ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND

EMISSION NORMS ON HYBRID

AND HYBRID AND ELECTRIC
VEHICLES

PROJECT TYPE: MAJOR

NAME:JUJJAVARAPU SAI SIVA MANIKANTA CHOWDARY

EMAILID: Chowdaryjujjavarapu018@gmail.com
BATCH
: March
COURSE
: Hybrid And Electric Vehicles
MENTOR
: Srujan .GS

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ABSTRACT
In this repot we state the impact on the environment due to the Hybrid electric
vehicles and emission norms placed by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standards and The Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). It
contains the changes obtained in the environment by implementing the Hybrid
Electric Vehicles in the current changing world and, the norms placed the
authorities in manufacturing and how it’s going to the change the present
automobile industry. In addition, with these we state the decision of various
companies in implementing the HEV’s. In this report we will also state the reports
given by various companies and compare it with the changes from change in
Vehicles.

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______________________________________________________TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title Page No.
i. Front Page 1
ii. Abstract 2
iii. Table of Contents 3
iv. List of Tables and Figures 4
v. Abbreviations and Acronyms 5

Project Contents
Section 1: Introduction
1.1. Introduction to Topic 6
1.2. Need and Motivation of Topic 6
Section 2: Collected Data
2.1. Review of Collected Data 7
2.2. Conclusion Drawn 7
Section 3: Description of Issue
3.1. Problem Statement 8
3.2. Methods to Solve Issue 8
Section 4: Resolution and Conclusion
4.1. Detailed Description of each method 9
4.2. Conclusion with Justification 9
References

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 ___________________________________________LIST OF TABLES AND
FIGURES
Table Page
Table
No. No.

1. Table describing the Reviewed data 7

2. Table stating the ways to describe the solution 8

Figure Page
Figure
No. No.

1. Decrease in emission of gases in this era 8

2. Increase in production of EV 8

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 ____________ABBREVATIONS AND
ACRONYMS
SIAM The Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers

HEV Hybrid and Electric Vehicle

EV Electric Vehicles
C02 Carbon Dioxide
BCS Battery Charging Station

BSS Battery Swapping Station

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______________________________________________SECTION 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction to Topic
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles emits less pollution when compared to vehicles
running by using Non-Renewable energy resources. It’s emitting around
4000 pounds of CO2 around a year. Hybrid electric vehicles comprise of an
electric motor, inverter, battery as electric drive and an internal combustion
engine with transmission connected as gasoline-based drive. It is to achieve
better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions. They were no specific
norms on HEV’s it also should follow the same norms followed by the
vehicles in order to maintain the environment safe and to protect the
nature by the pollution caused by the vehicles.
In case of HEV’s it emits fewer toxic gases, but other vehicles produce more
toxic gases when compared to HEV’s. In a way they were better but, in the
manufacturing, and recycling process EV emits more pollution and skills to
handle when compared to the other vehicles. In the production the HEV’s
are considering more norms and taking extra care for in the manufacturing.
Now a days many companies are shifting the manufacturing of Gasoline
based vehicles to HEV’s and EV like Toyota, Audi, Ford Motor Company etc.
They were interested in making more electric cars so that we can see the
number of gasoline-based cars can be reduced to a very few numbers
1.2. Need and Motivation of Topic
 By knowing the impact on the environment by the HEV’s we can take
necessary methods to reduce the impact.
 The emission norms were based by the SIAM are used to make vehicles
under those conditions only in order maintain sustainability in the nature.

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  Companies which are making the vehicles by not following the norms are
more reliable than any other company.
 By knowing the norms and the effects we can take good decisions in
choosing the best car or vehicle
 Also, by using the ecofriendly charging stations we can also prevent
emission of toxic gases.

__________________________________________SECTION 2: COLLECTED
DATA
2.1. Review of Collected Data

Sl. Author and Methods Used Conclusion by Critical

No. Title Year of by Author Author Assessment by
Publication yourself
It summarizes We consider the
the key factors effecting
Hybrid Electric Federal and initiatives and the increase in
Vehicles for Mariam Provincial policies adapted HEV’s and also
Sustainable Khan1 and Policies and by the the health risks
1
Transportation: A Narayan C. Incentives to government to associated with
Canadian Kar2-2009 Promote Hybrid encourage the vehicular
Perspective Vehicles purchase of fuel- emissions
efficient the
HEV’s
2 A Comprehensive Salman 1.Various Levels It summarizes We can also
Study of Habib1,2, of EVs Penetration the key ways to decrease the
Implemented Student 2.Strategies of
Charging complete emission from
International Member, IEEE,
Muhammad 3. Different assessment of charging
Standards, Characteristics of charging systems stations by
Mansoor
Technical EVs Battery
Khan1, and the ways to Implementing
Challenges, 4. Location of
Member, IEEE, implement more ways of
Impacts and Farrukh Abbas1, Charging
Prospects for ecofriendly using eco-
Lei Sang3, 5. Charging
Electric Vehicles Patterns charging stations friendly goods
Muhammad

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 Umair Shahid1, 6. Charging Time
and Hyojun 7Profiles for Fleet
Tang1-2018 Charging.
2.1. Conclusion Drawn
From the collected data we can say that we cannot completely stop the
emission from all the ways but we can reduce it by decreasing the emission
from charging stations and by carefully refining the chemicals used in the
batteries and by using ecofriendly energy sources

___________________ _SECTION 3: DESCRIPTION OF

ISSUE

3.1. Problem Statement

Environmental impact and Norms on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

FIG :1 FIG:2

We can say that the emission of greenhouse gases can be decreased drastically by
using the HEV’s and following certain norms to manufacture the vehicles. The
following are the methods we can use so as to implement HEV’s without any
damage to the environment. They were many ways let’s take the below two

1.By using the natural energy resources for charging vehicles

2.By using various methods in manufacturing to follow the norms more accurately

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3.2. Methods to Solve the Issue

Sl. Methods Used Resources used

No.
1 Ecofriendly energy sources such as 1.Solar systems
charging stations which emit less amount 2.Wind or Tidal energy
of hazardous gasses 3.Thermal energy
4.Combination of any above sources
2 Following steps involved in manufacturing Designed with cutoff switches to
more carefully according the norms isolate the battery and disable the
electric system

___________________________SECTION
4: RESOLUTION AND
CONCLUSION 4.1. Detailed description of each method
We use methods to implement the life cycle of the system by changing the
charging stations such as BCS, BSS and so on. It can be done in many ways but still
we can implant the ways such as increasing stations where can change the battery
based on the vehicle compatibility and the work done by the system.
We can also use system with highly technological and more advanced so as to
implement the working of the vehicle by using more sophisticated materials such
as isolated batteries, motors etc.

4.2. Conclusion with Justification

From the above report we conclude that the environmental impact by HEV’s is
quite low when compared to gasoline or nonrenewable energy-based vehicles.
They can also be reduced by using Eco-friendly charging stations and by using
renewable energy resources to charge the vehicle. And by also changing the
batteries according to the vehicle and make the vehicles based upon norms given
by SIAM and by using less harmfully chemicals in batteries so that it can’t become
hazardous in recycle or disposal of batteries.

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_____________________________________________________________REFERENCE
S
https://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/08307044.pdf

https://www.ijert.org/research/hybrid-electric-vehicle-IJERTCONV7IS11099.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/
environmental-pollution

https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/advantages-of-evs/evs-
environmental-impact/

https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/electric-vehicle-myths

https://youmatter.world/en/are-electric-cars-eco-friendly-and-zero-emission-
vehicles-26440/

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/chapter/bk9781782628927-00133/978-1-78262-
892-7

https://scl.io/Jcxc0pq

https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.html#wheel

https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/image/upload/asset_library/
MDA00000000000014459/db6f8da3dc2f4b129e10151d4c2b871d.jpg

https://www.eiu.com/n/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Bidens-plan-to-reduce-
emissions-1.gif

https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_maintenance.html

http://evsafetytraining.org/

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