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Monday 21st March 2022

Recipient

INTRODUCTION
We confirm having been engaged by “บริษัท เกตน์ สิริแอสเสท จำกัด” to carry out structural analysis on the
glass panel for roofing application for the purpose of determining the ultimate and allowable
wind pressure normal to the panel.

The structural analysis for application mentioned above is based on the following assumption:
 The glass panel behaves like a flat plate such that flat plate theory is applicable.
 The structural analysis was carried out based on ‘Flat plate theory’ and the numerical
solutions outlined in Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain (Richard D. Budynas, Ali M.
Sadegh, 2020).
 The glass panel is perfectly flat – having a uniform thickness– and of homogeneous
isotropic material;
 The thickness is not more than about one quarter of the least transverse dimension, and
the maximum deflection is not more than about one-half the thickness;
 All forces—loads and reactions—are normal to the plane of the panel; and
 The panel is nowhere stressed beyond the elastic limit. For convenience in discussion, it
will be assumed further that the plane of the plate is horizontal.

IMPORTANT NOTE: It is worth noting that imperfection caused from glass manufacturing
process (e.g., impurity and non-uniform thickness) and residual stress are neglected in this
structural analysis for simplicity. The wind pressure is assumed to be uniform over the entire
panel.

SCOPE
The result from this structural analysis is only applicable to the glass panel- with dimensions
specified in the result summary section- subjected to normal wind-down and wind uplift
pressure. The supporting boundary condition is as shown in the below Figure 1.

Glass panel that does not correlate with the condition described in this section needs to be
reconfirmed by us.

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Figure 1 – Panel Support condition

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
We assumed the glass panel has the following properties:

 Air Density: 1.20kg/m3

 Glass Density: 260kg/m3
 Modulus of elasticity: 70000MPa
 Bending Strength: 45 MPa
 Tensile Strength: 45MPa
 Bearing Strength: 0.42MPa
 Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 8x10-5 /C°

RESULT SUMMARY
On the completion of our analysis, we have the following comments:

 The ultimate wind-down pressure for 1.37mm W x 1.67mm L x 12mm T panel: 330kg/m
 The ultimate wind-down pressure for 1.37mm W & 1.83mm L x 12mm T panel: 320kg/m

 The ultimate wind uplift pressure for 1.37mm W x 1.67mm L x 12mm T panel: 385kg/m
 The ultimate wind uplift pressure for 1.37mm W & 1.83mm L x 12mm T panel: 375kg/m

 The allowable wind-down pressure for 1.37mm W x 1.67mm L x 12mm T panel:

120kg/m
 The allowable wind-down pressure for 1.37mm W & 1.83mm L x 12mm T panel: 90kg/m

 The allowable wind uplift pressure for 1.37mm W x 1.67mm L x 12mm T panel: 175kg/m
 The allowable wind uplift pressure for 1.37mm W & 1.83mm L x 12mm T panel:
145kg/m

The above comments are based on the design criteria outlined below:

Ultimate limit state:

 Temperature difference: 20C°
 Factor of safety (FOS): 6.5 as recommended in European Standard – EN13474

Serviceability limit state:

 Deflection ratio: W/250 for robustness
 Design life: 25 Years

CONCLUSION
We recommend that the glass panels with dimension as per specified in result summary section
are to be used for roof with anticipated wind pressure less than the allowable wind-down and
uplift pressure to ensure longevity of the glass panels. Glass panel is to be heat-treated or ‘fully
tempered’ in a tightly controlled process in accordance with relevant international standard or to
have equivalent/better strength parameters of that outlined in the material properties section.

This letter does not relieve any other party of their responsibility. We shall not be liable for any
damage caused from manufacturing error, accident, misuse, user/owner negligence, or
fabrication– including, but not limited to, damage from panel fixing and/or stormwater leakage.

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