Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

College of Electronics Engineering

VOLTAGE-CURRENT RELATIONSHIP IN RESISTIVE

ELEMENTS USING MULTISIM
by
NICOLE KRISTINE TAN
BS ECE 2-5

Introduction

A huge transmission line network transports electricity from The values of the current and the voltage in Condition
power plant generators to industry and residential consumption. This 1 shows how Pure Resistive current waveform should behave. It
is where Alternating current is useful and efficient since it is easier and is observable too that the current and voltage is in phase with
less expensive to produce than direct current. It can be distributed each other. Contrary to Condition 2 that have a 45° phase angle
more easily than dc since transformers can easily change their and its voltage-current waveforms showed in Figure 3 shows
voltage. Systems with periodic source voltage variations, especially some anomaly in the graph. The waveform started at the
sinusoidal ones, are referred to as alternating current (ac) systems. negative then it becomes normal after some time. It still shows
The voltage that an ac system's voltage source produces is that the voltage and current is in phase but the voltage value
determined by the time, peak voltage, and angular frequency, and its shows some fluctuations. The waveform of Condition 3 at Figure
current is calculated using peak current and angular frequency. In this 4 suggest the same too. The only difference is that the values of
experiment, I was able to (1) Observe the behavior of the Pure R voltage and current started from positive and doesn’t pass
element and (2) Relate the behavior of the following voltage to current negative before being normal waveform.
and vice versa in a pure R element. (3) Connect the electrical wiring
The experiment also tested the values of current and
diagram of an alternating current circuit system.
voltages using Voltmeter and ammeter. For the three phase angles,
the value of current and voltage is the same. The table below shows
An AC circuit with only R ohms of pure resistance is referred
the values.
to as a purely resistive circuit. Inductance and capacitance don't exist
Phase Angle Voltage Current
in a circuit that is only made up of resistance. Alternating current and
voltage flow in both directions of the circuit, forward and backward. As 0° 229.991 V 229.991 mA
a result, the sinusoidal or the alternating current and voltage adopt the 45° 229.945 V 229.945 mA
sinusoidal or sine wave shape is entirely resistive, the resistors waste -50° 229.885 V 229. 885 mA
energy while maintaining the same phase of the voltage and current,
which causes both to peak simultaneously. The resistor is an inactive Table 1: Acquired Voltage and Current
component that neither produces nor consumes electricity. Instantaneous voltage and current of the three conditions
have V(t)= Vmsin(𝝎t) and I(t)= Imsin(𝝎t). To get the Vm , I used
Discussion 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑽𝒎
the formula of 𝑽𝒎 = 𝟎.𝟕𝟎𝟕 and for Im , I used 𝑰𝒎 = 𝒓 . To get 𝝎, I
In an AC circuit, the supply frequency, phase angle, and used 𝝎 = 2𝝅f.
phase difference all affect the voltage-to-current ratio. In the Phase Angle Instantaneous voltage and current
experiment that is what I tested using the application of Multisim. I use 0° V= 325.318 sin (6283.185 t), V
an Ac source with 230V 1kHz to a resistive load measuring 1kilo-ohm I= 0.325(6283.185t), A
and connected it to a circuit to test and observe the behavior of 45° V(t)= 325.318 sin (6283.185 t +45°), V
different pure resistive circuits that have different phase angles. I(t)= 0.325(6283.185t+45°), A
-50° V(t)= 325.318 sin (6283.185 t-50°), V
I(t)= 0.325(6283.185t-50°), A

Table 2: Solved Instantaneous Values of Voltage and Current

Synthesis

I discovered that this exercise is a continuation of the AC

elements, giving me more knowledge from the prior exercise thus
helping me to complete the laboratory exercise. This exercise is also
Figure 1: Pure Resistive Circuit much easy than the Laboratory 3 that’ is why I enjoyed this Pure
Figure 1 shows the AC circuit that I used for all the tests. It Resistive circuit using Multisim to simulate. I discovered that Pure R
is connected to an oscilloscope and two multimeters: one is set to circuits that have different phase angles yields several output
acquire the voltage while the other one is to acquire the current of the waveforms.
circuit. For Condition 1, the AC source needs to be at 0°, and the I gain a deeper understanding of the topic of Alternating
waveform form showing the relationship of the current and between Circuits by the study of the waveforms displayed in the various figures.
voltage of the circuit in Condition 1 is shown below. It has focused on how changes phase angle affects the value of the
current and the voltage. Where, in fact in this experiment, the values
of current and the voltages in different conditions didn’t change and
Figure 2: Voltage and are all the same with only minimal changes. The images and tables
Current waveforms in included in this laboratory report's results stress how clearly the
Condition 1 findings show how the behavior of voltage to currents and vice versa
in Pure Resistive circuit behaves and acts in different phase angles.
This experiment will allow me to learn more about the
resistive components of an AC circuit as an electronics engineer. It
Figure 3: Voltage and
has been useful in educating me about the operation of a Pure R
Current waveforms in
circuit, the waveform produced during circuit operation, and the proof
Condition 2
that current and voltage will remain in phase even if the phase angle
is modified.

Figure 4: Voltage and

Current waveforms in
Condition 3