm\v Fgp-]Xp
]p{X≥∑mcm-bn-cp∂p D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv (hm.2). Ah¿ F√m-
hcpw sIm√-s∏-´n-√. Aß-s\-bm-hp-tºmƒ hmIyw 5˛se
Fgn-]Xv F∂p≈Xv ]qPy-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ Hcp
kwJy-bmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww.
9:7˛15 Bg-amb A¿∞-ß-fp≈ IY-Ifpw D]-a-Ifpw
kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. ]gb \nb-a-Ønse
Npcp°w Nne D]-a-I-fn¬ H∂v ChnsS sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v.
sP≥k¿ CXn-s\-°p-dn®v A`n-{]m-bs
- ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv Xmsg-
]-dbpw {]Im-c-am-Wv.
P\-sa√mw Xmgvhc-bn¬ IqSn-h-∂-t∏mƒ, A_o-a-te-
°n-s‚ cmPym-`n-tj-I-sØ-°p-dn®v (In-coS [mc-Ww) tI´
tbmYmw sKcnknw ae-bpsS apI-fn-te°v HmSn-s®∂p B
A\p-Iqe ÿm\Øp \n∂m¬ Xmgvhcbnse P\-߃°v
Xs‚ i_vZw tIƒ∏m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\
Xm≥ {]kvXm-hn® hnNn-{X-amb D]a Ah¿ {i≤m-]q¿∆w
tI´p. hr£-ß-fpsS temIw Hcp cmPm-hns\ Xnc-s™-
Sp-°p∂ Be-¶m-cnI {]tbm-K-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v bn{km-tb-en-
s‚ kz`mhw Ah≥ Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p. ssZhw Xß-sf B°n-
h® {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amb ÿm\w Dt]-£n®v hr£-ß-fp-
sS-ta¬ `cWw \S-Øp-∂Xp hnth-I-]q¿∆w \nc-kn®
Henhp hy£w, AØn-hy-£w, ap¥n-cn-h≈n F∂n-hb - mbn
KnsZ-tbm-s\bpw ]p{X-∑m-tcbpw Nn{Xo-I-cn®p: F∂m¬
XmXv]c- y-]q¿∆w £Ww kzoI-cn-°a - m-{X-a√
- . Xs∂ cmPm-
hm-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬ se_-t\m-\nse tZh-Zm-cp-°-sf-sb√mw
Xm≥ \in-∏n-°p-sa∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏p \evInb apƒs®-Sn-
tbmSv A_n-a-te-°ns\ Xm≥ D]-an-®p. (9).
9:16-˛21 Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑msc \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬
bn{km-tb¬ P\w \oXn-bmWv {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬,
Xß-fpsS ]pXnb `c-W-I¿Øm-hn¬ Ah¿°p kt¥m-
jn°mw F∂p Xm≥ ss[cy- ] ¿∆w {]kv X m- h n- ® p.
268 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 9,10
Aßs\b√m-Ø-]£w A_n-a-te°pw titJ-an-ep-≈-
hcpw B`y-¥c bp≤-Øn¬ At\ym\yw Ie-ln®p \in-
°pw.
9:22-˛23 hmkvXh-Øn¬ AXp Xs∂-bmWv kw`-hn-®-
Xv. aq∂p h¿jw Ign-™-t∏mƒ, ssZhw A_o-sase-
°n\pw titJw ]uc-∑m¿°pw XΩn¬ On{Z-_p≤n hcp-
Øn. Xn∑-bpsS Imc-W-°m-c≥ ssZh-a√ F∂m¬ Ah≥
Xn∑ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. IqSmsX A[¿Ωn-I-tfmSp _‘-
s∏-´p≈ Xs‚ e£y \n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ Xm≥ AXv D]-
tbm-Kn-°-t]mepw sNøp-∂p(1- iap 16:14;1 cmPm 22:19-˛23
Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). titJ-an\p kao-]-Øp-ff hym]mc
am¿§-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn-®n-cp∂ bm{X-°msc titJw
\nhm-kn-Iƒ sIm≈-bn-Sp-I-bpw, kzm`m-hn-I-ambn A_o-
sa-se°o\v e`n-t°≠ \nIpXn Ah¿ A]-lc - n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp (hm.25) A_o-sa-se°v Bcv? Ahs\ tkhn-
t°-≠-Xn\v titJw \nhm-kn-I-fmb \mw B¿? F∂p
]d-™p-sIm≠v, A_o-ta-se-°n-t\mSp t]mcm-Sp-hm≥
P\sØ Blzm\w sNøp-hm-\p≈ Hcp Ah-k-c-ambn
sImbvØp-’-hsØ Gs_-Zns‚ aI-\mb Km¬ D]-tbm-
Kn- ® p. A_o- t a- t e- ° n- s ‚ sNm¬∏Sn- ° p \n¬°p∂
titJ-anse Kh¿Æ-dmb sk_q¬, A_o-ta-se-°n-s\-
Xn-cmb bp≤-Øn\p ]pd-s∏-Sp-hm≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
9:34-˛40 cmhnse ]´-Wh - m-Xn-°s
- e-Ønb Kmen-\v, ]¿∆-
X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw P\w Xmtg°p \oßp-∂-Xmbn Xm≥
I≠- X p- t ]mse tXm∂n. A_o- t a- t e- ° n\v A[nIw
kabw In´s´ F∂ {]Xo-£t- bmsS Xm≥ I≠Xv shdpw
\ng- e p- I - f m- b n- c n- ° p- s a∂v sk_q¬ BZyw \Sn- ® p.
F∂m¬ thsd Zni-bn¬\n∂pw hcp∂ c≠m-asØ
kwLsØ I≠-t∏mƒ AXp bYm¿∞-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿
Xs∂bmbn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Kmen\p a\- n-em-bn. At∏mƒ
BcpsS `c-WsØ Xm≥ Xp—o-I-cn-®p-thm, B hy‡n-
bpsS t\sc ]pd-s∏-´p-sN∂v s]mcp-Xp-hm≥ sk_q¬
Ahs\ sh√p-hn-fn-®p. Kmepw \nba {`jvS-cmb Xs‚
kwLhpw bp≤-Ø-te¿s∏-´-t∏mƒ, Ah-cn¬ At\-I¿
lX-∑m-cmbn hogp-Ibpw Ah≥ DS-\Sn ]´-W-Øn-te°v
]n≥Xn-cn™v HmSn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
9:41-˛44 A_nta-se-°n-t\m-sS∏w Acq-a-bn¬ Xma-k-
am-°nb sk_q¬, Kmen-t\-bpw-A-hs‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-
tcbpw titJ-an¬ Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ A\p-hZ- n-°msX Ahn-
sS- \ n∂pw \o°n- ° - f - ™ p. ]ns‰- ∂ mƒ titJ- a n- s e
P\߃ the-bv°mbn hb-en-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. AYhm
Hcp ]s£ lX-∑m-cmbn hoW-hsc sIm≈-bn-tS-≠-Xn-
\m-bn-´mhmw t]mbXv. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Adn-hp-In-´nb
A_o-a-te°v Xs‚ ]S-P-\sØ aq∂p kwL-ß-fmbn
Xncn®p hb-en¬ ]Xn-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p-Iq´w Ah-cpsS t\sc
]m™p-sN∂v Ahsc B{I-an-t°-≠-Xn\pw at‰ kwLw
]´-W-Øn-te°v ]n¥n-cn™v HmSp-∂-hsc kwl-cn-t°-≠-
Xn-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ]Xn-bn-cn∏v ]q¿Æ hnP-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.
9:45 Hcp Znh-ksØ t]mcm´ ^e-ambn ]´Ww hoWp
P\-ßsf apgp-h≥ sIm∂n´v, ]´Ww \in-∏n-°bpw AXn¬
D∏p hnX-dp-I-bpw- sNbvXp. (`qan AWphnap-‡-am-°-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠nbmWv D∏v hnX-dp-∂-Xv). Chn-sS, Cu
ÿew Xcn-im-bn- D-∏p-\n-d™ Hcp ]mgv\n-e-ambn Ft∂-
°p-an-cn-°Ww F∂p≈ A_n-ta-te-°n-s‚ Xocpam\sØ
shfns∏-Sp-Øp∂ {]Xo-Im-fl-Iamb Hcp {]hr-Øn-bm-bn
cp∂p AXv.
9:46-˛49 s_coØv tZhs‚ t£{X-Øn\p kao-]-am-
bn-cp∂p titJw tKm]p-cw. titJw tKm]p-c-hm-kn-Iƒ
F√m-hcpw Cu t£{X-Ønse hen-sbcp apdn-°p-f-fn¬
Hfn-®n-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ ASp-Øp≈ kevtam≥ ae-bnse
Im´n¬ \n∂pw A_n-ta-se°pw IqsS-bp≈ ]S-P-\hpw
ac-s°m-ºp-Iƒ sh´n-s°m-≠p-h∂p aWvU] - Ø
- n\p Np‰pw
Xobn- ´ p. kv { XoIfpw ]pcp- j - ∑ m- c p- a - S °w GI- t Ziw
Bbncw t]¿ B \c-I-Øn¬ \in-®p-t]m-bn.
9:50- ˛ 57 tXs_kv ]nSn- ® - S - ° p∂ kµ¿`- Ø n-
embncp∂p A_n-ta-se-°ns‚ A[:]X-\w. P\-߃
F√m-hcpw A`bw tXSnbn-cp∂ Hcp tKm]pcw B{I-an-
°p∂ ka-bØv Hcp kv{Xo Xncn-I-√ns‚]n≈ A_o-ta-
se-°ns‚ Xe-bn¬ C´p. Hcp kv{Xobm¬ Xm≥ sIm
√s∏´p F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-t°-≠Xn-\p, Xs∂ sI∂p
If-bp-hm≥ amc-I-ambn apdn-th‰ Xm≥ Xs‚ _mey-°m-
cn-sem-cm-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Aß-s\ tbmYmw ap≥Iq´n
]d™ hN-\-{]-Imcw B apƒs®Sn \in-∏n-°-s∏-´p.
Ip‰-hm-fnsb in£n-°p-∂-Xn\v \oXn°v AXn-t‚-Xmb
hgn- b p≠v . A_o- t a- s e°v Xs‚ ktlm- Z - c - ∑ msc
sIm∂Xv Hcp I√n-t∑¬ h®m-bn-cp-∂p(-hm. 5) AXp-t]mse
Hcp I√v Xs‚ Al-¶m-c-ap≈ Hcp Xe XI¿ØpIf-
™p. A{I-a-߃ sNbvXp Pohn-°p-∂-h≥ AXn-\m¬
Xs∂ acn°pw.
G. tXmebpw bmbocpw (10:1-˛5)
bn mJm¿ tKm{X-Ønse tXme bn{km-tb-ens\ Ccp-
]-Øn-aq∂p kwh-’cw \ymb-]m-e\w sNbvXp. F{^nbnw
ae-\n-c-I-fn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah≥ ]m¿Øn-cp-∂-Xv.
Knse-bm-Zp-Im-c\
- mb bmbo¿ bn{k-tb-ens\ Ccp-]Øn
c≠p h¿jw `cn®p Xs‚ ap∏Xp a°ƒ ap∏Xp ]´-ß-
fn¬ `cWw \S-Øn.
H. bn^vXm-lv(10:6˛12:7).
1. bn{km-tbm-ens‚ ZpxJw(10:16-˛18)
10:6˛9 bn{km-tb¬P\w ssZhsØ ad-°p-Ibpw hn{K-
lm-cm-[-\-bn-te°v Xncn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-sX-ß-s\ F∂
ZpxJIc-amb hnh-c-ß-fmWv \mw ho≠pw hmbn-°p-∂Xv.
bn{km-tb-en-s‚ hn{Kltkh Ahsc hn{K-lm-cm-[n-I-
fpsS ASn- a - I - f m- ° n. AtΩm- \ ycpw s^en- k v X y- c pw
tbm¿±m\p Ing-°p≈ blq-Z-∑m-tcmSp bp≤w sNbvXp.
IqSm-sX blqZm, s_\ym-ao¿, F{^bnw F∂n-h-tcmSv
bp≤w sNøphm≥ AtΩm-\y¿ tbm¿±m≥ IS-∂p.
s^en--kvXy-cp-tSbpw AtΩm-\y-cp-tSbpw apºmsI
bn{km-tb¬ _e-lo-\-cm-bn-cp∂p ImcWw Ah¿ btlm-
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 10,11,12
hsb Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xp Dt]-£n®v PmXob ssZh-ßsf
Bcm-[n-®p(hm.6).
10:10-˛16 bn{km-tb¬ btlm-ht- bmSp \ne-hn-fn-®t- ∏mƒ
ssZhw BZyw Ah-cpsS At]£ \nc-kn-®p. ap≥Ime
hnSp-X-ep-Iƒ kw‘n-®p≈ At\Iw kw`-h-߃ Ah≥
FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm hnSpXep-Iƒ°ptijhpw
Ah¿ X∂n¬ \n∂v AI∂p t]mbXv Ahsc Hm¿Ω-
s∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp(-hm.13) F∂m¬ Ah¿ CS-hn-
SmsX \ne-hn-fn-°bpw Xß-fpsS hn{K-l-ßsf Dt]-£n-
°p-Ib- pw sNbvXt- ∏mƒ ssZhw Ah-cpsS \ne-hnfn tI´p.
ssZh-Øns‚ a\- -en-™p. Ah-cp-sS IjvSX Ahs‚
Zbsb hnfn-®p-W¿Øn.
10:17,18 Knse- b m- Z n¬ ]mf- b - a n- d - ß n- b n- c n- ° p∂
AtΩm\y ssk\y-tØbpw ankv]-bn¬ Hcp-an®p IqSnb
bn{km-tb-en-s\-bp-amWv Cu A≤ymbw Ah-km-\n-°p-
tºmƒ \mw IWp-∂Xv Kne-bm-Znse ]pcp-j∑ - m¿ Hcp bp≤-
\m-b-Is\ At\z-jn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p(-hm.17.18).
2. bn{km-tb-en-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ bn^vXm-
lns‚ c£Ww (11:1˛28)
11:1˛3 B kµ¿`-Øn-\p-tbm-Py-amb a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p
bn]vXmlv. Knse-bm-Zy-\mb bn]vXmlv ]cm-{I-a-im-en-bm-
bn-cp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w thiym-]p-{X-\p-am-bn-cp∂p kztZ-
i-°m-cm¬ XyPn-°-s∏´ Ah≥ Hcp kwLw Zp¿am¿Kn-I-
fpsS AYhm \nb-a-{`-jvS-cm-b-h-cpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-tXm_v
(kn-dn-bm-bn-em-bn-cn-°m-\mWv km≤y-X) tZiØv Ae™p
\S-∂p.
11:4˛11 AtΩm\y¿s°- X n- c mbn bn{km- t b¬
ssk\yØ \bn- ° p- h m≥ Knse- b m- Z nse aqs∏- ∑ m¿
bn^v X m- l n- t \mSv Bh- i y- s ∏- S p- I bpw sshcn- I sf
tXmev]n®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS t\Xm-hmbn Ahs\
AwKo-I-cn-°m-sa∂v hm°p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]e-hn-[Ø- n¬ bn^-Xmlv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ Hm¿Ωn-
∏n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ P\-Øn-t∑¬ Hcp adhv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
IqSmsX kz¥ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cm¬ Xm≥ XyPn-°-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNbv X p.- A - h ¿ ASnaØØn- e m- ° - s ∏- ´ - t ∏mƒ
Xs∂ Hm¿°bpw Ah-cpsS c£-I-\mbn Ahs\ hnfn-
°-bpw- sNbvXp. Knse-bm-Zysc klm-b-°m-sa∂p kΩ-
Xn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS bn^vXmlv Ah-cpsS c£-I-\m-bn-cn-°m-
sa-∂Xv AwKo-I-cn-®p. ]s£ AtXm-sSm∏w AhcpsS
A[n-]-\p-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Xm≥ iTn-®p.
11:12-˛28 AtΩm-\y-cpsS cmPm-hns‚s ASp-°¬ ZqX-
∑msc Ab-®v, Xs‚ Itø-‰-Øn-s‚ ImcWw hni-Z-am-
°p-hm-\p-≈ Hc-hk - cw X\n°v \evIp-Is- b-∂X
- m-bn-cp-∂p.
bn^vXm-lns‚ BZysØ \S-]S- n. bn{km-tb¬ P\w an{k-
bn-an¬ \n∂pw I\m-\n-te°v bm{X sNbvX-t∏mƒ Xs‚
`qan, A]-l-cn-s®-Sp-Øp-sh∂v cmPmhv ]cm-Xn-s∏-´p.
Aßs\b√m-bn-cp∂p kw`-h-sa∂v bn^vXmlv hy‡-am-
°n. GtZm- a y¿ (B- h .2:4.5). tamhm- _ y¿ (B- h .2:9)
AtΩm-\y¿ (B-h.2:19)-˛C-h-sc-√m-hcpw blq-Z-∑m-cpsS
AI∂ Nm¿®-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p˛ F∂n-h-cp-ambn CS-s]-S-cp-
269
sX∂v btlmh Xs‚ P\-Øn\p \n¿t±iw sImSp-Øn-cp-
∂p. AXp-sIm≠v bn{k-tb¬ GtZmw tZihpw tamhm_v
tZihpw Np‰n-bmWv k©-cn-®Xv Fßs\bmbm-epw, Ah¿
AtΩm-\y-cpsS tZiØv FØn-b-t∏mƒ, AXn-t\m-SIw
Xs∂ AtΩmcy cmPm-hmb kotlm≥ AXp ]nSn-®-S-
°n-bn-cp-∂p. AtΩm-\ysc tXm¬∏n-®mWv bn{km-tb¬
Cu tZiw ssIh-I-am-°n-b-Xv.
AtΩm\y cmPmhv B tZi-Øn-t∑-ep≈ Xs‚ Ah-
Imiw ]n≥ hen-°p-hm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®-t∏mƒ bn^m-Xmlv
bp≤-Øn-s\m-cpßn.
3. bn^m-Xm-lns‚ Xocp-am\w (11:29-˛40)
bp≤w Pbn®p aSßn hcp-tºmƒ,X-s‚ ho´n¬ \n∂pw
BZyw Xs∂ FXn-tc‰p hcp-∂-sXt¥m AXp btlm-h-
bv ° p- ≈ - X mIpw F∂p bp≤- Ø n\p t]mIpw aptº
bn^v X mlv Xocp- a m- \ n- ® n- c p∂p. AtΩm- \ y- c psSta¬
btlmh Ah\p hnPbw \evIn, Xm≥ aSßn hcp-tºmƒ
Xs‚ aIƒ Xs∂ FXn-tc‰p sN∂p. bn^vXmlv Xs‚
Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw Ahsf btlm-hbv°v A¿∏n-®p.
bn^vXmlv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Xs‚ aI-tfmSv sNbvX-
sX¥v F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v H´-[n-I-amb A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-
k-ß-fp≠v H∂m-asØ A`n-{]m-bw, bn^vXmlv Ahsf
sIm∂v ssZh-Øn\v Zl-\-bm-Z-ambn A¿∏n-®p-sh-∂p-≈-
Xm-Wv. \c-_en _o`-’hpw ssZhw Hcn-°epw AwKo-I-
cn-°m-ØX - p-am-sW-¶n-epw(-Bh
- .18:9˛14) ]pkvXI
- Ø
- n-ep≈
G‰hpw hy‡-amb A¿∞w Hcp-]s£ CXmWv arK-
ßsf am{Xta bmKw Ign-®n-cp-∂p≈q a\p-jysc ssZh-
Øn\pth≠n ka¿∏n-°bpw ]n∂oSv ]Ww sImSpØv
Ahsc hos≠-Sp-°p-Ibpam-bn-cp∂p sNb-Xn-cp-∂Xv (]p-
d13:12,13;tehy27:1˛8)
btlm-h-bp-sS ip{iq-j-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Hcp
\nXy-I-\y-I-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v bn^vXmlv Xs‚ aIsf
btlm-hbv°v \evIn-sb-∂-XmWv as‰mcp s]mXp A`n-
{]m-bw. Xs‚ ho´p-hm-Xn-ev°¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ FXn-tc‰p
hcp-∂Xv btlm-h-bv°p-≈-Xm-Ipw, As√-¶n¬ Rm≥
AXp Zl-\-bm-K-ambn A¿∏n°pw (hm.31) F∂m-bn-cp∂p
bn^v X mlv ]d- ™ Xv F∂ Bi- b sØ i‡- a mbn
]n≥Xm-ßp-∂-h≥ ÿm]n-°p-∂p. 37-˛39 hmIy-߃ \nXy
I\y-ImXzw F∂ Bi-bsØ i‡-ambn ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂p.
GtXmcp Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ {]Xn-⁄-I-
sfm-∂pw sNøphm≥ ]mSn√ F∂ ]mT-amWv CXv \ap°v
\evIp-∂X - v.
4. bn^vXmlv F{^o-bn-aysc sIm√p-∂p(12:1˛7)
12:1˛4 bn^vXmlns‚ hnP-bØ - n¬ Akq-bm-ep-°f - mb
F{^-bn-ay¿, bp≤-Øn¬ ]¶p tNcp-hm≥ Xßsf A\p-
h-Zn-®n-√m-sb∂p bn^-Xm-ln-t\mSp ]cm-Xn-s∏´p klm-b-
Øn-\mbn Xm\-h-tcm-S-`y¿∞n-®p-sh-¶nepw AXv hy¿∞-
ambncp∂p-sh∂ hkvXpX bn^vXmlv Ahsc Hm¿Ω-s∏-
Sp-Øn. Knse-bm-Zy¿ \n m-c-∑mcpw F{^n-bn-ay¿ ]mem-bn-
X-∑m-cp-am-sW∂v ]d™v Kne-bm-Zy-cmb bn^vXm-lns‚
Bfp-Isf F{^-bn-ay¿ ]cn-l-kn-®p. (Cu F{^n-bn-ay¿
270 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 12,13
{]iv\-a-≠m-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. KnZ-tbm≥ anZy-\ysc
tXmev]n-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ {]iv\-ap-≠m°n (A.8), -C-
t∏mƒ \ymbamb Imc-W-ß-fn-√msX bn^vXm-lp-ambn
Ah¿ Ie-ln-®p.)
12:5˛6 bn^vXmlpw Iq´cpw F{^n-bn-aysc B{I-an-°p-
Ibpw Ah¿°p c£-s]-Sp-hm-\p≈ am¿§-amb tbm¿±ms‚
IS-hpI-sf√mw AS®p If-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbm¿±m≥ IS-
°p-hm≥ Bsc-sb-¶nepw A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿
AXn\p apºv IS∂p t]mIm≥ A\p-aXn In´p-∂-\-Xn-
\p≈ ]Z-amb ""int∫mteØv'' (H-gp-Ip∂ Acp-hn) F∂
kt¶X ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ \n¿_‘n-X-\mbncp∂p.
Cu hm°v F{^n-bn-ay¿°v icn-bmbn D®-cn-∏m≥ Ign-bp-
am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ knt∫m-te-Øv(10) F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xn-
eqsS Xß-fpsS hy‡n-XzsØ H‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. \mev]Ø - n-c≠
- m-bncw F{^n-bn-aysc tbm¿±m-¶¬ h®v
bn^vXmlv sIm∂p Xs‚ kz¥w tZi-°m-cpsS `bm-\-
I-amb Hcp sIme-]m-X-Iw.
ssZh-P\ - ß
- f
- psS CS-bn¬ Xs∂-bp≈ CØcw t]mcm-
´-߃ ZpxJ-ap-f-hm-°p-∂-h-bmWv. F{^-bn-ay-cpsS c‡w
Ct∏mƒ AtΩ-\y-cpsS c‡-hp-ambn CS-Ie - ¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Ønse tim`n-°p∂ ÿe-
߃ t]mepw sImSpw Zpcn-X-ß-fm¬ Ipe-jn-X-am-bn-cp-
∂p. hfsc tami-amb Hc-`n-{]m-b-amWv dnUu´v \¬In-bn-
cn-°p-∂X
- v.
aX \nµsb t\cn-Sp-Ibpw AXns\ AXn-Po-hn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmWv Ct∏mƒ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°v t\sc
hmsf-Sp-°p-Ibpw kXy- kw-_-‘-ambn {]m[m-\y-ap≈
X¿°-hn-j-b-ß-f-√mØ Imcy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
t]mcmSpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CsXmcp ]c-am¿∞-
at√?(11)
12:7 Hcp \ymbm-[n-]s
- \∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ bn^vXm-lns‚
tkh\w Bdp-h¿j-tØ-°m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\p tijw
Ah≥ acn®p Knse-bm-Zn¬ Ahs\ AS°w sNbvXp
KnsZ-tbm≥, _mcm-°v, inwtim≥ F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w
bn^vXm-ln-s\-°p-dn®pw F{_m 11:32 ˛¬ FSp-Øp-≤-cn-
®n-cn-°p∂p Ah¿s°√mw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb tZmj-ßf - p-≠m-
bn-cp∂p F¶nepw Hcn-°e - s
- √-¶n¬ as‰m-cn-°¬ Xß-fpsS
AXn-a-l-Øm-b- hn-izmkw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-h-cm-bn-cp∂p
Ah-sc-√mw.
I.- C-_vkm≥, Gtem≥, A_vtZm≥ (12:8˛15)
12:8-˛10 C_vkm≥ bn{k-mtb-en¬ Ggp kwh-’cw
\ymb-]m-e\w sNbvXp t_Xvetlw kztZ-in-bmb Ah\v
ap∏Xp ]p{X-∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ap∏Xp I\y-I-amsc
Ah¿°p-th≠n Xm≥ sIm≠p-h-∂p(-F∂p h®m¬ Xs‚-
tKm{XØn\p ]pd-Øp-≈-h-sc-∂¿∞w) Ahs\ Ipdn®v
\ap-°-dn-bm-hp∂ Imcy-߃ C{X-am-{X-am-Wv.
12:11,12 Gtem≥ sk_q-eq¨ tKm{X-°m-c-\mbncp∂p
]Øp h¿jw \ymbm- [ n- ] ≥ F∂ \ne- b n¬ Xm≥
{]h¿Øn®p Aø-tem≥ Xmgvhcbn¬ Ahs\ AS-°n.
12:13-˛15 lnt√-en¬ aI-\mb A_vtZm≥, F{^bnw
tZiØv Aam-te-Iy-cpsS ae-\m-´n-se ]ocotYm-\n¬ \n∂p-
≈-h\- m-bn-cp-∂p. F´p- h¿jw Ah≥ bn{km-tb-en\p \ymb-
]m-e\w sNbvXp.-Xs‚ \mev]Xp ]p{X-∑msc Ipdn®pw
ap∏Xv ]u{X-∑msc Ipdn®pw {]tXyIw FSpØp ]d-™n-
´p-≠v.
J. inwtim≥ (A.13-˛16)
inwtims‚ ssZhoI ]mc-º-cyw(-A.13)
13:1˛3 bn{kmtb¬ a°ƒ ]ns∂bpw btlm-hbv°v
A\n-jvS-am-bp-≈Xv sNbvXp F∂v CXv Ggmw Xh-W-
bmWv \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mw hmbn-°p-
∂-Xv. B {]-hrØn ho≠pw Bcw-`n-°p-I-bm-Wv. C{]m-
hniyw s^en-kvXy-cmWv bn{km-tb-ens\ \mev]Xp kwh-
’cw ASn-a-I-fm-°n-b-Xv. bn{k-tb¬ s^en-kvXy-cm¬
]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬, Zm≥
tKm{X-Ønse at\m-l-bpsS `mcy°v btlm-h-bpsS
ZqX≥(-{In-kvXp) {]Xy-£\- m-bn, a®n-bm-bn-cp∂ Ahƒ Hcp
aIs‚ amXm-hmbn Xocp-sa∂v ]d-™p. h‘y-X-bp≈
K¿`m-ibw ]e-t∏mgpw ssZhoI ]≤-Xn-If - nse Hcp Bcw-
`ÿm\am-Wv. Ah¿ \n¿÷o-h-Xz-Øn¬\n∂pw Pohs\
hnfn®p hcp-Øp-∂p. D≈-Xns\ C√mbva sNøp-hm≥ GXp-
an-√m-Ø-Xns\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
13:1˛3 Cu aI≥ Xs‚ AΩ-bpsS K¿`w apX¬ Poh-
]-cy¥w \mko-cm-bn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp∂p. Ah≥ ho™pw
aZyhpw IpSn-°m-sXbpw apSn I{Xn-°m-sXbpw Ccn-°-W-
am-bn-cp∂p Ahs‚ AΩbpw ho™v aZyw Aip-≤-amb
hkvXp-°ƒ F∂nh h¿÷n-°-Ww.
\mko¿ hrX-ÿs\ Ipdn-®p≈ hN\ ]›m-Øew
a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ kwJy 6:2 hmbn-°p-I. km[m-cW - b- mbn
Hcp hy‡n kz¥ CjvS{- ]-Im-cw-FS- p-°p∂ Xocp-am-\a- mWv
\mko¿ hrXw F∂m¬ inwtim-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬ \mko¿
hrXw Xs‚ P\-\w- ap-X¬ acWw hsc-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
13:8˛14 btlm-h-bpsS ZqX≥ ho≠p-sam-cn-°¬ IqSn
{]Xy-£-s∏´v IqSp-X¬ \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn
at\ml {]m¿∞n-®p. Aßs\ btlm-h-bpsS ZqX≥
ho≠pw B kv{Xo°v {]Xy-£-\m-bn, B kz¿§ob
kµ¿i-Is\ ImWp-hm≥ Ahƒ XnSp-°-Øn¬ Xs‚
`¿Øm-hns\ hnfn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-∂p-sh-¶nepw IqSp-X-em-bp
≈ \n¿t±-i-ß-sfm∂pw Xm≥ B ka-bØv \evIn-bn-√.
13:15-˛18 Ah≥ shdp-samcp a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p sh∂p
Nn¥n® at\ml btlm-h-bpsS ZqX-\p-th≠n Hcp hncp-
s∂m-cp-°p-hm≥ `mhn®p. F∂m¬ Htcm Xc-Øn-ep≈
hsc-t∏mse at\m-l-tbm-sSm∏w `£n-∏m≥ ZqX≥ Iq´m-
°n-bn√ AXn-\p-]-I-c-ambn Hcp B´n≥ Ip´nsb btlm-
hbv°v Zl-\-bm-K-ambn A¿∏n-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ \n¿t±-in®p
ZqXs‚ t]cp tNmZn® at\m-l-tbmSp ZqX≥ ]d-™-Xv.
AXp AXn-i-b-ap-≈-X-Ip∂p F∂mWv. sbi 9:6˛¬
tbip I¿Øm-hn\p \evIs - ∏-´n-´p≈ t]cp-If
- n-sem-∂m-Wn
Xv.
13:19-- ˛23 Aßs\ at\ml Hcp tImem-´n≥Ip-´nsb
btlm-hbv°v bmKw Ign®p btlmh kzbw {]Xy-£-
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 13,14,15
s∏-´X
- m-bn-cp∂p CsX∂p hy‡-am-°n-s°m-≠v, B ZqX≥
bmK-]o-TØn-t∑¬ \n∂pb¿∂ Xo Pzme-bn¬ kz¿§-
Ønte°v Ib-dn-t∏m-bn. at\m-lbpw `mcybpw kmjvSmKw
hoWv \a-kvI-cn-®p.B ZqX≥ ssZh-tØ-°mƒ Xmgv∂-h-
\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ DNn-X-a-√m-Xm-Ip-am-bn-cp∂ Hcp {]hy-
Øn. ssZhw Ah-cpsS ]°¬ \n∂v tlma-bm-Khpw t`mP-
\-bm-Khpw ssIs°m-≠-Xp-sIm-≠v, Ah¿ ssZhsØ
I≠p-sh-¶nepw AXns‚ ^e-ambn acn-°-bn-√.
13:24,25 AXn\p tijw Ah¿°v Hcp aI≥ P\n®p
Ah\p inwtim≥ (sN-dnb kqcy≥) F∂p t]cn´p btlm-
h-bpsS Bflmhv i‡-ambn Ahs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv hfsc thK-Øn¬ hy‡-am-bn.
thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Npcp-°w-Nne hy‡n-Iƒ am{Xta
Xß-fpsS i‡n-bpsSbpw _e-lo-\-X-bp-tSbpw CØ-
cØn- e p≈ Hcp hyXymkw {]Z¿in- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p≈p.
inwtims\ Ipdn®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ km[m-cW - b- mbn \mw
Ahs‚ i‡n-sb-°p-dn-®mWv Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ \·-
amb Ic-߃sIm≠v Ah≥ Hcp knwl-sØ- sIm-∂p
(\ymbm 14:6) H‰ ssIsIm≠v ap∏Xp s^en-kvXysc
sIm∂p(14:19)blq-Zy¿ Xs∂ _‘n-®n-cp∂ Ib¿ s]m´n-
®p If-™v, Hcp Igp-X-bpsS XmSn-sb-√p-sIm≠v Bbncw
s^en-kvXysc sIm∂p(15:14-˛16) s^en-kvXy¿ Hcp-°nb
Hcp- sIWn-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s]-Sp∂ Ahk-cØ - n¬ K -
bpsS ]´-W-hm-Xn¬ Cf-°n-sb-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Ah≥ \S-
∂p-t]mbn (16:3) Zeo-e-bpsS hnizm-k-h-©-\-bn¬ \n∂pw
aq∂p {]mhiyw Ah≥ c£-s]-´p˛ Hcn-°¬ Xs∂ _‘n-
®n-cp∂ DW-ßmØ Ggp ]®- Rm¨ s]m´n-®p-sIm≠v
c£-s]-´p. ]n∂oSv Hcn-°¬ Xs∂ _‘n-®n-cp∂ ]pXnb
Ib¿ shdpw \qep-t]mse s]m´n-®p-If - ™p sIm≠v c£
s]´p ho≠pw Hcn-°¬ Xs‚ Ggp PU _‘n-®n-cp∂
s\bvXp-X-Sn-bp-sS Ip‰nbpw ]mhpw ]dn-s®-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v
c£-s]´p (16:6˛14). Ah-km-\-ambn ZmtKms‚ t£{X-
Øn¬ s^en- k v X y¿°p- t h- ≠ n Ifn- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c p∂
inwtim≥, t£{X-Øns‚ XqWp-Iƒ ]nSn-®p-h-en-®p-sIm-
≠v, Xs‚ Poh-Im-eØp sIm∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬
t]sc Xs‚ acW ka-bØp sIm∂p(16:30)
F∂m¬ inwtims‚ _e-lo-\-X-Ifpw hfsc {]I-S-
am-Wv. kv{XoIsf kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp _e-lo-\X X\n-
°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xs∂ {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp kv{Xosb
Int´-≠-Xn\p ssZh-tØmSv A\p-k-c-W-t°Sv ImWn-°p-
∂-Xn\v Xm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p(14:1˛7). Ah≥ Xs‚ amXm-
]n-Xm-°-tfbp A\p-k-cn-®n-√(14:3). Ah≥ h©n-°p-am-bn-
cp∂p (14:9,16:7,11,13). ssZh-h-P-\-Øns‚ i{Xp-hmbncp∂
ap∏Xp s^en-kvXy-cp-ambn kmtlm-Zc - y-_‘w ÿm]n®p
(14:11-18). Ah≥ tIm]-Øn\pw ]Ibv°pw hgn-sbm-cp°n
(14:19;15:4,5). Xs‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ {Iqc-amb Hcp {]h-W-
X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p(15:4.5). Ah≥ Hcp thiy-bp-ambn kl-
h-kn-®p(16:1,2). ZpjvSXsIm≠v Ah≥ t\cw-t]m°n
(16:6˛14). i{Xp-hn\v Xs‚ i‡n-bpsS clkyw shfn-s∏-
SpØn sImSp-Øp(16:17,18). Ah≥ [m¿jvSy-ap-≈-h\pw
henb Bfl-hn-izm-k-°m-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. (16:20). Ah-km-
271
\-tØXv F∂m¬ \n m-ca - √
- m-ØX
- v, Ah≥ Xs‚ \mko¿
hrXw sX‰n-®p(14:9).
2. inwtims‚ hncp∂pw IS-¶-Y-bpw (A.14)
14:1˛4 Hcp s^enkvXy I\y-Isb hnhmlw sNøp-
hm-\p≈ inwtims‚ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Ahs‚ X∂njvSw
{]I-S-am-°-s∏-´p˛ s^en-kvXy-¿ bn{km-b-tb-eys‚ i{Xp-
°-fm-bn-cp∂p ˛ Ahs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ahs\ ]n¥n-
cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-s®-¶nepw Xs‚ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Dd®p
\n∂p inwtim-s‚ A\pkc-W-t°Sv btlmh AwKo-I-
cn-®p-sh∂v 4˛mw hmIy-Øn-\¿∞-an-√. adn®v bn{km-tb-en-
s‚ t£aØn¬ i{Xp°sf in£n-°p∂Xn\pw th≠nbm-
bn-cp∂p Ah≥- AXv A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw tae-[n-Im-c-ap-]-
tbm-Kn®v d±v sNø-phm≥]-±Xn CSp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
14:5˛7 amXm]n-Xm-°t- fm-sS∏w s^enkvXy ]´-Wa
- mb
Xnav\-bn-te-°p≈ bm{Xm at≤y Hcp _me-knwlw
inwtims\ `b- s ∏- S p- Ø n. At∏mƒ btlm- h - b psS
Bflmhv i‡n-tbmsS Ahs‚ ta¬ h∂p. Iøn¬ H∂p-
an√mXncns° AXns\ sIm∂p If-bp-hm≥ Ahs\ i‡-
\m-°n. Hcp ]s£ Cu kabw hnhm-l-Øn-\p≈ Hcp-°-
߃ sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
14:8,9 ]n∂oSv inwtim≥ Xs‚ h[p-hns\ Bh-iy-
s∏-tS-≠-Xn\v Xnav\-bn-te°v aSßn hcp-tºmƒ, Xm≥
sIm∂ knwl-Øns‚ DS-en-\-IØp tX≥ I≠p, AXv
FSpØp amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v sImSp-Øp. ih-Øn-\m¬
Aip≤-am-b-XmWv Cu tXs\∂v Ah≥ Xs‚ amXm-]n-
Xm-°-tfmSv ]d-™n-´n-√ (-\m-ko¿ {hX-ÿ-\mb Ah≥
Hcp NØ arKsØ sXm´pXp sIm≠v Xs‚ {hXw `Ko-
I-ambn sX‰n-®p).
14:10-˛14 Xn∑-bn¬ Hcp henb hnhm-l-hn-cp∂v Hcp-°-
s∏- ´ n- c p∂p. AhnsS Xs‚ ap∏Xp tXmg- ∑ m- t cmSv
inwtim≥ Hcp ISw-¶Y tNmZn-®p, Ah¿ AXns‚ DØcw
]d-™m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Hmtcm D≈¶n hoXw sImSp-
°m-sa∂v Ah≥ ]d-™p. A√m-Ø-]£w Ah¿ Ah\v
ap∏Xp hntij hkv{Xhpw ap∏Xp D≈-¶nbpw sImSp-
t°Ww IS-¶Y CXm-bn-cp-∂p.
""t`m‡m-hn¬ \n∂pw t`mP-\hpw
a√-\n¬ \n∂p a[p-chpw ]pd-s∏-´p.''
Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah≥ knwlsØ sIm∂Xpw AXns‚
DS-en-\-IØp tX≥ Is≠-Øn-b-Xp-amWv Dt±-in-®-Xv.
14:15-˛18 B ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v AXns‚ DØcw In´msX
h∂-t∏mƒ, inwtims‚ ]°¬\n∂pw AXp t\Sn-sb-Sp-
°p-hm≥ Ahs‚ `mcysb `ojWn hm°p-I-fm¬ t{]cn-
∏n-®p. Ahƒ A{]-Imcw sNøp-Ibpw B ap∏Xv ]pcp-j-
∑m¿°v AXv hnh-cn®p sImSp-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp. Ah¿
DØ-c-hp-ambn inwtims‚ ASp-°¬ h∂v hkv{X-߃
Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Ah¿ Xs‚ `mcy-bp-ambn kl-I-cn-®mWv
DØcw ]d-™-sX∂v inwtim\v At∏mƒ a\- n-em-bn.
14:19,20 B ]pcp-j∑
- m-cpsS ISw ho´p-hm-\p≈ hkv{X-
Øn-\mbn Ah≥ AkvI-tem-\n¬ sN∂p tIm]-tØmSv
272 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 15,16
ap∏Xv t]sc sIm∂p, Ah-cpsS DSp-∏q-cn-sb-Sp-Øp. AXn-
\p-tijw hnhmlw ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-tS≠ Ggmw Znhkw
kzm`-h-\-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-bn. inwtim-s‚ `mcy
Ahs‚ Iq´p-Im-c\
- m-bn-cp∂ tXmg∂p `mcy-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p.
3.- inw-tims‚ {]Xn-Imc \S-]-Sn(-A.15)
15:1-˛6 Xs‚ `mcy-bpsS ASp-Øp-sN-√p-hm≥ AΩm-b-
∏≥ Ahs\ A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, Ah≥ aq∂qdp
Ipdp-°∑ - msc ]nSn®p Cuc-≠mbn hmtem-Sp-hm¬ tN¿Øp
sI´n AXn- s ‚- \- S p- h n¬ Hmtcm ]¥w h®p. Xo
sImfpØn s^en-kvXy-cpsS hnf-hn-te°v hn´p I‰bpw
hnfhpw Henhp tXm´-ß-fp-sa√mw Np´p-I-f-™p-sIm≠v
Xs‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb ]I- ho´n. {Iqchpw ^e-iq-\y-hp-
amb Cu {]hy-Øn-bpsS ImcWw s^en-kvXy¿ a\- n-
em-°p-Ibpw inwtims‚ `mcy-tbbpw Ah-fpsS ]nXm-hn-
t\bpw Np´p sIm∂psIm≠v ]I-cw-ho-´p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
15:7˛13 inwtims‚ {]Xn-Imcw hen-sbmcp Iq´w s^en-
kvXysc sIm∂p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw Ah≥
sN∂p blqZm tZi-Øn¬ GXmw ]mc-bpsS Klz-cØ - n¬
]m¿Øp. F∂m¬ A{Iaw IqSp-X¬ A{I-a-߃°v XpS-
°-an-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. s^en-kvXy¿ Ahs\ ]n¥p-
S¿∂p sN∂-t∏mƒ, blq-Zy¿, s^en-kvXy-¿ Xßsf
hmgp-I-bm-sW∂v ASn-a-I-sf-t∏mse sN∂p Ah-s\
Hm¿Ωn- ∏ n- ® p. Ah- c p- s S- Poh≥ c£n- ∏ m≥ th≠n
inwtims\ kpc-£n-X-\mbn ]nSn-®p-sI´n i{Xp-°sf
Gev]n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw kΩ-Xn®p Xs‚ kz¥
tZi-°m¿ Xs∂ sIm√p-I-bn-s√-∂-dn™ inwtim≥
AXn\p kΩ-Xn-®p. Hc-Sna at\m-`m-h-Øn-te°v A[-]-
Xn® Ah≥, inwtims\ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw
i{Xp-°-tfmSv Iqdv ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw kz¥w tZi-°m-cs\
H‰n- sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Xßsf Xs∂ c£n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
15:14-˛17 inwtims‚ HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Ønse al-
Xz-am¿∂ \nan-j-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv XpS¿∂p-≈-Xv. _‘-\-
ÿ-\mbn ]pd-Øp-h∂ Ah-s‚ ta¬ btlm-h-bpsS
Bflmhv i‡n-tbmsS h∂p. Hcp Igp-X-bpsS ]®-Øm-
Sn-sb-√p-sIm≠v Bbncw s^en-kvXysc sIm∂p If™p
B ÿe-Øn\v Ah≥ cmamØv teln (Xm-Sn-sb-√ns‚
D∂-X-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ) F∂p am¿÷n-\n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-
°p∂p)F∂p t]cn-´p.
\njv^e-sa∂p tXm∂p∂ AØ-cs - am-cm-bp-[w-sIm≠v
btlmh C{X-h-en-sbmcp hnPbw F¥p sIm≠p \evIn-
sb∂p Hcp-h≥ A¤p-X-s∏-t´°mw inwtim\v Aip-≤-
am-bXv bmsXm∂pw sXmSp-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. NØ
Hcp arK-Øn-s‚ `mK-am-bXn\m¬ XmSn F√p Xo¿®-bmbpw
Aip-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ hne-sI´ D]-I-c-W-߃
sIm≠v ssZh-Øm¬ \evI-s∏´ B hnPbw Bam-\p-jn-
I-am-bn-cp∂psh∂v Akm-[m-cWamb Cu Bbp[w sXfn-
bn-°p-∂p. Atß-b‰ - sØ {]Xn-k‘
- n-L´- ß- f - n¬, km[m-
cW \ne-bn¬- A\phZ-\o-b-a-√mØ \nb-a-`wKw btlm-
h- A\phZn-°p∂p F∂-Xns‚ Hcp-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv.
15:18˛20 sh≈-Øn-\m-bp≈ inwtims‚ {]m¿∞-\-
bpsS adp-]-Sn-bmbn ssZhw A¤p-X-I-c-amb hn[-Øn¬
teln-bn¬ Hcp \ocp-dh Xpd∂p. Acphn F∂¿∞-ap-≈-
G≥-˛-l-t°msc F∂p t]cn-´p.
inwtims‚ HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Ønse tIfn-tI´
Cu Ime-L-´-amWv bn{km-tb-ense Ccp-]Xp h¿jsØ
Ahs‚ \ymb-]m-e-\-ambn ssZhm-flmhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
4. inwtim≥ sZeo-ebm¬ h-©n-°-s∏´p (A.16)
Xs‚ `c-W-Øn¬ Gsd-Ip-dsb Ah-km\ ka-b-Øv-
A-\n-b-{¥n-X-amb Xs‚- PU-tam-lw, s^enkvXy ]´-W-
amb K -bnse Hcp thiy-bpsS `h-\-Øn-te°v Xs∂
\bn®p. Ah-km\w Xß-fpsS i{Xp-hn-s\ sIWnbnem-
°n-sb∂p ]´-W-°m-¿ hn-Nm-cn®p. F∂m¬ inwtim≥
]mXn-cm-{Xn-bn¬ Fgp-t∂‰p ]´-Wh
- m-Xn-en-s‚ IXIpw I´n-
f-°m¬ c≠pw HmSm-º-tem-Sp-IqsS ]dn-s®-SpØv Npa-en¬
h®v ]pd-s∏-´p. \mev]Xp ssa¬ AIse slt{_-s\-Xn-
sc-bp≈ ae-ap-I-fn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn.
16:4˛10 AXns‚ tijw inwtim≥ Zeoe F∂p
t]cp≈ Hcp s^enkvXy kv{Xosb kvt\ln-®p. Cu
hkvXp-X-b-dn™ s^enkvXy {]`p°∑m¿, inwtims\
hio-I-cn®v Ah-s‚ almi‡n-bpsS clkyw shfn-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahƒ°p henb {]Xn-^ew sImSp-
°m-sa∂p hm°p sImSp-Øp. Ah-fpsS H∂m-asØ {ia-
Øn¬, Hcn-°epw DW-ßmØ ]® RmWp-sIm≠p _‘n-
®m¬ Xs‚ i‡n £bn-°p-sa∂v inwtim≥ ]d™
{]Imcw Ggp ]® RmWp-sIm≠v Ahƒ Ahs\ _‘n-
®n´v s^en-kvXy¿ Xs‚ ta¬ NmSn hogp-hm≥ t]mIp-
∂p-sh∂v inwtimt\mSv ]d™p. F∂m¬ inwtim-\m-
Is´ NW-\q¬ t]mse AXns\ s]m´n®p If-™p.
16:11,12 c≠masØ {ia-Øn¬, iowtims‚ \n¿t±-i-a-
\p-k-cn®v sZeoe ]pXnb Ib-dp-sI≠v Ahs\ _‘n-
®n´v s^en-kvXy¿ sIm√p-hm≥ hcp-∂p-sh∂p ]d™p
ho≠pw Hcp \q¬ t]mse Ah-\Xp s]m´n®p If™p.
16:13,14 At∏mgpw XotbmSp Ifn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p inwtim≥. Xs‚ Xe-bn-se Ggp-P-Ubpw
\q¬∏m-hn¬ tN¿Øp s\bvXm¬ Xm≥ \n -lm-b-\mbn
Xocpw F∂p Zeo-e-tbmSp ]d-™p. A{]-Imcw sNbvX
Ahƒ s^en-kvXy¿ Xs∂ sIm√p-hm≥ hcp-∂p-sh∂
ap∂-dn-bn-t∏msS Ahs\ DW¿Øn F∂m¬ s\bvØp
XSn-bp-sS Ip‰nbpw ]mhpw Ah≥ ]dn-s®-Sp-Øp.
16:15-˛20 Xf¿∂ inwtim≥ HSp-hn¬ Xs‚ i‡n-bpsS
clkyw sZeo-e-b°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-Øp. Xs‚
i‡n-bpsS Dd-hn-S-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ahs‚ \of-ap≈ apSn,
]s£ Hcp \mko¿ {hX-°m-c-\m-Wv˛ AXm-bXv ssZh-
Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp th¿]mSv ˛Xm-s\-∂-Xn-s‚ Hcp
_mly-A-S-bm-f-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. \o≠ apSn-b√ adn®v
ssZh-hp-am-bn-´p≈ Xs‚ _‘as{X Xs∂ i‡-\m-°n-
bn-cp-∂-Xv. F¶nepw Xs‚ apSn apdn®p If-™m¬ Xm≥
i‡n-lo-\-\mbn Xocp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ iIvXn-bpsS
clkyw X\n°v In´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ct∏mƒ sZeo-
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 16,17
e°v a\- n-embn Ah≥ sZeo-e-bp-sS aSn-bn¬ Dd-
ßptºmƒ Ahƒ s^en-kvXysc Bf-b®p hcp-Øn. Ah-
cn-sem-cmƒ Ah-s‚ PU apdn-®p-I-f-™p. Aß-s\
Ahs‚ i‡n Ahs\ hn´p-t]m-bn.
kn.- F-®v.- am-°n≥tSmjv {]kvXm-hn-®-Xv:
inwtims‚ lrZ-b-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ i‡-am-bn-
cp∂p sZeo-e-bpsS aSn-sb∂p sXfn-™p. Bbncw s^en-
kvXy¿°v Ign-bm-Ø-XmWv Hcp kv{Xo Xs‚ sIWn-bn-
em-°p∂ hio-I-c-W-Øm¬ km[n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv.(12) Dd°ap
W¿∂ inwtim≥ btlmh Xs∂ hn´p F∂-dn-bmsX
Xs‚ i‡n kam-l-cn-°p-hm≥ {ian-®p.
16:21,22 s^en-kvXy¿ Ahs‚ IÆp IpØn-s∏m-´n-®-
tijw K -bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]mbn , AhnsS Ahs\
Pbn-en-e-S®p. Imcm-{K-l-Øn-e-S-bv°-s∏´ Ah≥ amhp
s]mSn-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-´p. _‘n-°p∂ (bind-
ing) A‘-\m-°p∂ (blinding) s]mSn-°p∂ (grinding)
]m]-Øn-s‚ _‘\w F∂v Cu {Xnhn[ A[:]X-\sØ
Btcm Hcmƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-s‚s#
apSn kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ ho≠pw hf¿∂p XpS-ßn.
16:23-˛31 s^enkvXy {]`p-°-∑m¿ , Xß-fpsS tZh-
\mb ZmtKms‚ D’-ht- Øm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬-Hcp henb
_en \S-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ, Xß-fp-sS tZh≥ X߃°p-th≠n
sNbvX-Xns‚ Hcp {]Z¿i-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ inwtims\
Ahn-tS°v sIm≠p-h∂p. Xs‚ A`ym-k-߃ sIm≠v
Ahsc kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ Ahs\ \n¿_-
‘n®p. D’-h-Øn-\n-S-bn¬, t£{X-Øn\p Xmßm-bn-cp∂
\S-Øq-Wp-Iƒ c≠nepw ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v klm-bØ - n-\mbn
btlm-h-tbmSv hnfn-®-t]-£n-®n-´v, Ah≥ XqWp-I-fn¬
Nmcn, B sI´nSw XI¿Øp-I-f-™p. AXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂
kIe P\hpw sIm√-s∏-´p. Xs‚ Poh-Im-eØp sIm∂-
Xn-t\-°mƒ A[nIw t]sc inwtim≥ Xs‚ acWka-
bØp sIm∂p F∂-XmWv ZpxJ-Ic - a
- mb tcJ. Xs‚ Pohn-
X-Øn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw s^en-kvXy-tcmSp IqsS kl-h-kn-
°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS kv{XoIsf XSp-Øp-Iq-Sm-Ø-h-cmbn
ImWp-Ibpw sNbvX inwtim≥ Xs‚ ac-W-k-a-bØv
ZmtKms‚ t£{Xm-h-in-jvS-߃°n-S-bn¬ At\I ih-
߃s°m∏w Hcp ih-ambn s^en-kvXy-tcm-sSm-∏-amWv
Ct∏mƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. th¿]mSv Hcp cmP-Iob acWw
Ah\v t\Sn-sIm-Sp-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ChnsS \n m-c-ambn
IW-°m-°-cp-XmØ hfsc Kuc-h-I-c-amb Hcp ]mT-amWv
\ap°v e`n-°p-∂-Xv. th¿]mSv (hn-ip-≤n) Ipd-™p-t]m-
Ip-∂-Xp-aqew i‡n Ipd-™p-t]m-Ibpw X∑qew \mi-
Øn\p Imc-W-ambn Xocp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]m]-Øn\p
\ΩpsS Ah-b-h-ßsf Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv kz¥w
\mi-Øn\p hgn sXfn-°p-∂p. inwtims‚ ih-i-cocw
Ahs‚ _‘p- ° ƒ h∂v Zms‚ `q{]- t Z- i - t Ø°p
sIm≠p-t]m-bn. Ahn-sS-kw-kvI-cn-®p.
III. aX]chpw [m¿Ωn-Ihpw cmjv{So-
b-hp-amb A[x-]-X\w (A.17-˛21).
\ymbm[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Cu Ah-km-\-
`mKw, Gsd-°psd Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-\p≈ Hcp A\p-
273
_‘w t]mse-b-bm-Wv. kabw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂n-S-
tØmfw 17-˛21 hsc-bp≈ A≤ym-b-߃ kw`-h-hn-h-c-
WsØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂X - √
- . adn®v \ymbm-[n-]∑
- m-cpsS
Ime-L-´-Øn¬ bn{k-tb¬ apßn-t∏m-b, aX-]-chpw
[m¿Ωn-Ihpw, cmjv{So-b-hp-ambn A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ Ah-
ÿ-sb-Ip-dn-®p≈ t]Sn-∏n-°p∂ kqN-\-bmWv \¬Ip-∂-
Xv. AXpt]mse cqØns‚ sNdnb ]pkvXIw BIm-
esØ \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ncn-{XsØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-
∂-X√, adn®v sshcp-≤y-Øn\p _Z-embn F{_mb Ncn-
{X-Ønse Ccp-≠-bp-K-Øn¬ ssZhoI tijn-∏ns‚ \√
kqN-\-I-fmWv AXp \evIp-∂-Xv.
A. aoJmhns‚ aX-ÿm-]\w (A.17)
17:1˛4 aX-]c
- a
- mb Agn-aX
- n-If
- n-sem-∂ns‚ hnh-cW- amWv
BZy-tØ-Xv. F{^o-bn-ay-\mb anJmhv Xs‚ AΩ-bpsS
]°¬ \n∂pw Bbn-cØn Hcp \qdp tit°¬ sh≈n
tamjvSn-®p. Xs‚ aI-\mWv CXv tamjvSn-®s - X-∂d- n-bmsX
CXv sNbvX Bsf Ahƒ i]n®p im]-Øns‚ ^e-
sØ-°p-dn®v `b-s∏-´ Ah≥ sh≈n Xs‚ AΩbpsS
ASp-°¬ aS-°n-s°m-≠p-h∂p At∏mƒ- A-hƒ im]w
FSpØp If™n´v, sh≈n aS°n sImSp-Ø-Xn\v aIs\
A\p-{K-ln-®p. Ct∏mƒ Xm≥ Xmev]-cy-s∏-´n-cp∂ Dt±-iy-
Øn-\mbn AXp-]t- bm-Kn-∏m≥ Ahƒ°p km[n-®p. Ahƒ
Ccp-\qdp tit°¬ sh≈n-sb-SpØv AXp-sIm-≠v c≠p
hn{K-lß - ƒ D≠m-°p-hm≥ G¬∏n-®p. H∂m-at- ØXv XSn-
sIm≠p ]WnXv AXn¬ sh≈n s]mXn™v, sImØp-
]Wn sNbvX Hcp cq]-am-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿Øp-≠m-°nb
cq]tam apgp-h\pw sh≈n-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p.
17:5,6 aoJmhv Ahsb Xs‚ {Kl-_nw-_ß - t- fm-sSm∏w
]qPm-Kn-cn-I-fn¬ {]Xn-jvTn®p. IqSmsX Xs‚ IpSpw-_-
Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp ]utcm-lnXyw {Iao-I-cn-°p-hm\pw
Ah≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AXn-\mbn Hcp Ft^mZv (]p-tc-lnX
hkv{Xw)D≠m-°p-Ibpw X\n°v ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-t°-
≠-Xn\v ]p{X-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-hs\ Ic-]-qcWw sNøp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Hcp F{^n-bn-ay≥ ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-hm≥
]mSn√ F∂p≈ ssZhoI \nb-a-Øn\v Xo¿®-bmbpw CXv
FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tamsibvI \nb-a-a-\p-
k-cn®v Cu Imcy-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-sf√mw \nba hncp-≤-am-bn-cp-
∂p.
17:7˛13 Ipd®p \mfp-Iƒ°p-tijw s_Xvet- l-ay-\mbn
blqZm tKm{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw h∂n-cp∂ Hcp tehy≥ Xma-
kn-°p-hm-s\mcp CSw At\z-jn®p F{^obnw ae-\m-´n-
seØn (A-h≥ btlm-h-bpsS ip{iq-j-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ the sNtø-≠-h\pw bn{km-tb¬ P\-Øns‚
Zimw- i w- s Im≠v D]- P o- h n- t °- ≠ - h \pw Bbn- c p- ∂ p.
F∂m¬ \nbaw ewLn-®-Xp-sIm≠v Ah≥ Xs‚ Imcy-
߃ kzbw t\m°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X\ - m-bn.) Xs‚ IpSpw-
_-Ønse ]ptcm-ln-X-ÿm\w anJmhv Ah\v hmKvZm\w
sNbvXp. Cu a\p-jy≥ Hcp tehy≥ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw
Al-tcm-\y-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ s]´-h-\-√m-bvI-bm¬ ]utcm-
ln-Xy-ip{iqj sNøp-hm≥ tbmKy-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ F¥m-
bmepw aoJmhv Ah\v iº-fhpw `£-Whpw hkv{Xhpw
274 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 18,19
sImSp-°m-sa∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw tehy≥ ip{iqj sNøm-
sa∂p kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu kPo-I-c-W-ß-
sf√mw ssZh-I-ev]-\°p hncp-≤-am-sW∂ hkvXpX
Hm¿Ωs∏SpØn aoJm-hn-t\mSv FXn¿t°≠ tehy≥,-A-
Xn\p ]Ic iº-fhpw AXn\p ]pdsa e`n® \nbX {]Xn-
^-e-ßfpw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ssZhoI Btem-N-\-Iƒ
F√mw ]d-bmsX Xs‚ A[cßsf AS°n au\m-\p-
hmZw \evIp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Cu A≤ym-b-Ønse kwK-Xn-I-fpsS InS∏v hni-Z-am-
°p-hm-\p≈ ]Z-amWv Nn¥m-Ip-g∏- w. tamjvSn-°s∏´ ]Ww
hn{K-l-ßsf D≠m-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®p.-tam-jvSm-hns\
A\p-{K-ln-°p-hm≥ btlm-hsb Imc-W-am°n (hm.2).
kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Ønse Bcm-[\ ]qPm-Kn-cn-I-fn-te°v
am‰n. tehycpw AXp-t]mse km[m-c-W-°mcpw ]ptcm-
ln-X∑ - m-cmbn A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏-´p. btlm-hsb Bcm-
[n-°p-∂-Xn\v hn{K-l-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®p IqSmsX Cu
Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw btlmh Xs∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p-sa∂v
aoJmhv hnNm-cn®p (hm.13)! Cu Nn¥m-°p-g∏w a\p-jy-
lr-Z-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Db¿∂p-h-∂-Xm-Wv. (hm.6) Cu
ImeØv bn{km-tb-en¬ ssZhoI \nbaw A\p-jvTn-°-
s∏-´n-cp∂psh¶n¬ Cu Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw kw`-hn-°p-am-
bn-cp-∂n-√. ASpØ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂Xp
t]mse, Nne-t∏mƒ Hcp hgn a\-jy\v sNm∆mbn tXm∂pw:
AXns‚ Ah-km-\tam ac-W-h-gn-I-fs{X (k-Zr.14:12)
B. aoJmhpw Zm\ycpw (A.18)
18:1˛6 Gsd-°psd A°m-eØpXs∂ Zm≥ tKm{X-°m¿
X߃°v IpSn-∏m¿∏m≥ Hc-h-Imiw At\z-jn-∏m≥ Xocp-
am-\n-®p.
(Zm≥ tKm{XØn\v Ah-Imiw C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
H∂mw hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w,
I\m≥ \mSp hn`m-Kn-®-t∏mƒ (tbm-ip.19:40-˛48) Ah¿°v
`qan sImSp-Øn√ F∂√ adn®v ]{¥≠p tKm{X-ß-fnepw
h®v G‰hpw sNdp-Xmb Ah-Imiw Ahsc kw‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p). F{^bnw ae-\m-´nse
aoJm-hn-s‚- `h-\-Øn-se-Ønb Ah-cnse Nne Nmc-∑m¿,
tehy bphm-hns‚ i_vZw Xncn-®-dn-™v, Xß-fpsS ]≤-
Xn-bnse ssZhm-\p-{Kl kw_-‘a - mb hmKvZm-\s - a-s¥∂v
Aht\mSv tNmZn-®-dn-™p.
18:7-˛13 Zm≥ tKm{X-Ønse A©p ]pcp-j-∑m¿ hS-
°≥ ]´-W-amb eboiv H‰p-t\m-°n. sskzchpw kzÿ-
X-bp-ap≈ ]´-W-sa∂p I≠p. AXn-t\-°m-fp-]-cn. a‰p≈
a\p-jy-cp-ambn Ah-cpsS kwk¿§-an-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p
h®m¬ Ab¬ cmPy-ß-fp-ambn ]c-k-]c klmb DS-º-
Sn-I-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ kam-[m-\-{]n-b-cmb Hcp kaq-l-am-bn-
cp∂p Ah¿.
kwc£-W-an-√mØ Ah-cpsS Ah-ÿsb ssZh-
Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Zm\-ambn IW-°m-°n-sIm≠v bp≤-k-
∂-≤-cmb Adp-\qdp Zm\y¿ eboiv ]nSn-®-S-°p-hm-\mbn
]pd-s∏-´p.
18:14-˛26 AXns‚ tijw Zm\y-cmb B A©p-t]¿
eboiv ]nSn-®-S-°p-hm-\mbn hS-t°m´p bm{X sNbvX-
t∏mƒ, Ah¿ aoJm-hn-s‚ ho´n¬ IS∂v hn{K-lß - s
- f√mw
]nSns®SpØp t\cnsbmcp {]Xn-tj-[-Øn\p tijw
tIhew aoJm-hns‚ `h-\-Øn\p am{X-ambn ip{iqj
sNøp∂Xn\p ]Icw Zm≥ tKm{X-Øns‚ ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-
bn-cn-°p-I-sb∂ Ah-cpsS Bhiyw tehy bphmhv
kt¥m- j - t ØmsS kzoI- c n- ® p. Xs‚ hn{K- l - ß sf
tamjv S n- ® - X n- s \ FXn¿°p- h m≥ aoJmhpw ]´- W -
hmknIfn¬ Nnecpw Zm\ysc kao-]n-®t- ∏mƒ an≠cp-X∂v
]d™v Ahsc shdpw ItømsS aS-°n-b-b-®p.
18:27-˛31- k-a[m\ \K-c-amb ebo-ins\ \in-∏n-®n´v,
Zm\y¿ B ]´-W-Øns‚ t]cv Zm≥ F∂m°n am‰n.
sImØp]Wn sNbvX B hn{Klw Ah¿ AhnsS {]Xn-
jvTn®p; AXn-\p- tijw tamsi-bpsS aI-\mb sK¿tim-
ans‚ aI-\mb tbm\m-Ym-t\bpw Ahs‚ ]p{X-∑m-tcbpw
]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cmbn \nb-an-®p.
\ymb-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ a\s» F∂ t]cv
tamsi F∂p \mw hmbn°Wsa-∂Xv s]mXpsh AwKo-
I-cn-°-s∏´ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. ImcWw Xs‚ ]u{Xs‚
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS ^e-ambn tami°v D≠m-tb-°m-hp-
∂ am\-lm\n XS-bp-∂-Xn\v blqZ ]I¿sØ-gp-X-Xp-Im-
cm¬ B t]cv ad-b-°-s∏-´n-cn-°-bm-Wv. (14)
Dul-{]-Imcw t\csØ {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏´ tehy
bphm-hns‚ t]cmWv tbm\m-Ym≥ F∂p-≈Xv Cu Imew
ap-X¬ Zm≥ ]´Ww Hcp hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS ]´-W-ambn
amdn. ]n¬°m-eØv sbmtcm-_bmw kz¿Æ Imf-°p-´n-
I-fn¬ H∂ns\ {]Xn-jvTn-®Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. 30-˛mw hmIy-
Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ {]hmkw A°m-esØ
s^enkvXy ASn-a-Ø-sØ-bm-tWm, AtXm A o-cn-b≥
ASn-a-Ø-sØ-bmtWm kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v hy‡-a-√(1-
iap 4:11, 2 cmPm 15:29) Zm\y-sc-√m-hcpw ebo-in-te°v
t]mbn√ (hm.11), AYhm hn{K- l m- c m- [ - \ - ° m- c mbn
Xo¿∂n√. blq-Zbv°pw F{^-bn-an\pw at≤y-bp≈ Xß-
fpsS `q{]-tZ-iØv Ipsd-t∏¿ Xma-kn®p Zm\y-cpsS c≠m-
aXp {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏´ Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-h-\m-
bn-cp∂p B tKm{X-Ønse G‰hpw {]ikvX hy‡n-bmb
inwtim≥.
C. tehy\pw Ahs‚ sh∏m-´nbpw (A. 19)
19:1-˛12 [m¿Ωn-Ia
- mb Zp¿∂-S∏
- ns‚ Ahn-iz-k\
- o-ba
- mb
Hcp Ncn-{X-Øn-te-°mWv \mw GØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv˛ Hcp
tehy-t‚bpw Ahs‚ sh∏m-´n-bp-tSbpw hnh-c-Ww. Cu
tehy\v blq-Zy-bnse t_Xve-tl-an¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp
sh∏m-´n-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ kz`-h-\-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-
t∏mbn Hcp thiy-bmbn Pohn-°p-hm≥ B{K-®n´v Ahs\
Dt]-£n-®p. Ahsf Iq´n-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ Ah-fpsS ]nXy-
`-h-\-Øn-te°v sN∂ Ah≥ Nne-Zn-h-k-ß-ƒ AhnsS
Xn∂p IpSn®p cm]m¿Øp. Xs‚ sh∏m-´n-tbm-sSm∏w
AhnsS \n∂p t]mcp-hm≥ {ian® Hmtcm {]mhiyhpw
Ipd-®p-IqSn AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ Ah-fpsS ]nXmhv
Ahs\ \n¿_-‘n-®p. Ah-km-\w. A©mw Znhkw
 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 19,20,21
sshIn´v Xs‚ _mey-°m-c-t\mSpw, tIm∏n´ c≠p Igp-
X-I-tfmSpw Xs‚ sh∏m-´n-tbmSpw IqsS Ah≥ ]pd-s∏-
´p. Ah≥ (sb-cp-i-se-sa∂ sb_q-kn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ
k‘ybmbn-cp∂p F∂m¬ B ]´-W-Øn¬ sb_q-ky-
cmb PmXn-Iƒ At∏mgpw hkn-®n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ah¿
AhnsS Xma-kn-®n-√. tPm¿Pv hneywkv C{]-Im-c-amWv
{]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xv.
ssZh-Øns‚ P\-sa∂p AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-htcmSv
IqsS cm]m¿°p- ∂ - X n- t \- ° mƒ, PmXn- I - t fm- S p- I qsS
]m¿°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p B tehy\p \√-Xv, ImcWw ssZh-
P\w PmXn-I-tf-°mƒ Zp¿am¿§n-I-fm-bn-Xo¿∂p. (15)
19:13˛21 kqcym-kvX-a\ ka-bØv s_\ym-aos‚ `q{]-
tZ-i-Øn-ep≈ Kns_-b-bn¬ Ah¿ FØn-t®¿∂p. B
bm{Xm kwL-Øn\v Bcpw Xma-k-ku-Icyw Hcp-°m-
ØXn-\m¬, B tehy≥ Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn \K-c-ho-Yn-
bn¬ hn{i-an®p At∏mƒ Kns_-b-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂
F{^bnw ae-\m-´p-Im-c-\mb Hcp hy≤≥ Ahsc Xs‚
ho´n¬ ssIs°m-≈m-sa∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw Aßs\ Ah-
cXp AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
19:22-˛24 A∂p k‘y°v ssewKoI sshIy-X-߃
ImWn-°p∂ Hcp Iq´-am-fp-Iƒ hoSp hf-™n´v AXn-Yn-
bmbn h∂ tehys\ X߃°p hn´p-X-cWw F∂m-h-iy-
s∏´p [m¿Ωn-I-ambn A[x]Xn® CØcw kz`m-h-sØ-
°p-dn®v \mw thsdm-cn-SØv hmbn-°p-∂Xv temØns‚
Ime-L´- Ø - n-emWv (D-ev]19). \n¿`m-Ky-Ic
- s
- a-∂p ]d-bs´,
tkmtZm-an¬ h∂-Xp-t]m-se, Cu bph-Xnsb kwc-£n-
°p-hm≥ Kn_-b-bn¬ Hcp ZqX\pw h∂n-√. Cu c≠p
kw`-h-ß-fnepw Ip‰w sNbvX-h¿°v AXns‚ ^e-amb
in£ e`n-®p. kzh¿§ t`mKw ssZhw shdp-°p-∂p. a\p-
jys‚ [m¿Ωn- I m[x]X\w CXn- t \- ° mƒ Xmtgm´p
t]mIm-\n-√. tehys‚ sh∏m-´n-tbbpw I\y-I-bmb Xs‚
]p{Xn-tb-bbpw \¬In-s°m≠v A[¿Ωn-I-fmb Cu
_\ym-ao-\ysc Xy]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ B ho´p-Sb - h
- ≥ Xocp-
am-\n-®p. Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-sØ Ipdn®v B¿X¿ I≥Um¿
A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv.
BZnXy acym-Z-bpsS AwKo-IrX k{º-Zm-b-tØm-Sp-
≈- Xs‚ Xmev]-cy-Øn¬ B hy≤≥, B[p-\nI hmb-\-
°m-c≥ AXn-c‰ {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p∂ Hcp \nb-am-hen
X®p-S-bv°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv
Ai-c-W-cp-tS-bpw _e-lo-\-cp-tSbpw kwc-£-Whpw
ip{iq-jbpw F∂ \nb-am-h-en. ]pcm-X\ temIØv
kv{XoXzsØ thK-Øn¬ BZ-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p Xo¿®-
bmbpw AXv Gsd-°psd blqZ hnizm-k-Øns‚ [¿Ωm-
\p-im-k-\-Øm-em-bn-cp-∂p. {]tXy-In®v {InkvXob hnizm-
k- Ø n- e qsS {]t_m- t [m- Z bØns‚ ^e- a m- b mWv
C∂sØ Ah-cpsS ÿm\w kv{XoIƒ°v e`y-am-bXv
Xs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂n-cn-°p∂ hnin-jvSm-Xn-Yn°v H∂pw
kw`-hn-°p-hm≥ A\p-hZ- n-°msX Xß-fpsS `h-\sØ D]-
tcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂, \nb-{¥-W-an-√mØ Cu PU-tam-ln-
Iƒ°v Xs‚ I\y-I-bmb aI-tfbpw tehys‚ sh∏m-´n-
tbbpw _en-bm-Sp-I-fm-°p-hm≥ Cu hy≤≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. (16)
275
19:25-˛30 HSp-hn¬ Xs‚ kpc£ Hm¿Øp-sIm≠v, `ocp-
hmb B tehy≥ Xs‚ sh∏m-´nsb Ah¿°p-th≠n
]pd-tØ-°-b-®p. \nIy-jvShpw AXn-bmbn at\m-th-Z-\-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂\ - X
- p-amb Ah-cpsS A[m¿ΩnI Zp¿\n-tbmKw
sIm≠v B cm{Xn Ahƒ acn®p s_\ym-ao-\y-tcmSv s]mdp-
°msX Xs∂ \mw Hcp Imcyw {i≤n-t°-≠X - p-≠v, Ahƒ
thmiym-hr-Øn°p Xs∂-Ø-s∂- apºv Gev]n-®p. sImSp-
Øn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬(-hm. 2) X\n°v Hcp thiy-bpsS
acWw A\p-`-hn-t°≠n hcn-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m]w
AXns\ ]n≥]- ‰ p∂h¿°v Zb- b n- √ msX AXn- s ‚
{]Xn^ew \evIp-∂p. {]`m-XØ - n¬ Ah-fpsS icocw DΩ-
c∏Snta¬ InS-°p-∂Xv B tehy-≥ I≠p. bn{kmtb-
en¬ \S∂ AØ-c-samcp A ≥am¿§n-IXzw Ahs\
Ip]n-X-\m-°n, Ah≥ Ah-fpsS icocw ]{¥≠p Ij-
W-ßf - m°n Hmtcm tKm{X-߃°pw kw`-hh - n-hc- W
- a
- S- °w
sImSp-Ø-b-®p.
bn{km-tbm¬ PmXn A¥w hn´p-t]mbn!
D. s_\ym-ao-\y-cp-am-bp≈ bp≤w (A.20.21)
20:1˛14 s_\ym-ao-\y-scm-gn-sI-b-bp≈ bn{k-tb¬
tKm{X-ß-fnse Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ ankv]-
bn¬ Hcp-an®p IqSn kw`-hn-®-sX√mw tehy-\n¬ \n∂pw
{Kln-®p. Kn_-sb-s°-Xnsc bp≤w sNøp-hm≥ Ah¿
Xocp-am-\n®p F∂m¬ sX‰p-Im-cmb B \oN-∑msc
in£nt°≠-Xn\p Ahsc Gev]n®p sImSp-°p-hm-\p≈
Hc-h-kcw BZyw s_\ym-an-\y¿°p sImSpØp s_\ym-
an-\y¿ AXp Xnc-kv°-cn-®-t∏mƒ, Hcp B`y-¥-c-bp≤w
s]´n-∏p-d-s∏-´p.
20:15-˛48 tbmip-h-bp-tSbpw Xs‚ Xe-apdbptSbpw ac-
W-ti-jw, A[n-I-\mƒ Ignbpw aptº-bmWv Cu kw`hw
\S-∂X - ,v ImcWw B ka-bsØ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ ^nt\-
lm-kv- Bbncp∂p(-hm.28). a‰p-tKm-{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈
\m\q-dm-bncw (\mep e£w) ]S-bm-fn-I-tfmSp bp≤w
sNøp-hm≥ s_\ym-ao≥ tKm{X-Øn\v tIhew 26,700 t]¿
am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q(-hm.15-˛17) F∂n´pw H∂m-a-sØ-
t]m-cm-´Ø - n¬ 22000 t]msc-bmWv s_\ym-ao-\y¿ sI∂Xv
(hm. 28-˛21) c≠m-asØ G‰p-ap-´-hn¬ 18000 bn{k-tb-ey¿
h[n-°-s∏-´p(-hm.22-˛25) bp≤-Øn\p≈ ImcWw \oXn-bp-
≈-Xm-bn-cp∂psh¶nepw bn{km-tb¬ ssZh-tØmSp ]‰n
\nev°m-Ø-X-XmWv Ah-cpsS IjvS-Im-e-Øn\p Imc-W-
am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv. B¥y-¥n-I-amb hnPbw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xp-
h-sc, B P\-X-b-tlm-h-bpsS apºmsI Xßsf Xs∂-
XmgvØphm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-´p-sh-∂mWv 18,23 26-˛28-hm-
Iy-ß-fn¬ \ap°p ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv ap∂m-asØ
G‰p-ap-´e - n¬ bn{k-tb¬ ]Xn-bn-cp∏v Iuiew {]tbm-Kn®p
s_\y-ao-\ysc Kns_-b-bn¬ \n∂pw HmSn-t∏mb Ccp-]-
Ø-øm-bn-cØn Hcp-\q-dp-t]sc sIm∂p If™p AXn-\p-
tijw s_\ym-an\y ]´-W-ß-sf√mw Np´p-I-f-bp-Ibpw
kv{XoI-tfbpw Ip´n-I-tfbpw sIm√p-Ibpw sNbvXp (-hm.
29-˛48).
aq∂p bp≤-ß-fn-em-bn. s_\ym-ao-\y¿°v Ccp-]-Øm-
dm-bn-cØn Hcp-\q-dp-t]¿ \jvS-s∏´p (hm.15,47 Xmc-Xayw
276 \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ 21
sNøp-I)(BZy c≠p Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Ah¿°v Bbncw
t]¿ \jvS-am-b∂p \ap°p a\- n-em-°m.) hm35-˛epw 44-
˛46 hmIy-ß-fnepw ImWp∂ h[w Ah-km\ bp≤-Øn¬
am{X-ap≈ AXym-ln-Xs - Ø-bmWv kqNn-∏° - p-∂X- v. tijn-
∏n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ B tKm{Xw ]q¿Æ-ambpw XpS®p
\o°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
21:1˛15 s_\ym-ao≥ tKm{Xw GXm≠v ]q¿Æ-ambpw
D∑q-e\w sNø-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠v, Ct∏mƒ bn{k-tb-en-se
]Xn-s\∂p tKm{X-߃ ZpxJ-tØmSv ]›m-Ø] - n-°p-Ib- m-
bn-cp∂p. Cu tKm{Xw ]q¿Æ-ambpw \in-°p-hm≥ Ah¿
B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂n-√. s_\ym-ao\y ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v `mc-am-
cmbn Xß-fpsS ]p{Xn-amsc \¬Ip-I-bn-s√∂p Hcp Xocp-
am\w apºv ankv]b - n¬ h®v Ah¿ FSp-Øn-cp-∂p. s_\ym-
ao¿s°Xnsc-bp≈ bp≤-Øn¬ Xßsf klm-bn-°m-sX-
bn-cp∂ tbm¿±m\p Ing-°p≈ Knse-b-bm-Znse bmt_iv
\nhmknItfmSp bp≤w sNøpI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah-
cpsS BZy-sØ ]cn-lmcw. \m\qdp I\yIamscm-gnsI
_m°n-sb-√m-hcpw B t]mcm-´-Øn¬ acn-®p. Ahsc
s_\ymao\y ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v `mcy-am-cmbn \evIn.
21:16˛24 F∂m¬ B tKm{Xw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-S-W-sa-
¶n¬ IqSp-X-em-bp≈ Icp-X¬ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂v CXv kv]jvS-am-Wv. Xß-fpsS ]p{Xn-amsc
s_\ymay¿°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°-bn-√∂v bn{k-tb¬ ]pcp-j-
∑m¿ i]Yw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B Xocp-am-\-Øn¬\n∂pw
]n≥∑mdphm≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v
iotem-hn¬ sh®p≈ Hcp hm¿jnI D’-h-Øn¬ (Hcp
]s£ IqSm-c-s∏-cp-\mƒ Bbn-cn-°mw) \rØw sNøp∂
bph-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw X߃°p-th≠n `mcy-amsc FSp-
Øp-sIm-≈p-hm≥ s_\ym-ao-\y-cn¬ tijn-®-hsc A\p-
h-Zn-°pI F∂ Hcp ]≤-Xn-tbmSp Ah-sc-√m-hcpw tbm
Pn®p iotem-hnse ]pcp-j-∑m¿ CXn-s\-°p-dn®v ]cm-Xn-
s∏-´-t∏mƒ, bn{k-tb-ense Hcp tKm{Xw \„-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-
t°-≠X - n\v CXp sNtø-≠X - X
- ym-hn-iy-am-sW∂v a‰p tKm
{X-°m¿ ]d™p `mhn-°p-th-≠Xv ]p\-xÿm]n-°p-hm-\mbn
s_\ym-ao-\y¿ Xß-fp-sS tZitØ°v aS-ßn-t∏mbn.
\ymb[n-]∑m-cp-sS ImeL´-Øn-s‚ BZy ka-b-ß-
fnse bn{km-tb-en-se c≠p tKm{X-ßsf ASp-Ø-dn--bp-
hm≥ Ah-km-\sØ Cu Nne A≤ym-b-߃ \sΩ
klm- b n- ® p. F∂m¬ tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø - s ∏- ´ n- ´ n- √ mØ
Fs¥√mw Imcy-ß-fmWv a‰p tKm{X-ß-fn¬ kw`-hn-®-
sX∂v Hcph\v Duln-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw! Imew IS-∂p-
t]m-b-X-\p-k-cn®v Imcy-߃ hj-fm-bn-sb∂v \ap-°-dn-
bmw. Hcp P\-Øn\v ssZhØn¬ \n∂pw F{X-am{Xw
AI∂p t]mIp-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v _n`-’-amb Cu Ncn-
{X-߃ ImWn-°p-∂p. ChnsS \sΩ- Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Øp-
amdv kz[¿Ω ]cn-Xym-KØ - n\v aXn-bm-b ^ew \mw ImWp-
∂p. \mw hmbn® Imcy-߃ \ΩpsS ssZh-amb btlm-
hsb At\z-jn-t°-≠-Xn\v \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßsf cq]-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I-bpw,\-ΩpsS Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ hniz-kvX-X-
tbmsS Ahs\ tkhn-°p-hm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ C∂pw \√-Xm-Wv.
21:25 B ImeØp bn{km-tb-en¬ cmPm-hn-√m--bn-cp∂p
Hmtcm-c-Ø≥ X\n°p t_m[n-®-Xp-t]se \S∂p F∂v
\ΩpsS ImXp-I-fn¬ apg-°p∂ ZpxJ-I-c-amb {]Xn-hm-Zy
tØm-sS \ymbm[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvXIw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p
∂p.
Cu Ccp≠ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ km∑m¿§nI
amb Hcp kw`h IY-\-ap-≠v. F∂m-¬ AXp thdn´p {Iao-
I-cn-®n-cp-∂Xp sIm≠v \ymbm-[n-]-∑mcpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn
se [m¿Ωn-Im-[] - X
- \
- h
- p-am-bp≈ ASpØ Iq´p sI´p sIm
≠p Aip-≤-am-°-s∏-´n-´n√. Ct∏mƒ \mw cqØns‚ If-
¶-an-√mØ IY-bn-te°v \ΩpsS {i≤-sb Xncn-°p-Ib - mWv.
ENDNOTES
1(Intro) These are largely adapted from Grant,
Jennings, and Ridout (see Bibliography).
2(2:11-19)lrving L.Jensen, , Judgest Ruth, p.12.
3(3:5,6)A. Cohen, “Joshua Judges”, PP.176,177.
4(Essay) Quoted by Lewis Sperry Chafer in
Systematic Theology, 1:328.
7(8:10-17)Cohen, “Joshua . Judges,” p.227.
8(8:10-17) Ibid., p.225
9(9:7-15)Jensen, Judges/Ruth, p.49.
10(12:5,6)Some Languages (including Greek Latin)
do not have the “sh” sound. Apparently one dialect of
Hebrew either couldn’t pronounce “sh” or couldn’t
distinguish between “s” and “sh,” in this word at least.
A similar situation existed in World War II when
American Soldiers in the south Seas chose
“lalapalooza” as a password. The Japanese had trouble
differentiating between the trouble differentiating
between the “I”and”r” and tended to say
“raraparooza.”
11(12:5,6)Samuel Ridout, Lectures on the Books
of Judges and Ruth, p. 177.
12(16:15-20) C.H. Macintosh, Genesis to
Deuteronomy,p.465.
13(18:7-31) Cohen, “Joshua . Judges,” p. 291
14(18:27-31) John Haley, Alleged Discrepancies
of the Bible, p. 338.In Hebrew the Consonants Spelling
Moses and Manasseh are nearly the same (Mshh and
Mnshh), so it could be simply a copyist’s error.
15(19:1-12) George Williams, The Student’s
Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, p.132.
16(19:22-24) Arthur E. Cundall, Judges and Ruth,
p. 197.
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NOTES