PHYSICS FORMULA SHEET

Equation of motion for horizontal motion

1. S=vt
𝑉𝑖+𝑉𝑓
2. 𝑆 = ( )𝑡
2
3. Vf=Vi+at
1
4. S=Vit+2at2
5. 2aS=Vf2- Vi2
Equation of motion for vertical motion
6. Vf=Vi±gt
1 For Drop:- Vi=0m/s & g=+ve
7. H=Vit± 2gt2
For Throw:- Vf=0m/s & g=-ve
8. ±2gH=Vf2- Vi2

Tension in a string
𝑚 −𝑚 2𝑚1 𝑚2
9. For Case #1 (m1>m2) 𝑎 = 𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑔 𝑇 = 𝑚 𝑔
1 2 1 +𝑚2
𝑚1 𝑚1 𝑚2
10. For Case #2 (m1<m2) 𝑎=𝑚 𝑔 𝑇= 𝑔
1 +𝑚2 𝑚1 +𝑚2
Momentum/Collision
11. 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣 = 𝐹𝑡 = √2. 𝑚. 𝐾. 𝐸 = 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒
12. 𝑚1𝑢1 + 𝑚2𝑢2 + ⋯ … . = 𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2 + ⋯ …
𝑚 −𝑚 2𝑚2
13. 𝑉1 = (𝑚1 +𝑚2 ) 𝑈1 +(𝑚 ) 𝑈2
1 2 1 +𝑚2
𝑚 −𝑚 2𝑚1
14. 𝑉2 = (𝑚2 +𝑚1 ) 𝑈2 +(𝑚 ) 𝑈1
1 2 1 +𝑚2

Projectile motion

15. 𝑋 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑥 𝑡
1
16. 𝑌 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑦 𝑡 ± 2 𝑔𝑡 2
17. ±2𝑔𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦 2 − 𝑉𝑜 𝑦 2
18. 𝑉𝑦 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑦 ± 𝑔𝑡
𝑉𝑜 sin 𝜃
19. 𝑇 ′ = [Time to reach maximum height]
𝑔
2𝑉𝑜 sin 𝜃
20. 𝑇 = 2𝑇 ′ = [Total time of flight]
𝑔
2 sin2 𝜃
𝑉𝑜
21. 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑔
2 sin 2𝜃
𝑉𝑜
22. 𝑅 = 𝑔
𝑉𝑜 2
23. 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [At 45°]
𝑔

Circular/Angular motion

24. 𝑆 = 𝑟 𝜃
25. 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 Units of Angular Displacement and their conversion:
26. 𝑎 = 𝑟𝛼 1𝑟𝑒𝑣 = 1𝑟𝑜𝑡 = 1𝑣𝑖𝑏 = 1𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 360° = 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
∆𝜃 2𝜋
27. 𝜔 = = = 2𝜋𝑓
∆𝑡 𝑇
∆𝜔
28. 𝛼 = ∆𝑡
FROM THE DESK OF ENGR. HASSAN KHAN
 Work, Power & Energy
29. 𝑊 = ∑𝑖𝑛=1 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑖
30. 𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝐸 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
1 𝑃2
31. 𝐾𝐸 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 = 2𝑚
32. 𝑃𝐸𝐺 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝐺𝑀𝑚
33. 𝑃𝐸𝐴𝑏𝑠 = 𝑈 = − 𝑟
𝑊 ∑𝑖𝑛=1 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑖 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑚𝑔ℎ
34. 𝑃 = = = ∑𝑖𝑛=1 𝐹𝑖 𝑣𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑖 = =
𝑡 𝑡 2𝑡 𝑡
Escape velocity
𝐺𝑀
35. 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑐 = √ = √𝑔𝑅
𝑅

Spring-mass system
36. 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥
𝑘 𝑘
37. 𝑎 = − 𝑥; 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − 𝑥 [at extreme position]
𝑚 𝑚 𝑜
𝑘 𝑘
38. 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 cos [(𝑚) 𝑡] = 𝑥𝑜 sin [(𝑚) 𝑡 + 𝜑]
𝑘 𝑘
39. 𝑣 = √(𝑚) (𝑥𝑜 2 − 𝑥 2 ); 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 √𝑚 [at mean position]
𝑚
40. 𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 𝑘

1 𝑘
41. 𝑓 = 2𝜋 √𝑚
Projection of a particle
42. 𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑥; 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −𝜔2 𝑥𝑜 [at extreme position]
43. 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 cos[𝜔𝑡] = 𝑥𝑜 sin[𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑]
44. 𝑣 = 𝜔√(𝑥𝑜 2 − 𝑥 2 ); 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 𝜔 [at mean position]
2𝜋
45. 𝑇 = 𝜔
𝜔
46. 𝑓 = 2𝜋
Simple Pendulum
47. 𝐹 = −𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑔 𝑔
48. 𝑎 = − 𝑙 𝑥; 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − 𝑙 𝑥𝑜 [at extreme position]
𝑔 𝑔
49. 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 cos [( 𝑙 ) 𝑡] = 𝑥𝑜 sin [( 𝑙 ) 𝑡 + 𝜑]
𝑔 𝑔
50. 𝑣 = √( 𝑙 ) (𝑥𝑜 2 − 𝑥 2 ); 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 √ 𝑙 [at mean position]
𝑙
51. 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔

1 𝑔
52. 𝑓 = 2𝜋 √ 𝑙
Energy of Oscillations
1
53. 𝑃𝐸 = 2 𝑘𝑥 2
1
54. 𝐾𝐸 = 2 𝑘(𝑥𝑜 2 − 𝑥 2 )
1
55. 𝐸 = 2 𝑘𝑥𝑜 2

FROM THE DESK OF ENGR. HASSAN KHAN

 Waves
56. 𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
57. 𝑃𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑚𝜆
1
58. 𝑃𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷𝐼 = (𝑚 + 2)𝜆
Stationary Waves in String/Open pipe
2𝐿
59. 𝜆𝑛 = 𝑛
𝑣 𝑛𝑣
60. 𝑓𝑛 = 𝜆 = = 𝑛𝑓1
𝑛 2𝐿
Stationary Waves in Closed-end pipe
4𝐿
61. 𝜆𝑛 = 2𝑛−1
𝑣 (2𝑛−1)𝑣
62. 𝑓𝑛 = 𝜆 = = (2𝑛 − 1)𝑓1
𝑛 4𝐿
Sound
𝛾𝑃 𝛾𝑅𝑇 𝑇
63. 𝑣 = √ 𝜌 = √ = 332√273 Velocity of sound
𝑀
𝑃 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 =332m/s=1200Km/hr
64. 𝐼 = 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎×𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
65. 𝐿 = 𝑘 log 𝐼
𝐼
66. 𝐼𝐿 = 𝛽 = 𝑘 log(𝐼 )
𝑜
𝐼
67. 𝐿 = 𝑘(𝐼 )0.4
𝑜
68. 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓𝐵 = ±(𝑓1 − 𝑓2 )
Doppler’s Effect
Source is stationary
69. 𝑓 ′ = (
𝑣+𝑣𝑜
) 𝑓; Listener towards 𝑓′= Apparent frequency
𝑣 𝑓= Real frequency
𝑣−𝑣𝑜
70. 𝑓 ′ = ( ) 𝑓; Listener away 𝑣 = velocity of sound
𝑣
𝑣𝑠 = velocity of source
Listner is stationary 𝑣𝑜 = velocity of listener
𝑣
71. 𝑓 ′ = (𝑣−𝑣 ) 𝑓; Source towards
𝑠
′ 𝑣
72. 𝑓 = (𝑣+𝑣 ) 𝑓; Source away
𝑠
Both are moving towards
𝑣+𝑣
73. 𝑓 ′ = ( 𝑣−𝑣𝑜 ) 𝑓
𝑠
Both are moving away
𝑣−𝑣
74. 𝑓 ′ = ( 𝑣+𝑣𝑜 ) 𝑓
𝑠

FROM THE DESK OF ENGR. HASSAN KHAN