SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT:- WASTE WATER ENGINEERING(3160513)

SUBMITED TO:- PROF. ANAND UPADHYAY

SUBMITED BY:- YASH S. PRAJAPATI(200420105503)

HITESH M. VANZARA(190420105069)
Flotation
INTRODUCTION :

• Flotation is known as a separation process, based on the introduction

of gas bubbles as the transport medium.

• Suspended particulate matter, being hydrophobic or conditioned to be

so, is then attach to the bubbles and moves toward the water solution
surface.
-i.e., contrary to the direction of gravity
• Flotation may be used in place of sedimentation, primarily for treating
industrial waste waters containing finely divided suspended solids and oily
matter.
• It is used in paper industry to recover fine fibers from the screened effluent
and in the oil industry for the clarification of oil-bearing waste.
• It is also used for treating effluents from tanneries, metal finishing, cold-
rolling and pharmaceutical industries.
• Particles of density very close to that of water are very difficult to settle in
normal sedimentation tanks and take a long time for separation.In such
cases, the separation can be speeded up by aerating the effluent whereby
air bubbles are attached to the suspended matter.
• To aid in the flotation process, chemical coagulants such as aluminum
and ferric salts or polymer coagulant-aids are often used.

• These chemicals increase the flocculent structure of the floated

particles so that they can easily entrap the air bubbles.

 Two methods of flotation are currently available:

1) Dissolved air flotation
2) Dispersed air flotation
1. Dissolved air flotation:
• The feed water to the DAF float tank is often dosed with a coagulant to
coagulate the colloidal particles into bigger clusters.
• The released air forms tiny bubbles which adhere to the suspended
matter causing the suspended matter to float to the surface of the water
where it can be removed.
• A portion of the clarified effluent water leaving the DAF tank is pumped
into a small pressure vessel called the air drum into which compressed
air is also introduced. This results in saturating the pressurized effluent
water with air.
• The air-saturated water stream is recycled to the front of the float tank
and flows through a pressure reduction valve just as it enters the front of
the float tank, which results in the air being released in the form of tiny
bubbles.
• The froth-free water exits the float tank as the clarified effluent from the
DAF unit. The suspended matter which float to the surface where it
forms a froth layer which is then removed by a skimmer.
2. Dispersed air flotation:

• In dispersed-air flotation, air is introduced directly into the liquid through

a revolving impeller or through diffusers.

• The air bubbles generated in dispersed air flotation systems are normally
about 1mm in diameter and they usually cause turbulence which breaks
up fragile floc particles.

• Dispersed air flotation is not a favored technique in the treatment of

municipal wastewater, although it finds a limited application in treating
industrial wastes containing oil, grease and fine powders.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=8dJOiEyLyfg
Thank you!