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

Organization & Management – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Profit and Loss
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Loida P. Olavario, Ph.D.
Felix M. Famaran

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rena D. Panaligan
Content Reviewers: Ariston G. Vasquez
Language Editor: Josie Joshua R. Pasion
Reviewers: Eric N. Quillip
Mark G. Javillonar
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Eric N. Quillip

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Schools Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Bgy. Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedpalawan.com
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


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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Business Mathematics – Grade 11 Modular Distance Learning

(MDL) Self-Learning Module on the Profit and Loss!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

from public institution to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs) in the “New Normal” situation while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Business Mathematics – Grade 11 Modular Distance Learning

(MDL) Self-Learning Module on the Profit and Loss!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

iii
 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you to
differentiate profit from loss and illustrate how profit is obtained and how to avoid
loss in a given transaction. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Differentiate profit from loss, illustrate how profit is obtained, and
how to avoid loss in a given transaction

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate profit from loss;

2. Solve for the profit given the cost and net sales; and
3. Illustrate how profit is obtained and how to avoid loss in a given transaction.

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 What I Know

Read and analyze each question. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following refers to the difference between what a merchant invests
into business and what he receives in return?
a. Profit c. Cost
b. Net Sales d. Loss

2. There are cases in which the net sales of goods is less than its cost, what do
you call such a difference?
a. Profit c. Cost
b. Net Sales d. Loss

For items 3 – 6: Honey bought two mobile phones at Php 15,490.00 each. She sold
one of the mobile phones to her friend at Php 13,500.00, while the other one was
sold to her neighbor at Php 16,200.00.

3. How much was the total cost price?

a. Php 15,490.00 c. Php 18,990.00
b. Php 30,980.00 d. Php 29,700.00

4. How much was the total selling price?

a. Php 30,980.00 c. Php 29,700.00
b. Php 18,990.00 d. Php 31,690.00

5. What did Honey get?

a. Profit c. Break Even
b. Loss d. Discount

6. How much is Honey’s loss?

a. Php 710.00 c. Php 1,280.00
b. Php 1,990.00 d. Php 2,700.00

7. Carl bought 18 pants at Php 350.00 each. He sold 12 of these pants at Php
450.00 each, and the remaining pants at Php 300.00 each. How much is the
profit?
a. Php 400.00 c. Php 1200.00
b. Php 900.00 d. Php 4,500.00

8. A mobile phone was sold at Php 4,800.00. Find the cost price of the mobile
phone if the profit is 20%?
a. Php 960.00 c. Php 3,840.00
b. Php 2400.00 d. Php 4780.00

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9. Annie bought a laptop for Php 28,000.00 and spent Php 2,500.00 on its spare
parts. She later sold it for Php 25,000.00. How much is Annie’s loss?
a. Php 26,500.00 c. Php 3,000.00
b. Php 22,500.00 d. Php 5,500.00

10. Which of the following statement shows a loss situation?

a. Joy bought a 16GB memory card at Php 600.00 and decided to sell it to her
sister for Php 650.00.
b. Ben bought a pen at Php 10.00 each and sold it for Php 12.00.
c. The cost of 10 pieces of face shields is Php 650.00. It was sold for Php 90.00
each.
d. Ana bought 50 pieces of facemasks at Php 20.00 each. She sold all of it to her
friend at Php 500.00.

11. Which of the following statement shows a profit situation?

a. Joy bought a 16GB memory card at Php 600.00 and decided to sell it to her
sister for Php 550.00
b. Ben bought a pen at Php 10.00 each and sold it for Php 12.00.
c. The cost of 10 pieces of face shields is Php 650.00. It was sold for Php 50.00
each.
d. Ana bought 50 pieces of facemasks at Php 20.00 each. She sold all of it to her
friend at Php 500.00.

For items 12 and 13: Linda bought 25 bottles of honey bee for Php 2,000.00. She
sold 10 bottles for a total of Php 1,000.00 and the rest at Php 125.00 for each
bottle.

12. How much profit did Linda gain or loss?

a. Php 1,250.00 c. Php 250.00
b. Php 875.00 d. Php 2,875.00

13. How much was Linda’s total net price?

a. Php 1,250.00 c. Php 250.00
b. Php 875.00 d. Php 2,875.00

For items 14 and 15: Lando bought an old motorcycle for Php 16,500.00 and
spent Php 1,800.00 for its needed repair. If he sells the motorcycle for Php
17,500.00

14. What is his percent loss?

a. 5% c. 3.2%
b. 4.4% d. 2.1%

15. How much did he loss?

a. Php 800.00 c. Php 1,200.00
b. Php 1,000.00 d. Php 1,400.00

3
 Differentiate profit from loss
Lesson
and illustrate how profit is
1 obtained and how to avoid
loss in a given transaction
Would you like to have your own business? What are the skills you need to make
your business grow? How would you know if your business is progressing well or
not? How would you know if your business obtained profit and avoid loss?

Many of the entrepreneurs have become rich and successful in their own business.
Do you want to be one of them? To become a successful entrepreneur, you must
develop the knowledge and skills needed in solving math problems related to
business, you must also know how to differentiate a profit from a loss, how to
compute profit and loss and illustrate how profit is obtained and how to avoid loss
in a given transaction.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned about trade discounts and discount series.
It is ordinary to see discounts on the price of goods so that the business owners
will increase their sales by encouraging customers to purchase a large quantity.
However most of the business owners do not know whether they obtain profit or
they lost because of the discount.

Notes to the Teacher

Begin the lesson by letting the students do Activity No 1. Allow
the students to answer the given worksheet which will explore
their prior knowledge in profit and loss.

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 What’s New

Before you start this module, take this simple activity to determine how much you
know about the topic.

Activity 1: Think about it!

Directions: Read and analyze the situation. Answer the following question. Write
your answer on a separate paper.

Situation: Marcus is a reseller of perfumes. He bought 10 boxes of perfumes. Each

box costs Php 13,000.00 and contains a dozen of perfume bottles. He decided to
sell one perfume bottle for Php 2,000.00.

1. What is the cost of 10 boxes of perfumes?

2. What is his expected profit on 10 boxes of perfumes?

What is It

The difference between what a merchant invests into business and what they
receive in return is called profit.

Profit = Net Sales – Cost

Net Sales is the amount of money received from selling goods.

Cost is the amount paid for the goods.

Sometimes there are cases in which the Net Sales of good is less than its costs;
such difference is called loss.

Loss = Cost – Net Sales

But how can we avoid loss and obtain profit in a given transaction?

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 What’s More

Activity 2: Loss or Gain?

Directions: Determine whether the statement shows profit or loss. Put a check to
its corresponding column.

Statement Profit Loss

1. Carlo bought a notebook at Php 15.00 and sold it for Php
18.00.
2. Ana bought a mobile phone for Php 5,000.00. When a new
and upgraded model was released after three months, she
sold her mobile phone for Php 3,500.00 to buy a new one.
3. A banana cue vendor gains Php 100.00 for selling it at Php
10.00 per stick.
4. The cost of 10 pieces of the personalized calendar is Php
850.00. It was sold for Php 150.00 each.
5. Alvin bought a 16GB memory card at Php 600.00 and
decided to sell it to his sister for Php 650.00.
6. Carla bought a pair of socks for Php 200 and she decided
to sell it to her classmate for Php 180.00.
7. The cost of 100 pieces of perfume is Php 120,000.00. It
was sold at Php 1,300.00 each.
8. Rico wants to gain Php 800.00 for the number of bags he
sells. He has 100 bags and sells it at P11.50 for each bag.
9. Juan bought a laptop for Php 25,000.00 and he sold it for
Php 23,500.00.
10. Ben bought a motorcycle for Php 50,000.00. After a year,
he sold it at 15% less from the price when he bought it.

6
Activity 3: Flip Number!
Directions: Solve the following problems, and then arrange the flip words that
represent the correct answer found on the right.

1. Karen bought a laptop for Php 28,000.00 and spent Php

2,500.00 on its spares. She later sold it for Php
25,000.00. How much is Karen’s loss?

2. Lalaine sold a watch to her friend at a loss of 10%. If her

friend paid Php 810.00 for it, what is the original price
of the watch?

3. Noel bought two cameras at Php 14,860.00 each. He

sold one camera to his cousin at Php 13,000.00, while
the other one was sold to his friend at Php 15,680.00.
How much was Noel’s profit or loss?

4. Maine went to Bicol and bought 25 packs of pili nuts for

Php 875.00 with 10% discount. When she got back to
Manila, she sold 15 packs for Php 675.00, and the rest
at Php 40.00 each. How much did Maine gain?

5. Marvin bought 18 powerbanks at Php 350.00 each. He

sold 12 of them at P450 each, and the remaining
powerbanks at Php 300.00 each. What percent did he
gain?

Activity 4: Solve it
Directions: Solve the following problems. Show your complete solution.
1. Sharon bought one dozen of mobile phones for Php 300,000.00 with a discount
of 5%. She sold half dozen at Php 20,000.00 per unit. When a new and
upgraded model became available in the market, she decided to sell the
remaining half dozen at Php 15,000.00 for each unit. How much profit or loss
did she gain?

2. A shoe store owner decided to offer a 25% discount for a particular brand of
shoe that is being sold at Php 9,500.00. By doing so, her average sales
increased from 8 to 25 pairs of shoes a day. If she bought one pair of shoes at a
price of Php 6,000.00 from the supplier, by how much was the daily profit
increased or decreased by offering such a discount on the shoes?

7
 What I Have Learned

At this point, let us see how much you have gained from the discussions and
activities you have undergone.

Activity 5: Exit Slip

Directions: Complete the sentence on the Exit Slip (Fisher and Frey, 2004).

EXIT SLIP

1. Today, I learned _____________________________________________

2. I didn’t understand in ________________________________________

3. I enjoyed doing in____________________________________________

4. I would like to learn more about______________________________

5. Please explain more about ____________________________________

6. The thing that surprised me the most today was_______________

8
 What I Can Do

This activity will help you transfer into real-life situations the knowledge and skills
you have gained or learned from this module.
Activity 6: Interview!

Directions: Select one business owner in your locality. Ask them how they earned a
profit and how they avoid losses using the template below:

How do you earn a profit in your How do you avoid a loss?

business?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

Rubrics in Rating Activity 6: Interview!

Case Score
6 4 2
How to Listed at least four Listed at least Listed at least one (or
obtain a of the statement. three or two of none) of the statement.
profit? the statement.
How to avoid Listed at least four Listed at least Listed at least one (or
loss? of the statement. three or two of none) of the statement.
the statement.

9
 Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each question. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following refers to the difference between what a merchant invests
into business and what he receives in return?
a. Loss c. Cost
b. Net Sales d. Profit

2. There are cases in which the net sales of goods are less than its cost, what do
you call such a difference?
a. Profit c. Cost
b. Loss d. Net sales

For items 3 – 6: Tina bought two mobile phones at Php 15,490.00 each. She sold
one of the mobile phones to her friend at Php 13,500.00, while the other one was
sold to her neighbor at Php16, 200.00.

3. How much was the total cost price?

a. Php 15,490.00 c. Php 18,990.00
b. Php 29,700.00 d. Php 30,980.00

4. How much was the total selling price?

a. Php 29,700.00 c. Php 30,980.00
b. Php 18,990.00 d. Php 31,690.00

5. What did Tina get?

a. Profit c. Break Even
b. Discount d. Loss

6. How much is Tina’s loss?

a. Php 710.00 c. Php 1,000.00
b. Php 1,990.00 d. Php 1,280.00

7. Kim bought 18 T-shirts at Php 350.00 each. He sold 12 of them at Php 450.00
each, and the remaining T-shirts at Php 300.00 each. How much is the profit?
a. Php 900.00 c. Php 1200.00
b. Php 400.00 d. Php 4,500

8. A mobile phone was sold at Php 4,800.00. Find the cost price of the mobile
phone if the profit is 20%?
a. Php 960.00 c. Php 2,600
b. Php 2400.00 d. Php 3,840

10
9. Ralph bought a laptop for Php 28,000.00 and spent Php 2,500.00 on its spare.
He later sold it for Php 25,000.00. How much is Ralph’s loss?
a. Php 26,500.00 c. Php 3,000.00
b. Php 5,500.00 d. Php 25,500.00

10. Which of the following statement shows a loss situation?

a. Joy bought a 16GB memory card at Php 600.00 and decided to sell it to her
sister for Php 650.00.
b. Glory bought 50 pieces of facemasks at Php 20.00 each. She sold all of it to
her friend at Php 500.00.
c. Ton bought a pen at Php 10.00 each and sold it for Php 12.00.
d. The cost of 10 pieces of face shields is Php 650.00. It was sold for Php 90.00
each.

11. Which of the following statement shows a profit situation?

a. Joy bought a 16GB memory card at Php 600.00 and decided to sell it to her
sister for Php 550.00
b. The cost of 10 pieces of face shields is Php 650.00. It was sold for Php 50.00
each.
c. Glory bought 50 pieces facemasks at Php 20.00 each. She sold all of it to her
friend at Php 500.00.
d. Ton bought a pen at Php 10.00 each and sold it for Php 12.00.

For items 12 and 13: Linda bought 25 bottles of honey bee for Php 2,000.00. She
sold 10 bottles for a total of Php 1,000.00, and the rest at Php 125.00 for each
bottle.

12. How much profit did Linda gain?

a. Php 875.00 c. Php 250.00
b. Php 1,875.00 d. Php 2,875.00

13. How much was Linda’s total net price?

a. Php 1,250.00 c. Php 250.00
b. Php 875.00 d. Php 2,875.00

For items 14 and 15: Efren buys an old motorcycle for Php 16,500.00 and spends
Php 1,800.00 on its repair. If he sells the motorcycle for Php 17,500.00,

14. What is his percent loss?

a. 5% c. 4.4%
b. 4% d. 2.1%

15. How much did he loss?

a. Php 600.00 c. Php 1,200.00
b. Php 8,000.00 d. Php 1,400.00

11
 Additional Activities

Let us reinforce the skills/knowledge that you have gained from this lesson by
doing the next activity.
Activity 7: I’m a business owner!
Directions: If you were the owner of the business, how would you obtain profit and
how would you avoid loss using this template:

What will you do to obtain

a profit in your business?

What will you do with your

profits?

What will you do to avoid a

loss in your business?

In case you’ve lost in your

business, what will you do
to recover from the loss?

Rubrics in Rating Activity 7: I’m a Business Owner

Score
Case Facts 6 4 2
List at least four List at least three With incorrect
What will you do
statements to statements to response or no
to obtain a profit obtain a profit. response at all
obtain a profit.
in your business?
List at least four List at least three With incorrect
What do you do
statements to do statements to do response or no
with your profits? with the profit. response at all
with the profit.
List at least four List at least four With incorrect
What will you do
statements to avoid statements to avoid response or no
to avoid a loss in a loss. response at all
a loss.
your business?

List at least four List at least three With incorrect

In case you’ve lost
statements to statements to response or no
in your business, recover from a loss. response at all
recover from a loss.
what will you do to
recover from the
loss?

12
 13
Activity 1
1. Each box costs 13,000 and Marcus bought 10 boxes
Cost = 13,000(10) = 130,000
What I Know 2. Marcus can expect that the net sales he will get upon
1. A 11.B selling 10 boxes which is consisting of 120 bottles is:
2. D 12. B 120 bottles at price of 2,000
3. B 13. D Net sales = 2,000(120) = 240,000
4. C 14. B Profit = Net sales – Cost
5. B 15. A = 240, 000 – 130, 000
6. C = 110, 000
7. B
8. C Activity 3 Activity 2
9. D 1. 5,500 1. P 6. L
10. D 2. 900 2. L 7. P
3. 1,040 3. P 8. P
4. 287.50 4. P 9. L
5. 14% 5. P 10. L
Activity 4 Activity 5 Activity 6
1. Cost of dozens on mobile phones Students’ answers
Students’
= 300, 000 – 0.05(300,000) = 285,000
answers might vary. Scoring
6 pieces of mobile phones at a price of 20,000
might vary. will be based on the
each
Rubrics
= 20,000(6) = 120,000
6 remaining mobile phones at a price of
15,000 each
= 15,000(6) = 90,000
Total Net Sales = 120,000 + 90,000 = 210,000
Loss = Cost – Net Sales Assessment
Activity 7
= 285,00 – 210, 000 = 75,000 1. D 9. B
Sharon’s loss of 75,000. Students’ 2. B 10. B
2. Compute for daily profit before and after the answers 3. D 11. D
discount was offered without the discount. 4. A 12. A
might vary.
Profit per pair of shoes = 9,500 – 6,000 = 5. D 13. D
3,500
Scoring will
6. D 14. C
Profit for selling 8 pair of shoes = 3,500(8) = be based on
7. A 15. B
28,000 the Rubric 8. D
With 25% discount
New selling price = 9,500 – 0.25(9,500) =
7,125
Profit per pair of shoes =7,125 – 6,000 = 1,125
Profit for 15 pair of shoes = 1,125(25) =28,125
Increase in daily profit = 28,125 – 28,000 =
125
A daily profit increase of 125
Answer Key
References
Lopez, Brian Roy C. et al. Business Math Textbook. Department of Education, 2016
Abao, Zenon R. Business Mathematics. Pasay City: JFS PUBLISHING SERVICES,
2017
https://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/exit_slips
https://www.math-salamanders.com

14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor Deped Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-6392

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone no. (048) 434-0099