cqØv

280
 281

cqØv
BapJw

"\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ D≈-S-°sØ A\p-[m-h\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠p≈ hymJym-\-

ß-f-S-ßp∂ cqØns‚ Cu sNdp-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ F¨]-Øn-b©p hmIy-߃ am{X-ta-bp-≈q. F¶nepw
tbm¿±ms‚ C∏p-dØpw A∏p-d-Øp-ap≈ bn{km-tb-en-s‚bpw tamhm-_n-s‚bpw GIm-¥m-h-in-jvS-ß-
fpsS ]pjv]n-°epw Iq´n-bn-W-°-epw, Hcp B[p-\nI k©mcn Ct∏mgpw Bcm-™-dn-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se,
kuc-`y-ap-≈Xpw ]pdw CX-fn-\m¬ \nKq-U-am-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb tdmkm-]p-jv]-߃ \nd™ Hcp ]qt¥m´w
Ch sI´n-b-S-bv°p-∂p. H∂p-In¬ AXn-ep≈ Nn¥-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-t®m, AXns\ hyXn-cn‡ kz`m-h-ap-
≈-Xm°n Xo¿°p∂ AXns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb aqeyw IW-°n-se-Sp-tØm, As√-¶n¬ \n¿Ω-ehpw at\m-
l-c-hp-amb AXns‚ {]Xn-]m-Z-coXn ]cn-K-Wn-t®m, kw£n-]vX-amb Cu IY-bpsS {][m-\y-Xbpw at\m-
lm-cn-Xbpw D∂-X-amb \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√.''
t]mfkv Imk¬

I. Imt\m-\nse AXp-ey-ÿm\w Ibpw sNbvXp.''(1)

thZ-]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS t]cn-ep≈ c≠p
]pkvX-I-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw Hcp Imcyw {it≤-b-am-Wv.
{]ap-J-\mb Hcp PmXob cmPm-hns\ hnhmlw sNbvX
Hcp blqZ s]¨Ip-´n-bmWv Hcmƒ (F-tÿdpw Atl-
iz-civ cmPm-hpw), at‰Xv {]ap-J-\mb Hcp blq-Zs\
hnhmlw sNbvX Hcp PmXob kv{Xo (cqØpw t_mh-
kpw). ssZhoI hos≠-Sp-∏ns‚ Ncn-{X-`m-K-am-bn-cp∂p
Ch¿ c≠p t]cpw F∂-XmWv Ch¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂
as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X. Xs‚ P\sØ Ah-cpsS imco-cnI
\mi-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnSp-hn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw Ftÿ-dns\
D]-tbm-Kn-®p. ain-sslI hwim-h-en-bnse {][m-\-s∏´
Hcp IÆn-bmbn ssZhw cqØns\ D]-tbm-Kn®p. BZyw
Zmho-Zns‚ hwim-h-en-bn-epw, BXy-¥n-I-ambn P\sØ
Xß- f psS ]m]- Ø n¬ \n∂pw hnSp- h n- ° p- ∂ - h - \ mb
{InkvXp-hns‚ hwim-he - n-bnepw Ahƒ Dƒs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
PmXob kv{Xobmb cmlm-_ns‚ ]n≥X-e-ap-d-°m-c-\m-bn-
cp∂p t_mhkv F∂v aØm.1:5˛¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. B
cmlm_v Xo¿®-bmbpw sbco-tlm-hnse cmlm_v Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ as‰mcp PmXob kv{Xobmb cqØv
t_mh-kns‚ `mcy-bmbn {InkvXp-hns‚ hwim-h-en-bn¬
{]th-in-°p-∂p. cmlm_pw cqØpw Ah-cpsS hwi-]m-c-
ºcyw sIm≠v bn{km-tb¬ cm{j-S-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-
°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw
ssZh-Ir-]sb Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.
aIvKo tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, cqØns‚
]pkvXIw ""{][m-\-ambpw Hcp kv{XobpsS IY-bm-Wv,
ssZhoI ]pkvXI ime-bn¬ AXns\ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønb
ssZhw Xs‚ AwKo-Imc ap{ZWw AXn-t∑¬ ]Xn-°p-
Ata-cn-°≥ cmPy-X{- ¥-⁄\ - pw, Hcp Kth-jI- \
- p-amb
s_©-an≥ {^m¶vfn≥ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp kw`-h-Øn¬ Cu
]pkv X - I - Ø ns‚ at\m- l m- c n- X bpw at\m- ⁄ - X bpw
\∂mbn hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Xm≥ {^©p tImS-Xn-bn¬ tPmen
sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬ Ipeo-\∑ - m-cmb Nne
hy‡n-Iƒ ss__n-fns\ AXns‚ cN\m coXn-sIm≠pw
a‰pw hmbn-°p-hm≥ tbmKy-a-√m-Ø-Xmbn Xcw XmgvØp-
∂p-sh∂p tI´p. hy‡n-]c - a
- mb \ne-bn¬ Xms\mcp hnizm-
kn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ F¶nepw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-s‚, {KŸ-k-
⁄-b-sa-∂-\n-e-bn-ep≈ D¬Ir-jvSX Ata-cn-°≥ tImf-
\n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xs‚ bu∆-\-Im-eØv Xm≥ a\-
 n-em-°n-bn-´p-≠v. A-Xp-sIm≠v Cu {^©p-Imsc H∂p
]‰n-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AXn-\p-th≠n cqØns‚
]pkvX-I-Ønse bYm¿∞-t]-cp-Iƒ am‰n ]Icw {^©p-
t]-cp-Iƒ \¬In. Xm≥ B ]pkvXIw apgp-h≥ Hcp IY-
bmbn Fgp-Xn. F∂n´v {^m≥knse {]am-Wn-h¿§-Øns‚
k`-bn¬ Xs‚ Isø-gpØp {]Xn Xm≥ hmbn-®p. lrZb
kv]¿in-bmb Cu IY-bpsS cN-\-bn-ep≈ emfn-Xyhpw
`wKnbpw I≠v Ah¿ AXn-i-bn-®p.
""AXn-a-t\m-lcw kmln-Xy-Ønse AXn-hn-ti-j-amb
Cu IY Xm¶ƒs°-Sh - nsS \n∂p In´n. anÿ {^m¶vfn≥?''
""\n߃ hf-sc-b-[nIw \nµn-°p∂ B ]pkvX-I-an-
t√, thZ-]p-kvX-Iw, AXn¬ \n∂p-am-WXv At±lw ]d-
™p.'' thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-c-amb Adn-hn-√mØ \ΩpsS kaq-
l-Øn¬, ssZh-hN - \w Ah-KW - n-°p-∂X
- n-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ Cs∂-∂t- ]mse B cm{Xn-bn¬ ]mco-knepw tIm]-
Øm¬ Nph∂ Nne apJ-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
282
II. {KŸ I¿ØrXzw
Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Bcm-sW-∂p-
≈Xp Ahy-‡a - m-bn-cn-s°, blq-Zm-]m-cº- cyw ]d-bp-∂Xv
iap-th-em-sW-∂m-Wv. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-`m-
KØv Zmho-Zns\ Ipdn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠v X\n°v
apºp≈ Imcy-߃ Fgp-Xp-hm≥ {KŸ-Im-c\v Ign-bp-I-
bn-√-t√m. ]pXnb cmPm-hns‚ hwi-]m-c-ºcyw kqNn-∏n-
°p-hm≥ th≠n, Zmho-Zns‚ cmPm-hmbn A`n-tjIw
sNbvX iap-th¬ Xs∂ Cu ]pkvXIw \¬In-bn-cn-°m-
\mWv km≤y-X.
III. Fgp-Xnb Imew
cqØns‚ Ncn-{XsØ AXns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-Xn-bn-te°v
\bn-°p-hm-\mbn Zmho-Zns‚ t]cv 4:17epw 22epw {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v CXv Xs‚ `c-W-Im-e-tØm,
AXn\p tijw DS≥X-s∂tbm (B.C 1011-970) As√-
¶n¬ Ipd-™-]£w iap-th¬ Ahs\ cmPm-hmbn A`n-
tjIw sNbvX tijtam Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°m-\mWv km≤y-
X.
sP≥k≥ Fgp-Xp∂p : Zmho-Zns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmbn
ÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNbvX item-tam\v apºv, CXv Fgp-
X-s∏-´n-cn-°m-\mWv km≤y-X. As√-¶n¬ Hcp-]s£ item-
tams‚ t]cv {KŸ-Im-c≥ AXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-am-bn-cp-
∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Zmho-Zns‚ Hcp ka-Im-en-I-\m-bn-cp∂p
Cu {KŸ-Im-c≥.(2)
F∂m¬ Nne hym]mc CS-]m-Sp-I-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ Imense sNcn-∏qcn am‰p∂ BNm-csØ Ipdn®p
(4:7) hni-Zo-Ic
- n-t°≠ Bh-iy-IX ChnsS {KŸ-Im-c\pw
t\cn-´-Xp-sIm≠v Ipd-®p-IqSn Xma-kn-®p≈ Hcp Ime-Øn-
\mWv Nne¿ ap≥Xq°w sImSp- ° p- ∂ - X v . cqØns‚
]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp∂Xn\pw Cu BNm-c-Øn-\p-an-Sbv°v
cqØv
Ipd-®p-Imew Ign-™p-t]m-b-Xmbn Cu hnh-cWw kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂p.
IV. ]›m-Ø-ehpw hnj-b-hpw
cqØns‚ ]pkv X - I - Ø nse kw`- h - ß ƒ \S- ∂ Xv
\ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p (1:1). bn{km-tb¬
P\-X-bn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw btlm-h-bn-¶¬ \n∂v A\y-s∏´p
Ign-bp-tºmƒ, AXyp-÷-e-ambn tim`n-°p∂ hnizm-k-
tØm-Sp-IqsS cqØv F∂p t]cp≈ Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb
Hcp PmXob kv{Xobp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
hos≠-Sp∏v F∂-XmWv AXns‚ Xmt°m¬ ]Zw.
]{¥≠p {]mhniyw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Nm¿®-°m-
c-\mWv as‰mcp Xmt°m¬ ]Zw. Feo-a-te-°n-t‚-Xm-bn-
cp∂ tZiw XncnsI hmßn, IpSpw-_-t]cv \ne-\n¿Øp-
hm≥ X°-hÆw k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-Isf krjvSn® hos≠-
Sp-∏p-Im-c-\mb Nm¿®-°m-c-\mWv t_mhkv. bYm¿∞
hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c\pw Nm¿®-°m-c\
- p-amb {InkvXp-hns‚ \ng-
emWv Ah≥. AXn-t{i-jvS-amb Xs‚ Ir]-bm¬ hos≠-
Sp-°-s∏-´, {InkvXp-hns‚ aW-hm-´n-bmb k`-sb-bmWv
tamhm_y kv{Xobmb cqØv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
D≈-S°w
1. tamhm-_n¬ ]m¿°p∂p (1:1˛5)
2. t_Xve-tl-an-te-°p≈ aS-ßn-h-chv (1:6˛22)
3. cqØv, t_mh-kns‚ hb-en¬ (A. 2)
4. cqØns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c-\mb Nm¿®-°m-c≥
(A.3)
5. t_mh-kn-\m-ep≈ hos≠-Sp∏v (4:1˛12)
6. Hmt_Zv hsc ]pd-tIm´v FØn-\n¬°p∂ Zmho-
Zns‚ cmP-Iob hwi-]m-c-ºcyw (4:13-˛22)
 cqØv 1
hymJym\w
I. tamhm-_n¬ ]m¿°p∂p (1:1˛5)
1:1,2 £maw aqew blq- Z y- b nse (kvXp- X n)
t_Xvetlw (A-∏-Øns‚ `h-\w) hn´v, Nmhp IS-en\v
sX°p-In-g-°m-bp≈ tamhm-_n¬ Xma-k-ap-d-∏n® Hcp
blqZ IpSpw-_-sØ-bmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Bcw-`-
Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. Feo-sa-te°v (Fs‚ ssZhw
cmPm-hm-Ip-∂p) F∂pw \thman (k-t¥m-jw) F∂p-am-
bn-cp∂p amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS t]cv. alvtfm≥ (tcm-Kn)
Int√m\ypw (æm-\X- ) Ah-cpsS ]p{X-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. tamhm-
_n- t e°v IpSn- t b- d n- ∏ m¿°p- ∂ - X n- t \- ° mƒ, tZiØv
]m¿Øv ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿°v
\√-Xv. t_Xve-tl-ans‚ ]gb t]cmb F{^mØ (F-
{^m-Xy-cpsS k¥-Xn) bpsS A¿∞w kar≤n F∂m-Wv.
[m¿ΩnI A[x]X\w sIm≠p hnti-jn-°-s∏´ Ime-
am-bn-cp∂p \ymbm-[n-]-∑m-cpsS Ime-L-´w. AXp-sIm≠v
A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn\v ssZhw hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-´p≈
in£-bmb £ma-Øm¬ tZiw he-bp-∂-Xn¬ A¤p-X-
s∏-Sm-\n-√. tamhm-_n-te°v IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p-hm≥ t]mb
Feo-a-te°v F√m-h-sc-°mfpw Ipd-™-h-\m-bn-´m-bn-cp-
∂n√ hmKvZØ tZiw hn´-Xv. Bh¿Ø\w 23:3˛6 hmIy-
߃ Xm≥ Hcn-°epw hmbn-®n-cp-∂nt√? tbm¿±m≥ \Zn°p
Ing-°p≈ Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcmSv IqsS Xm≥ F¥p-
sIm≠v ]m¿Øn√? Poh-\p≈ tZi-Øp-\n∂pw Xs‚
IpSpw-_sØ ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw h‘y-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw (a-
tÀmt\m Int√ymt\m a°sf P\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-
√) tZi-tØ°v Xm≥ \bn-®p.
1:3˛5 Feo-a-te-°ns‚ ac-W-tijw Xs‚ ]p{X-∑m¿
tamhm_y kv{XoIsf hnhmlw sNbvXp. atÀm≥ cqØn-
t\bpw (4:10), Int√ym≥ Hm¿∏-tbbpw hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Bh.7:1˛3 hmIy-ß-fn¬, bn{km-tb¬ hnhmlw Ign-∏m≥
]mSn-√mØ P\-ß-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ tamhm-_ysc Ipdn®v
{]tXyIw FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw, \nb-a-{]-Imcw
Ahcpw A°q-´-Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]n∂o-Sp≈
hmIy kqNn-II - f- n¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip∂p (F-{km.9:1˛2,
s\l.13:23-˛25). ]Ømw Xe-ap-dh - sc btlm-hb- psS k∂n-
[n-bn¬ {]th-in-∏m≥ tamhm-_ysc A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂n-√-
sb∂v \nb-aØ - n¬ {]tXyIw FSpØp ]d-™n-´p≠v (B-
h. 23:3). \mw ImWp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, cqØns‚ Xe-ap-d-bmb
Zmho-Zns\ bn{km-tb-ens‚ cmPm-hm-Ip-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®p-
sIm-≠v, Ah-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ssZh-Ir] AsXms°
Akm-[p-hm-°n-I-f-™p. ]Øp h¿j-߃°p tijw
PmXob acp-a° - f- mb cqØn-t\bpw Hm¿∏-tbbpw s\mthm-
an-tbm-sSm∏w hn´n´v atÀm\pw Int√ym\pw acn®p.
II. t_Xve-tl-an-te-°p≈ aSßn hchv
(1:6˛22)
1:6˛15 sblqZm tZiØv [mcmfw Blm-c-ap-s≠∂p
283
tI´ s\mthman Ahn-tS°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-
®p. Ah-fpsS acp-a-°ƒ c≠p t]cpw Ahsf A\p-K-an-
°p-hm≥ Hcp-ßn. F∂m¬ Ah¿°v `¿Øm-°-∑m-cmbn
\¬Ip-hm≥ X\n°v thsd B¨a-°ƒ Cs√∂v Hm¿∏n-
®p-sIm-≠v, tamhm-_n-ep≈ Ah-cpsS `h-\-Øn-te°v aS-
ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ s\mthman Ah-tcm-S-t]-£n-®-t∏mƒ
Hm¿∏ Xs‚ AΩm-bn-b-Ωsb Npw_n-®n´v `h-\-Øn-te°v
aS-ßn-t∏m-bn.
B aq∂p hn[-h-am-cpsS hyXy-kv∞-ß-fmb at\m-`m-
h-߃ {i≤n-°pI: ssZhoI \ymb-hn-[n-bm¬, IpSp-_-
Ønepw `¿Øm-hn-ep-ap≈ `uaoI kt¥m-j-߃ \jvS-
s∏´v ZpxJnX-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp hn[-hb - m-bn-cp∂p s\mthm-
an. Xs‚ AΩm-hn-b-Ω-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ ka-Nn-Ø-X-
tbmsS ssIs°m-≠v, Ffp-∏-am-bXpw IqSp-X¬ kpJ-I-
c-am-bX- p-amb am¿§w Xnc-s™-SpØ Hm¿∏ hn´p-t]m-Ip∂
Hcp hn[-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ cqØm-I-s´, s\mthm-an-
bpsS \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hI-h-bv°msX Ah-
tfmSp ]‰n-t®¿∂v \n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ AS¿Øn-sb-Sp-
t°≠ Hcp hn[-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. s\mthm-an-tbm-sSm-∏-ap≈
]pXn-sbmcp PohnXw Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ, AX{X Ffp-
∏-ap≈ Imcy-a-s√∂p cqØn-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Nne-hp-Im-
cy-߃ \S-Øp-hm≥ Hcp B¨Xp-W-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v
Zmcn-{Zyhpw IjvS-∏m-Sp-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn\p
apºn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂X- v. IqSmsX kz`-h\- t- Øbpw {]nb-s∏-
´-h-scbpw hn´v t]mIbpw thW-am-bn-cp-∂p.
1:16-˛17 Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw cqØv s\mthm-ansb
hn´p-t]m-bn-√. ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ A\y-a-X-ÿ-cpsS AXn-
t{i-jvSa - mb Hcp Dcn-bm-´Ø
- n-eqsS Xm≥ s\mthm-an-tbmSp
]q¿Æ-ambpw {]Xn-⁄m-_≤ - b
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p Ahƒ
ImWn-®p. s\mthm-an-bpsS e£y-ÿm-\-hpw, Ah-fpsS
]m¿∏n-S-hpw, Ah-fpsS P\-hpw, Ah-fpsS ssZhhpw
IqSmsX AS-°-ÿew t]mepw Ah-fp-tSXv cqØv Xnc-
s™-Sp-Øp.
1:18-˛22 ssZhoI bmZr-›n-I-Xz-Øm¬, s\mthm-an-bpw
cqØpw t_Xve-tl-an¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn-bXv bh-s°m-
bvØns‚ Bcw-`-Øn-¶-em-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv BZy-^-e-
Øns‚ kabw ({InkvXp-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øns‚
\ng¬) s\mthm-ansb ho≠pw ImWp-hm-\n-Sbmb-Xn¬
]´Ww apgp-h\pw A¤p-X-s∏-´p. Ahsc t]cp-hn-fn-®p,
lrZ-bw-K-a-ambn kzmKXw sNbvXp.
Ahƒ Ah-tcmSp ]d-™Xv: ""s\mthman F∂√m
amdm F∂p Fs∂ hnfn-∏n≥; k¿∆-i-‡≥ Ft∂mSv
G‰hpw Ibv]m-bp-≈Xv {]h¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.'' \nd-™-h-
fmbn (F∂p h®m¬ `¿Øm-hn-t\mSpw a°-tfmSpw IqsS)
Ahƒ t]mbn, F∂m¬ Hgn-™h - f
- mbn (a-°f
- n-√mØ hn[-
h-bm-bn) btlmh Ahsf aS°n hcp-Øn. \tΩm-Sp≈
284
_‘-Ønepw AXv AX-{]-Im-c-amWv ˛ kz¥ XmXv]-cy-
{]-Imcw ]n≥am‰ hgn-I-fn-eqsS t]mIp-hm≥ \ap°pw Ign-
bpw. ]s£ Hgn-™-h-cmbn I¿Ømhp \sΩ aS-°n-h-cp-
Øpw, AXp an°-hmdpw Ibvt]-dnb in£-W-Øn-eq-sS-
bm-hpw.
III. cqØv t_mh-kns‚ hb-en¬ (A.2)
2:1˛3 sImbv Ø p- I m- e Øv hb¬ ]q¿Æ- a mbpw
sImbvsX-Sp-°p-hm≥ \nb-a{- ]-Imcw bn{km-tb-ens\ A\p-
h-Zn-®n-cp-∂n-√. ]Icw Zcn-{Z¿°pw, A\m-Y¿°pw ]c-tZ-
in°pw hn[-hbv°pw Imem-s]-dp-°p-hm-\mbn Nne IXn-
cp-Iƒ Ah¿ hb-en¬ tijn-∏n-°-W-am-bn-cp∂p (te-
hy.19:9; 23:22; Bh¿.24:19)
Cu \nbaw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v bh hb-ep-
I-fn¬ t]mbn Imem s]dp-°p-hm≥ cqØv Xocp-am-\n-®p.
acn-®p-t]mb Xs‚ AΩm-hn-b-s∏ms‚ [\n-I-\mb Hcp
Nm¿®-°m-c≥, t_mh-kns‚ (_-ew) hb-en-te°v Ahsf
\bn-®Xv Ah-fpsS ku`m-Ky-am-bn-cp-∂n√ adn®v ssZh-
Øns‚ Hcp {Iao-I-c-W-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
2:4˛12 t_Xve-tl-an¬ \ns∂-Ønb t_mh-kv, bu∆-
\-°m-cn-bmb Cu kv{Xosb Ipdn-®p≈ hnh-c-߃ tNmZn-
®-dn-™p. s\mthm-an-bpsS -acp-a-I-fmWv Ah-sf∂v a\-
 n-em-°nb t_mh-kv, Xs‚ hb-en¬ Imem s]dp-°p-
∂Xp XpS¿∂p sIm≈p-hm≥ kvt\l-]q¿∆w Ahsf
£Wn-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ the-°m¿°p≈ sh≈w IpSn-°p-
hm≥ Ahsf A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahƒ kzoI-
cn® Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≈Xpw \nkzm¿∞-am-b-Xp-amb \S-
]-Snsb {]Io¿Øn®psIm≠v Ahƒ°p th≠n-bp≈
sNdn-sbmcp {]m¿∞-\-tbmSp IqSn-bmWv Xs‚ hm°p-
Iƒ Xm≥ D]-kw-l-cn-®-Xv. ""\ns‚ {]h¿Øn°v btlmh
]Icw \¬I-s´. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-amb btlm-h-
bpsS Nnd-In≥ Iosg B{i-bn®p h∂n-cn-°p∂ \n\°v
Ah≥ ]q¿Æ {]Xn-^ew Xcp-am-dm-Is´'' (hm.12)
entbm≥ tamdnkv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv:
bYm-k-a-bØv B {]m¿∞\ Dcp-hn-´-h-\n-eqsS Xs∂
AXn-\p≈ DØcw e-`n-®p. btlm-h-bpsS Nnd-In≥ Iosg
B{i-bn®p h∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah-
fpsS tZi-am-‰-Øn-ep≈ Bflob ImgvN-∏mSv Ah≥ a\-
 n-em-°p-∂p. Hcp hf¿Ø-Ω-bpsS Nnd-In≥ Iosg ]nS-
bp∂ Hcp Ip™n-°n-fnsb kw_-‘n-®p-≈-XmWv B
Ae-¶mc {]tbm-Kw. B{i-b-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw kpc-£n-X-Xz-
Øn-s‚bpw hy‡-amb Hcp Nn{X-am-WXp \¬Ip-∂-Xv.(3)
Hcp PmXob kv{Xobmb Xt∂m-Sv, blq-Z-\mb Hcp-
h≥ Xm≥ A¿ln-°mØ hn[-Øn¬ lrZ-b-]q¿∆-amb
Xmev]cyw ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahƒ AXn-i-bn®p ˛
F∂m¬ AXn- s \mcp Imc- W - a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. cqØv
s\mthm-an-tbmSp ImWn® Zbsb Ipdn®pw blqZ hnizm-
k-Øn-te-°p≈ Ah-fpsS a\w am‰-sØ-°p-dn®pw Xo¿®-
bmbpw t_mhkv tI´n-´p-≠v.
2:13-˛16 Ah\v Ah-tfmSv hfsc aXn∏p tXm∂n-b-Xn-
cqØv 2,3
\m¬, Xs‚ _mey-°m-tcm-Sp-IqsS `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-
Xn\v Ahsf £Wn-°p-Ibpw Ahƒ°p th≠n [m\y-
°-Xn¿ a\x]q¿∆w hogvØn-bn-Sp-hm≥ sImbvØp-Im-tcmSv
I¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
2:17 sshIp-t∂-c-am-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ X\n°v Imem
s]dp°n In´n-bXp saXn-®p. AXv GI-tZiw Hcp ]d
bh-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. HuZm-cy-]-c-amb hen-tbmcp Af-hm-bn-
cp∂p AXv. ssZh-h-N\ ]T-\-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
\mapw CXp-t]mse sNø-Ww. AXm-bXv AXnse hne-
tb-dnb kXy-߃ \mw kzbw s]dp-°n-sb-Sp-°-Ww.
F∂n´v Ahsb {]tbm-Kn-°-Ww.
{InkvXp-hns‚ At\I sshin-jvSy-߃ t_mh-kn¬
Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn \ap°p ImWmw. hfsc
kº-Øp≈ Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p t_mhkv (hm.1).
Ah≥ Zb A¿ln-°mØ ]c-tZ-in-I-tfmSv a\- -en-hp-≈-
h-\m-bn-cp∂p (hm.8,9). \mw I¿Øm-hns\ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\p
apºv Xs∂ \sΩ Ipdn-®p-≈-sX√mw Ah≥ Adn-bp-∂-
Xp-t]m-se, cqØv Ahs\ I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xn\p apºp Xs∂
Ahsf Ipdn-®p≈ F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ah≥ a\- n-em-
°n-bn-cp∂p (hm.11). Ah≥ cqØns\ A\p-{K-ln-®p.
Ahsf kXvIc - n-®p. Ah-fpsS Bh-iy-sa√mw km[n-∏n®p
sImSpØp (hm.14). Ah≥ Ahƒ°p kwc-£W - hpw `mhn-
bn-te-°p≈ kar-≤nbpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp (hm.15,16).
`mhn-bn¬ \ΩpsS t{ijvT hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c-\mb Nm¿®-
°m-c≥ \tΩmSp ImWn-°p∂ Xs‚ Zb Cu ImcpWy
{]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ \ng-en®p ImWp-∂p.
2:18-˛23 [m\yw ho´n¬ sIm≠p-h∂p kw`-hn-®-sXm-
s°bpw s\mthm-ansb Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ, btlm-h-bpsS
]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn shfn-s∏-´p-sh∂v hnth-I-a-Xn-
bmb B blqZ kv{Xo°v a\- n-em-bn. acn-®p-t]mb Xs‚
`¿Øm-hns‚ ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ t_mh-
sk∂pw X\n°pw cqØn\pw th≠n btlmh A¤p-X-
I-c-amb hn[-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ t]mIp-∂p-sh∂pw
Ahƒ hnth-Nn-®d - n-™p. AXp-sIm≠v t_mh-kns‚ hb-
en¬ Imem s]-dp-°p-∂Xp XpS-cp-hm≥ Ahƒ cqØns\
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p.
t_mh-kns‚ hb-en¬ Xßp-hm-\p≈ s\mthm-an-bpsS
D]-tZiw _p≤n-]-c-am-bp≈ Hcp \o°-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah≥
Ah-tfmSv IcpW ImWn-®-t∏mƒ, ]ns∂ F¥n\v as‰mcp
hb-en¬ t]mbn Ahs\ A[n-t£-]n-°-tbm, Ahs‚
kwc-£Ww Xnc-kvI-cn-°ptbm sNøWw? I¿Ømhv
\ap°v hmKvZØw sNbvXn-´p≈ Icp-X-ep-Ifpw kwc-£-
Whpw hn´p \mapw euIoI kpJ-ß-fpsS hb-ep-I-fn¬
Ae-tb≠ Imcy-an-√.
IV. cqØns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c-\mb
Nm¿®-°m-c≥ (A.3)
3:1˛5 cqØv Hcp hn{ia ÿew ˛ AXm-bXv Hcp
`¿Ømhpw Hcp hoSpw ˛ I≠p ]nSn-°ptam F∂ Imcy-
Øn¬ s\mthm-an°v DXvI-WvT-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-
sIm≠v hnhm-lw, hkvXp-h-I-sb∂o Xs‚ BZysØ
 cqØv 3,4
Bh-iy-߃ Dt]-£n®v AXn-\p-]-I-cw, t_mhkv If-
Øn¬ bhw ]m‰p∂ ka-bØv cm{Xn Ah-s‚-b-SpØp
t]mIp-hm≥ Ahƒ cqØns\ D]-tZ-in-®p.
bn{km-tbey BNm-c-߃ cqØn\v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-
cp-∂X- n-\m¬, tZh-ch
- n-hm-lØ
- n\pw kwc-£W
- Ø
- n-\p-ambn
Nm¿®-°m-c-t\mSv apd-{]-Im-c-ap≈ A`y¿∞\ \S-tØ-≠-
sX-ß-s\-sb∂v Ahƒ°v hni-Z-ambn ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°-
W-am-bn-cp-∂p. (kv{In-]vN¿ bqWn-bs‚ ssZ\w Zn\ Ipdn-
∏n¬ \n∂pw)
3:6,7 t_mhkv Xs‚ tPmen-sbm-s°bpw Ign-™v,
Xn∂p IpSn®v bh-Iq-ºm-c-Øns‚ Hcp hiØv sN∂v InS-
∂-t∏mƒ, cqØv Ahs‚ Imen-t∑-ep≈ ]pX∏v s]m°n
AhnsS InS-∂p. \ΩpsS kwkvIm-ca - \
- p-kc
- n®v CXv [¿Ω-
hn-cp-≤-amb Hcp {]hr-Øn-bmbn \ap°v tXm∂n-tb-°mw.
F∂m¬ A°m-eØv B {]hrØn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-
bn-cp∂p (sb-l.16:8 ImWp-I), Xs∂-bp-a√ AXn¬
bmsXmcphn[ Xn∑-tbm, A«o-etam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
3:8˛11 A¿≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ DW¿∂ t_mhkv Xs‚
Im¬°¬ InS-°p∂ cqØns\ I≠p. hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-
cs‚ apd \nh¿Øn-∏m≥ At]-£n® Ahsf imkn-°m-
sX, Xm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. t_mhkv cqØn-
t\mSv btlm-hb - n¬ B{ibw sh∏m≥ ]d-™p-sh-¶n-epw,
btlm-h-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-W-{]-Imcw X∂n¬ B{i-b-
ÿm\w At\z-jn®p h∂n-cn-°p∂ Ahsf \nc-kn-°p-
hm≥ X\n-s°-ßs\ Ignbpw? Xs∂-bp-a√ Ahƒ Hcp
DØa kv{Xobm-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bp-≈h - ¿ apØp-If
- nepw
hne-tb-dn-b-h-cmWv (k-Zr.31:10). Ah-fpsS BZysØ Zb-
tb-°mƒ (Xs‚ kz¥ `h-\-tØbpw Nm¿®°mtcbpw
hn´v s\mthm-an-tbm-sSm∏w h∂-Xv) HSp-hn-e-tØXv (A-h-
¶-ep≈ Ah-fpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb ka¿∏-Ww) IqSp-X¬
\∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ah-fpsS Bflm¿∞-X-tbm-Sp≈
_‘-Øn¬ Ah≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p.
Hcp-h≥ a°-fn-√msX acn-®p-t]m-bm¬, Ahs‚ G‰hpw
ASpØv Nm¿®-°m-c≥ B hn[-hsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
(B-h.25:5˛10) Ahs‚ IpSpw-_-t∏cv \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw
Ah¿°p≈ Ah-Im-i-tZiw B IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \ne-
\n¿Øp-Ibpw thW-sa-∂mWv tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw
Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp-h≥ B¨a-°-fn-√msX acn-
®p-t]m-Ip-tºm-gm-bn-cp∂p AXv IqSp-X¬ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-
°p-∂Xv: Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ Bsc-¶nepw B hn[-hsb
hnhmlw Ign-°bpw Ah¿°v Hcp aI≥ P\n®v Aßs\
B IpSpw-_-t∏cv \ne-\n¬°bpw sNøpw.
Xo¿®-bmbpw cqØv Ct∏mƒ a°-fn-√m-Ø-h-fmbn
tijn-®n-cn-°b - m-W.v t_mhkv Feo-at- e-°ns‚ Hcp Nm¿®-
°m-c\ - m-bX
- n-\m¬, Ahsf hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Ah-
fpsS hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c-\mb Hcp Nm¿®-°m-c-\m-Ip-hm≥
Ah≥ A¿l-X-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah≥ A¿-l-\m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂p am{X-a√ Ah≥ AXn\p XmXv]-cy-ap-≈-h-\p-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
3:12,13 F∂m¬ AXn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ \nb-a-]-
285
c-amb Hcp sshjayw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. t_mh-kn-s\-°mƒ
ASpØ Hcp Nm¿®-°m-c≥ Ahƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-
cy-Øn¬ ap≥K-W\ Ah-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ASpØ Nm¿®-
°m-c≥ hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c\
- mb Nm¿®-°m-c\
- m-Ip- h
- m≥ B{K-
ln-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ t_mhkv AXp-sN-øpw. {]`m-
X-Øn¬ B Imcy-Øn\p ]cn-lmcw hcp-Øp-hm≥ Xocp-
am-\n-®p.
3:14-˛18 {]`m-X-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p sXm´p-ap-ºp-hsc cqØv
Ahs‚ Imev°¬ Xs∂ InS-∂p. t_mhkv Ah-fpsS
]pX-∏n¬ Bdn-S-ßgn bhw Af∂p sImSp-Øp. AXv
cqØn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Xs‚ Bg-ta-dnb kvt\l-
Øns‚ Hcp- d ∏pw s\mthm- a n- t bm- S p≈ _‘- Ø n¬,
Xmakw IqSmsX Cu Imcy-߃ Xm≥ ssIImcyw sNøp-
sa-∂p-≈-Xns‚ Hcp sXfn-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
cqØv Hcp DØ-ak - v{Xo-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v B¥-
cn-I-ambn Ahƒ t_mh-kns‚ Zbbv°v tbmKy-bp-am-bn-
cp-∂p. F∂m¬ \sΩ kw_-‘n-®n-St- Øm-fw, \mw tbmKy-
X-bn-√mØ ]m]n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pw I¿Ømhv Xs‚
]pX∏v \ΩpsS ta¬ hncn®v \mw Bbn-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-
bn¬ \sΩ kzoI-cn-®p. Xs‚ Ir]m-Zm-\-ß-fm¬ Ah≥
\sΩ \nd-®p. \ΩpsS hnhmlw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-∏m≥ aS-ßn-
h-cp-sa-∂p≈ hmKvZØw \¬In \sΩ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p.
]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏´ Hcp {]hr-Øn-bmbn \ΩpsS c£
ÿocn-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ \ΩpsS GIo-I-c-W-Øns‚
]q¿Æ-amb kz¿§ob A\p-`q-Xo-bn-te-°p≈ {]th-i\w
aW-hm-fs‚ aS-ßn-h-c-hnte km≤y-am-I-bp-≈q.
kw`-hn-®-sXm-s°bpw s\mthman tI´-t∏mƒ, Cu
kw`-h-ß-fpsS k¶o¿Æ-amb Ah-km\w F¥m-Ip-sa-∂-
dn-bp-thmfw A\-ßm-sX-bn-cn-°-sb∂p Ahƒ cqØn-
t\mSp ]d-™p.
]e-t∏mgpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw {]bm-k-ap≈
`mKw CXmWv ˛ AXm-bXv bmsXm∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°m-
sXbpw IqSp-X-embn H∂pw {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-sX-
bp-an-cn-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-ln-XØ
- n-\mbn £a-tbmsS ImØn-
cn-°p-I. kwi-߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw DXvIWvT \pg™p
IS-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Cu \nan-j-ß-fn-emWv (kv{In-
]vN¿ bqWn-bs‚ ssZ\w Zn\ Ipdn-∏n¬ \n∂pw).
V. t_mh-kn-\m-ep≈ hos≠-Sp∏v (4:1˛12)
4:1˛6 {]`m-X-Øn¬ t_mh-kv, aq∏-∑m¿ Ccp∂v \nb-a-
]-c-amb Imcy-߃ N¿®-sNbvXp ]cn-l-cn-°p∂ ]´-W-
hm-Xn¬°¬ sN∂p. Bkq-{XWw sNø-s∏´ as‰mcp
bmZr-›n-IXzw At∏mƒ kw`-hn-®p. B \nanjw Xs∂
cqØns‚ B ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c≥ AXphgn h∂p.
Ahs\ FtSm (kvt\-ln-Xm) F∂p kwt_m-[\ sNbvXp-
sIm≠v Hcp \nanjw \n¬°p-hm≥ Ah-t\mSv Bh-iy-
s∏-´p. F∂n´v aq∏-∑m-cmb ]Øp-t]-cpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬
s\mthm-an-bp-sSbpw cqØn-s‚bpw Ncn{Xw t_mhkv Ah-
tcmSp ]d-™p. A\-¥cw tamhm-_n-te°v t]mb-t∏mƒ
Feo-at- e°v ]Wbw h®n-cn-°p-hm≥ km≤y-Xb - p≈ Ah-
cpsS Ah-Imiw XncnsI hmßp-hm-\p≈ Hc-h-kcw B
286
ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c\p \¬In. Cu kabw hsc t]cp
]d-b-s∏-´n-´n-√mØ B Nm¿®-°m-c\v AXphmßphm≥
XmXv]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu ÿew hmßp-∂-h≥
tamhm_y kv{Xobmb cqØns\ hnhmlw sNø-W-sa-
∂m-h-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, AXp Xs‚ kz¥ Ah-Imiw \jvS-
am-°p-sa∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v Ah≥ AXn¬ \n∂pw ]n∑m-
dn.
cqØns‚ hkvXp {i≤n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Xs‚ ka-
bhpw {]b-Xv\hpw Nne-hn-tS≠n hcpw, Aß-s\-bm-hp-
tºmƒ Xs‚ kz¥w ÿew Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥
km≤y-X-bp-≠v. Ah-km\w B tZiw cqØns‚ A\-¥-
c-h-Im-in-Iƒ°p-t]m-Ipw, Aßs\ Xs‚ kz¥-a-√m-Xm-
Ipw.(5)
ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-cs‚ t]cv tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØmsX hn´p-
I-f-™-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ amXyp ]qfns‚ A`n-{]mbw:
t_mh-kn\v Xo¿®-bmbpw Ahs‚ t]c-dn-bm-am-bn-
cp∂p. B t]cp-sNm-√n-bmWv Ahs\ hnfn-®Xv F∂-Xn¬
kwi-b-an-√. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ AXp
Hgnhm°n-bX- m-Wv. AX-dn-tb≠ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂p-≈X
- mWv
AXns‚ Hcp Imc-Ww. IqSmsX \nb-a-]-c-ambn km[m-c-
W-sa-t∂mWw Hcp Ah⁄m coXn-bn¬, Xs‚ ktlm-
Z-cs‚ t]cv ImØp-kq-£n-°m-Ø-h\p Xs‚ kz¥w-t]cv
\jvS-amIpw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah-t∑-ep≈ \oXn-]q¿∆-
amb Hcp in£ IqSn-bm-Wv.(6)
Cu ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-cs\ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn\v
ZrjvSm-¥-ambn Hc-I∂ \ne-bn¬ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.
]m]nsb hos≠-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ AXns‚ Ign-hn-√mbva
]Øp km£n-I-fm¬ (]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ) ÿnco-I-cn-°p-
∂p. ""in£ hn[n-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-hsc
hos≠-Sp-°p-hm≥ \nb-a-Øn\v Ign-bp-∂n-√. AXns‚
Xs∂ Dt±-iy-Øn\v hncp-≤a - m-WXv''(7). PU-Øm-ep≈ _e-
lo-\X \nanØambn-cp∂p \nb-a-Øn\v hos≠-Sp-°p-hm≥
Ign-bm-™Xv (tdm-a¿. 8:3).
ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-cs‚ \ntj-[w, t_mh-kns\ kzX-
{¥- \ m- ° n, ImcWw cqØns\ hnhmlw sNtø≠
ASpØ hy‡n Xm\m-bn-cp-∂p.
4:7˛8 A-°m-e-Øv, I£-n-If-n¬ Hcmƒ Xs‚ sNcn∏v
Ducn as‰-bmƒ°p \¬In-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p hos≠-Sp∏pw
ssIam-‰hpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ F√m CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw ÿnco-
I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ \nc-kn-°-s∏´ B hn[-h,
\nc-kn-°p∂ Nm¿®-°m-cs‚ sNcn-∏q-cn, Ahs‚ apJØp
Xp∏-Ws - a-∂mWv \ymb-{]-am-WØ
- n¬ {]tXyIw FSpØp
]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv (B-h.25:9). ChnsS Cu hn-jbtØmSp
_‘-Øn¬ ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c≥ shdpsX Xs‚ sNcn-
∏qcn t_mh-kn\v sImSp-°-bm-bn-cp∂p sNbvX-Xv.
4:9˛12 Feo-a-te-°ns‚ hkvXp hmßn, tamhm_y
kv{Xobmb cqØns\ Xm≥ hnhmlw sNøp-sa-∂v, B
sNcn∏v e`n® DSs\ t_mhkv {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. IqSn-
\n-∂-h¿ t_mh-kns\ A\p-{K-ln-®p. dmtl¬, teb
cqØv 4
F∂n-h¿°p-≈-Xp-t]m-se, At\I k¥m\ ]c-º-c-Iƒ
Ah¿°p-≠m-Is´ F∂p Bio¿h-Zn®p blq-Z-bn¬ Xma-
dn-\p-≠mb k¥-Xn-bmb t]c-kns\ Ipdn-®p≈ Chn-
SpsØ {]kvXm-hw, B Ncn-{X-Øns‚ A[-a-amb kz`m-
hsØ Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v, Hcp bn{km-tb-ey\pw A\y-
Pm-Xn-°m-cnbpw Dƒs∏´ tZhc hn-hm-l-Øns‚ as‰mcp
kw`-ha - m-bn-cp∂p AsX-∂p≈ hkvXp-Xb
- n¬ {i≤ tI{µo-
I-cn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.
Hmt_Zv hsc ]pd-tIm´v FØn \n¬°p∂ Zmho-Zns‚
cmP-Iob hwi-]m-c-ºcyw (4:13-˛22)
4:13-˛16 t_mhkv cqØns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ahƒ
Hmt_Zv (Zm-k≥) F∂p t]cp≈ Hcp ]p{X\v P∑w \¬In.
s\mthman B ss]X-ens\ kz¥w Ip™n-s\-t∏m-se-
sb-Sp-Øp. Ah\p [m{Xn-bmbn Xo¿∂p.
4:17-˛22 ]n¬°m-e-Øv, Zmho-Zns‚ ]nXm-hmb bn»m-
bn-bpsS ]q¿∆n-I-\mbn Xo¿∂p Hmt_-Zv. Zmho-Zns‚
t{ijvT] - p-{X-\mb I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kX v p-hns‚ AXn-
t{i-jvT-amb hwi-]m-c-º-c-bpsS (a-Øm.1) Hcp `mK-ambn
Xocp-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ Zmho-Zns‚ (h-’-e≥) Hcp sNdnb
hwim-h-en-tbmSp IqsS, Aßs\ Cu ]pkvXIw Ah-
km-\n-°p-∂p. Cu hwim-hen ]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ B{K-
ln-®p-sIm-≠p-≈X - √
- . \ymbm-[n-]∑
- m-cpsS Ime-L´- Ø
- ns‚
XpS-°-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p k¬tam≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xv, cmPm-
°-∑m-cpsS Imew XpS-ßn-b-t∏mgpw ZmhoZv P\n-®n-cp-∂n-
√. A-Xm-bXv Gsd-°psd Hc‰w apX¬ at‰ A‰w hsc
FØp∂ \m\qdp kwh-’-cw. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse
hwim-h-en-I-fn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ]e t]cp-Ifpw a\x]q¿∆w
Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
Zmho-Zn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ Cu sNdnb hwim-h-en-
bm¬, hmb-\° - m-c≥ cmP-hm-gvNb- v°pw, thZ-]p-kvXI {Ia-
a-\p-kc
- n-®p≈ ASpØ ]pkvXI - ß- f
- mb 1,2 iap-th-en\pw
th≠n Hcp-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
ENDNOTES
1(Intro) J. Vernon McGee, Ruth and Esther:
Women of Faith, p.15.
2(Intro) lrving L. Jensen, Juduges/Ruth, p.80.
3(2:4-12) Leon Morris (with Arthur E..Cundall),
Judges and Ruth, pp.276,277.
4(4:1-6)The Hebrew here is colorful. Instead of
giving the man’s name the text calls him so and so
(pelonialmoni, NKJV marg.)
5(4:1-6) Source Unknown.
6(4:1-6) Matthew Poole, Matthew Poole’s
Commentary on the Holy Bible, p.511.
7(4;1-6) Source Unknown.
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NOTES