UNIVERSITY OF KABIANGA

NAME: THABITA MARY EKAJULO

ADM: BTM/M/0022/2020

PROGRAM: BACHELOR IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

COURSE TITLE: AIRPORT OPERATION

COURSE CODE:

TASK: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT AT NATIONAL MUSEUM OF KENYA-

KISUMU

ATTACHMENT PERIOD: 25TH APRIL, 2022 TO 22ND JULY, 2022

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare this report is genuine and nobody assisted me in preparing it.

NAME: THABITA MARY EKAJULO

ADM: BTM/M/0022/2020

SIGN:.........................DATE...........................

LIST OF ABRIVIATION

NMK- National Museum of Kenya

E.A - East Africa

KWS- Kenya Wildlife Service

KMS- Kenya Museum Society

DEFINATION OF TERMS

MUSEUM- Is a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic or cultural interest are stored
and exhibited

AQUARIUM- Is a transparent tank of water in which live fish and other water creatures and plants are
kept.

GALLARY- Is a room or a building for display of work of arts.

LIVE EXHIBIT-Is a live show

HOMESTEAD- Is a large hedge enclosed compound.

SNAKE PARK- Is a small zoo featuring a wide range of Snakes, crocodile and tortoises in a glass and
open air enclosures.

MURAL- Other works of art executed directly on wall

 DEDICATION

I hereby dedicate museum of Kisumu for enhancing me learn and gain much skills in conducting myself
in relation to other people in the field

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In a special way I would like thank God for the smooth run of my attachment for protecting me always.

I also appreciate for the mindful act of the National Museum of Kenya-Kisumu for accepting my
attachment request.

I send gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Geoffrey Maranga for the needful field work training he has done to
me.

It is pleasure also for my parents for providing me with basic needs throughout the attachment period.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KISUMU MUSEUM

Kisumu Museum in Kisumu town along Kisumu-Nairobi highway.

It was established in the year 1980 and started operating in 1982.

The Museum offers the room for attraction for different clients who come for different purpose like
education, research etc.

Kisumu Museum offers service for clients who are residents and also non-residents of Kenya.

ATTRACTION IN KISUMU MUSEUM

1. Exhibition gallary
2. Aquarium
3. Traditional Luo Homestead
4. Tortoises pen
5. Crocodile pen
6. Snake pit
7. Snake park

VISSION

To be global leader in heritage research management.

MISSION

To protect conservation and sustainable utilization of National heritage through generation,

documentation management knowledge information and innovation.

CORE VALUEE

The organization core values help to guide the action at all levels when choices are not clear in an
organization as where there is a group between intention and reality.

The guiding core values that the National Museums of Kenya, its stakeholders and partners hold in
common to put into practice while performing their functional obligation is as follows:

1. Transparency accountability and cost effectiveness NMK is committed to effective and efficient
utilization of its resources in the most transparent, accountable and cost effective manner.
2. Respect for staff and client diversity. NMK recognizes the fact that the client and staff are very
critical resources in achieving of its set objectives and therefore emphasizes mutual respect for
individual and ensures equitable recognition of their recognition of their contribution.
3. Effective knowledge and information management. NMK is committed to nurturing a strong
culture in the generation by sharing heritage knowledge and information within and outside the
organization.
4. Impact performance service orientation. NMK will remain focused on integrated service delivery
by ensuring that all research and management activities undertaken meet and exceed the
stakeholder expectation.
STRUCTURE OF KISUMU NATIONAL MUSEUM

Keeper Western Region

Curator

Education Administration Exhibits Accounts

Office

Ticket clerk

Procurement
Human resource
Marketing Accounts assistant

Live exhibit Aquarium Homestead Gallary

Tortoise pen crocodile pen snake park snake pit

 CHAPTER 2

DETAILS OF PLACEMENT IN VARIOUS SECTIONS

GALLARY

There are different exhibition on cultural heritage inside the gallary.

Processes where items in the gallary are preserved include the following

 taxidermy this is where animal body is preserved via mounting or stuffing for the purpose of
display or study

 Casting- where objects are made by pouring molten metal or other material into a mold.

 Mounting- where honey is applied on the back of animal to preserve them.

In the gallary, there are different kinds of primates as follows:

1. Potto
2. Galago
3. Vervet Monkey
4. De Brazza's monkey
5. Blue monkey
6. Syke's Monkey
7. Guenon

Today researchers use some of these primates in determining remedies to human on human being.

Mammals

There are higher mammals which feed on insect and plants and are all found in East Africa.

They are categorized into three groups namely:

i. Egg-laying
ii. Pouched
iii. Higher mammals

These mammals in the case include the following:

 Leopard
 Steinbok
 Rock Hyrax
 Black-tipped Mongoose
 Genet
 Hedgehog
  Bush Squirrel

Birds

There are about 8,600 species of birds with about 30,000-35,000 subspecies distributed over all continents
and oceans. There are some samples species of birds in EA that are stocker in the gallary. Below are some
examples of bird species in the gallary:

 African green pigeon

 Diederik cuckoon
 African grey hornbill
 Bronze mannikin
 Harlequin quail

Amphibians and reptiles

Unlike most reptiles, AMPHIBIANS live on land and in water.

Reptiles are lung breathing vertebrates. Some of the reptiles and amphibians include the following:

 Helmeted Terrapin
 Ridged Frog
 Western bull frog
 Gold's Cobra
 Green bush-viper

Fish and crustaceans from the sea

Fossil recorded indicates that fishes appear on Earth for 50million years and crustaceans appeared early in
the art history. Both originated from the sea bat some have invaded fresh waters and others are now
terrestrial.

The sample include the following

1) Soldier fish
2) Wrass
3) Warass
4) Coral fish
5) Goat fish
6) Lion solder fish
7) Crib
8) Edible lobster

Insects

Insects helps especially students muster the characteristics of insects and also as a source of aesthetic
value.
Some of insects include: Butterflies, Moths, Mantids, Dragonflies, Beetles, Antlions, Ants, Bees and
Wasps, Plant Bugs and Flies

Traditional medicine

Today, hospitals are present for sick patients. During 19C every mother had a knowledge of curative
herbs, also the field for traditional medicine were nearly associated with gods medicine men acquired
skills from parents and were supposed to be chosen by god. Traditional way of how diseases were cured
is displayed in the show case.

Recreation

Recreation is part of life the society. All age groups have some form of recreation. People take part in
recreational activities for pleasure and to relax the mind and body especially after work.

Traditionally, old men gathered together for drink and discuss the affairs of the community.

A few individuals engaged in bang smoking. The play of mbao game was popular among men of all age
group. The game provided a mental exercise to the players.

Women largely used tobacco which was sniffed or smoked.

Musical instruments

Music played a very important role in the lives of people of Western Kenya .they played music for
entertainment, in worship as a sign of respect for honored guest and as expression of deep inner feelings

Music was in most cases accompanied by dancing. Musical instrument include bowl harp, music bow,
lyre, single skin drum, double skin drum, music bow, transverse flute, side blow trumpet.

Weapons

Nearly every community in Western Kenya made and used weapons for defense and for hunting wild
animals some of which they used for food these weapons were in 3 categories

1. Short range weapons which included: sticks, clubs, finger knives, wrist-knives and swords

2. Medium distance weapons such as Spears and stones thrown by hand.

3. Long range weapons which included bow and arrows and slings for hurling missiles.

Metal work

The western Kenya people possessed the knowledge of metal working in the case of iron the metal was
smelted from sold iron ores.eg iron sand available in many places in Western Kenya. The ore was smelted
in small furnace made of fire clay while charcoal were used as fuel. The smelted metal was made into a
final metal product by Smith's and blows were made of wood or clay and tuyers which served as valves
always made of clay.

Pottery
Pottery shows the traditional industry in Western Kenya where knowledge was transferred from
generation to generation both men and women were involved in pot making

Pottery items were used for various purpose like cooking, serving, storage and fetching water

The pottery industry has also significantly contributed to the development of local communities in
Western Kenya

Baskets

Traditionally locally available natural materials were used to create baskets this materials include banana
fibers, sisal, grass, reeds and palm. More recently modern plastics and recycled materials have become
popular.

Toys

Children have made used of toys over a time

By using toys creativity of children is enhanced

Traditionally children made toys from local materials such as banana fibers, clay and wood. Today many
toys and models are made of recycled plastics, Paper fabric and metals this include; baby toy fish mobile
model motorbike

Clothing and personal adornment

Clothing developed in response to climate, environment and activities of people .Animal skin and hide
provide protection against cold weather

Prepared skins are shaped into the desired garments cloaks, aprons, belt, skirts and plastics or metal beads
were used for decoration.

Food

Traditionally meals were cooked over an open fire in a clay pots balanced on a hearth made of 3
stones ,women and girls were occupied in the preparation of meals, food was eaten from clay wood or
basketry containers using spoons or cups made of shells,horn,gourd and wood.

Harvesting

Harvesting was carried out twice a year for the long rain and short rain crops.Grains such as finger millet
and sorghum were harvested by use of harvesting knives and then dried on flat rocks or bare soil. The
purified grains was stored in basketry granaries, some of which were as large as small huts, seeds for the
next planting season was stored separately in special baskets.

Agriculture

Traditionally agriculture was the domain of the Bantu, they depended on it and settled in places suitable
for agriculture. With the passing time, changes took place in the social and economic systems of Western
Kenya which resulted in the Luo and Kalenjin increasing their dependency in agriculture. Bush clearance
and digging were usually the work of men while women planted, weeded and harvested the crops.

Livestock

The rearing and tending of livestock remain an important activity for all communities of Western Region.
The Kalenjin’s and Luo rely on agriculture and animal products for their livelihood. Formerly both
groups bleed cattle and mixed the animal's blood with milk as a source of protein.Bantu people also
practiced mixed farming and reared small herds of goat’s fat -tailed sheep and cattle, as well as poultry.

Hunting and trapping.

In the gallary, there are some sample tools that were used by the people of Western Kenya to hunt and
trapping wild animals and fruits.

Locust, Grasshoppers and Termites were collected and used as seasonal delicacies, while many different
wild mammals were hunted and trapped using Spears, harpoons or traps. In contrast, Pastoralists as a
general rule took little interest in hunting.

Fishing

Today sophisticated fishing instruments are being used for fishing which lead to large catch of fish
learning different species of fish depleted. Before the turn of 20C, fishermen mainly used fishing Spears,
fishing lines and basketry fishing traps.

Fishing was largely the domain of the Luo but Bantus living along the shores of Lake Victoria and near
rivers also practiced fishing, whereas a few Pastoralists were at times compelled to become fishermen
through loss of their cattle.

Traditional occupations

The presence of three casted women represents; the Luo’s whose major activity was fishing, the Bantus
who were farmers and the Kalenjin’s from the South Rift who had a special knowledge in livestock
keeping.

Ecosystems

At the center, there is an illustration of the wildebeest migration from Serengeti National park in Tanzania
to Maasai Mara game reserve for the green pasture. They had to cross the flowing Mara River which is
inhabited with Crocodiles and Nile Lizards. This migration provided Crocodile with an easy prey they
catch and feed on the Wildebeest as they cross the river. As they reach the land they face the hungry lions
who attack them the carcasses are being cleared by vultures.

Fresh water aquarium.

Fish in aquarium are from Lake Victoria and from the surrounding wetlands like rivers. Since Lake
Victoria is slowly dying different fish species have become endangered because of different reasons like
pollution, poor fishing methods, water hyacinth, and oil spillage.etc.
The fish are kept in a transparent tank with, water, gravel, rock, aeration process and plants. Gravel in the
tank help in cooling and filtering the water, plants helps in familiarizing the fish, aeration is done to
provide oxygen to the fish and rocks provide breeding place and hiding place for fish.

Fish species in aquarium are as follows;

a. Mosquito fish

Mainly distributed in major affluent rivers of Lake Victoria

Feeds on mosquito larvae and blue green algae

b) lake Victoria squeaker

Distributed in bottom dwelling species in the Lake Victoria

c) Butter fish

Breeds during rainy season

Distributed in Lake Victoria

Feeds on small fish and insect larvae

d) Red sport Barb,kersten's Barb

Occasionally distributed in Lake Victoria

Feeds on insect and worms

e) Victoria mouth brooder

Many species of this group are currently extinct

Distributed in Lake Victoria and Affluent Rivers

Feeds on insects and other small fishes like omena

f) Sported lung fish

Found in Lake Victoria and major rivers

They are omnivorous

Distributed in inshore areas of lake Victoria and affluent areas

g) Sword tail

Barely exceed 6 inches

Found an stream and in mucky waters

Feed on mosquito larvae mostly

h) Victoria tilapia

Distributed in Lake Victoria and its rivers

Grow up to 2kgs

Feeds on blue green algae and insects

i) Victoria mouth brooder

Grows up to 10cm

Feeds on insects and small fishes

Distributed in Lake Victoria and Affluent Rivers

j) Dwarf Victoria mouthbooders

They are endemic to the catchment areas

Found in marginal where region and swampy areas

They are herbivores

k) Victoria labeo

Breeds in rocky areas and upstream

Feeds on blue green algae

Grows upto 40cm

Distributed in Lake Victoria and its rivers

l) Victoria stone basher

Feeds on invertebrates and worms

Distributed in affluent rivers

Breeds during rainy season

m) Smooth headed cat fish

They are omnivores

Distributed in swampy areas

N) Nile Tilapia
Distributed in Lake Victoria and its rivers

They are mouth brooders

Their average weight is 2kgs

Feeds on plants, insects and blue green algae

o) Blue spotted Tilapia

It's an introduced species

Distributed in Lake Victoria and its affluent

p) Redbreast Tilapia

It is an introduced species

Feeds on plants and blue green algae Distributed in Lake Victoria and it's affluent

Q) Marbled lungfish

Feeds on small fishes and mollusk

Mainly distributed in marginal inshore region and swampy areas some affluent rivers with emergent
vegetation

FISH DISEASES

 Viral disease-it is caused by a virus Which result to sudden death of fish

 Fungal disease-cotton like patches on the surface body of fish

 Bacterial disease-affect mainly fish fin

Different fish are given different food in the aquarium this include: earthworm, commercial made food,
other small fish

CLEANING OF AQUARIUM

Two ways of cleaning aquarium include:

1. partial cleaning-which is done between 5-7 days where water is changed partially

2. Complete overhaul cleaning-it is done between 2-3weeks

FISHING BETWEEN 19TH C AND TODAY

*During 19thC fish were caught in small numbers since people hade inadequate skills of coming up with
sophisticated fishing equipment’s unlike today where have much skills coming up with advanced fishing
equipment’s which catch many fish.
*I can say fishing in 19c is calm since their fishing instruments did not threatened the fish unlike today
where sophisticated instruments have led to different fish became endangered.

*In 19c fish was preserved through salting, smoking and sun-drying today it has been improved to frying,
freezing

*Fishing during 19c was mainly in shallow waters but today it is done in both shallow and deep waters

*Fishing was mainly done in 19c consumption while today fishing is mostly done for commercial
purposes

*Today fishing industries have been established leading in creation of employment to many people while
during 19c no industry

LUO HOMESTEAD. (BER GI DALA)

Ber gi dala is a Luo word from meaning its good to have a home

Luo originated from Susan now settled around the Lake Victoria in Kenya Tanzania and other groups
are found in Uganda Congo, Ethiopia and Sudan

The Luo are polygamous

At the Luo homestead is a sample of mzee Odera home who has 3 wives. (Mikayi) means first a wife her
but was built with the door directly facing the main gate any visitor who arrived in the compound was to
be receiving at the first wife hut. All the girls were also supposed to sleep in first wife hut while the sons
we're to eat at mzee hut and slept at the first son hut which was next to the gate on the left of the entrance.
The second wife (nyachira) hut was to be constructed in the right of the first wife hut then the third wife
(Reru) hut was to be constructed on the left side of the first wife hut. Mzee odero had his own but called
(Abila) in luo his hut acted as a court where issues were solved next to Abila is (Kul) where livestock
were kept at night.(Rot) is the back gate meant for the neighbor firs ours and the members of the home.

REASONS WHY A MAN WAS TO MARRY MANY WIVES.

 When the first wife was barren

 When the first wife could not give birth to a son

 For population growth since they were few and there were being attacked by neighboring
community who wanted to take their land

 Ability of a man to be a leader.

Outside the homestead there are mural explaining the process followed by first son when going to build
his homestead. Once the 1st son has married and given birth to a son they were to leave the homestead and
build their own accompanied by the son’s father and uncles.

On their way they were not expected to meet with certain animals’ because they were sign of bad omen.
  Snakes-it is assign of bad omen when it crosses the way

 Owl-when the bird called it is believed that someone might die

 Wood pecker-a sound of woodpecker when you are on a journey meant that the journey would
not be successful.

 Hornbill-was regarded as bad omen to the community

While building the owner of the house was to work on front part of the house to avoid blame for bad
occurrences

PERSONS EXEMPTED FROM ESTABLISHING HOMESTEAD

a. A man without a son. He could not do so because at the time establishing a new home there were
customs to be carried out by the wife and son .he did not have a family of his own therefore he
was not allowed to establish his own home

b. A bachelor. A man without a family could not establish a home because at the time of
establishing a new home there were customers to be carried out by the wife and son. He did not a
family of his own therefore he was not eligible to establish his own home

c. A left handed person.in some parts of Luo land left handness was a bad omen and it was believed
that such person established his own homestead it would lead to the death of his siblings.it was a
belief that left handed people were easy prey for the enemy who easily succumb to charms and
witchcraft

d. In some parts for Luo land such as in sakwa, bondo, a man without a son is allowed to have his
own home on condition that on the day of establishing the home he carried all the significant
objects by himself.in other areas such as in ugenya such a person was not supposed to carry an
axe and cockerel when establishing his home yet in other areas of Luo land a cleansing ceremony
would be performed after which the man was free to establish his own home.

LIVE EXHIBIT

TORTOISE PEN

The tortoise pen is divided into two sections, a section for young tortoise and a section for adult tortoise

There are three species of tortoise in the tortoise pen

i. Leopard skinned tortoise

 Widespread in savanna and semi deserts

 Lay eggs

 Active by day

 Harmless
 ii. Marsh terrapin

 Lives in pool and streams

 Buries itself in mad in dry season

 Lay eggs

 harmless

 Eats insects and frogs

iii. Back hinged tortoise

 It is herbivorous

 Lays eggs

Since tortoise are herbivorous they are given cabbage and some green plants to feed on. I recognized
other species like marsh terrapin can also feed on meat

At the tortoise pen there is water pond which is significant to tortoise for drinking water and also it acts as
habitat for marsh terrapin. The pond is cleaned to create conducive environment for tortoise health

CROCODILE’S PEN

At the crocodile pen we have 2 adults, Nile crocodile and one juvenile crocodile. Since crocodile are
carnivores they are given meat for them to feed on.

Crocodile is one of the most attraction in Kisumu museum. Crocodile is important in the environment in
the following ways;

i. Source of food e.g. boneless crocodile meat

ii. Help to balance ecosystem

iii. Its skin is hard and can be used for making shoes

SNAKE PIT

At the open snake pit there are different species of snakes they are venomous but their fangs are curved
inwards example is the boom slang and the speckled snake, those snakes lack ability of climbing to higher
heights of the slippery walls

SNAKE PARK

At the snake park there are different species of snakes which consist of venomous and non-
venomous.example of non-venomous which are in the snake park are Kenyan sand and the African rock
python. The venomous one include; brown splitting cobra, black spitting cobra,rhinocerous horned
viper,gaboon viper, black mamba and puff adder
Snakes are carnivorous hence given rodents except the python which is given rabbits

a) Brown spitting cobra

There venom is neuro toxin and can accurately spit within a range of 3 metres.its attracted to human
habitation where rodents are present. They spray venom by contracting their jaw muscles and squeezing
the venom out of small holes in their fangs

b) Black spitting cobra

They are neurotoxic, the venom affects the nervous system especially the one controlling the heart. They
also spit accurately within a range of 3metres.they feed on rodents, frogs, small animals, birds and some
reptiles. If venom enters yours eye at very least temporary blindness occurs

c) Rhinoceros horned viper

It has horn like scales at the tip of its nose.it produces loudest hiss when encroached than any African
snake. Its venom is hemotoxic and they are powerful swimmers. Dorsal scales can inflict its on handlers
when it struggles

d) Gaboon viper

Found in the thick forest like kakamega.it is venomous and does not let go after bite. Feeds on roddents,
bats and birds. Have the longest fangs of all venomous snakes. Makes huge hiss. Completely still when
threatened

e) Puff adder

It’s venomous. Its defensive mechanism is it swells when it encounters attack as one of the way to scare
away the attacker. Their bite can cause permanent disability

f) Black mamba

Black mamba is the swiftest of all snakes especially when travelling through tangled scrub. Most
dangerous single bite kills man in an hour on average and someone allergic to stings can die 20 mins if
bitten by this snake.it can move at 20km/h.

Distributed in Kisumu, Kenyan coast, kerio valley and kitui district

g) African rock python

Grows upto 6 meters long.feeds on rodents among small mammals. Wide spread in kenya.it is largest
snake in Africa continent. Kills its prey by constriction.
 CHAPTER 3

ATTACHMENT EXPERINCE

ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN IN VARIOUS SECTIONS

1. EXHIBITION GALLARY

Stamping the tickets this enables to prevent re using of tickets and also confirming the ticket date
furthermore ensuring clients are with the right kind of ticket

Taking clients through the gallery. Cleaning the gallery. Ensuring rules and regulations are observed in
the gallery

2. AQUARIUM

At the aquarium there are different activities that are being performed, this include;

i. Cleaning

I leant how to clean the tank both the complete way and partial cleaning. I knew duration it takes for a
tank to be cleaned and if a particular tank need to be cleaned. I learnt how to make the fish feel like it is in
its usual environment when it is received from the lake

ii. Feeding of the fish

I knew different fish are given different fish food loke the smaller one like mosquito fish sword tail fish
etc. are given flecks and bigger ones like tilapia lungfish are fed by using roundworms and omena

3. VIVARIUM

This is the section that consist of tortoise pen crocodile pen snake pit and Snake Park. Activities includes;

-cleaning the snake house both inside and outside

-stamping the tickets and confirming the number of clients at the section

-guiding the client and clarifying them

4. EDUCATION

Education section is where inquiries and all booking are done. I learnt how booking of both the ground
hall and even museum is done. Booking can be done through calls, letter and booking in person’s counted
the groups of clients
Breakdown of ticket issue

AMOUNT

ADULT 100
CITIZEN
CHILDREN 50

ADULT 400
NON-RESIDENT WITHIN
CHILDREN 200
EAST AFRICA
ADULT 500

RESIDENTS OUTSIDE CHILDREN 250

EAST AFRICA

ANALYSIS OF LEARNT KNOWLEGDE AND APPLIED SKILLS

I leant the following skills,

I learnt to maintain cleanness because clean environment creates a conducive environment to visitors.it is
also satisfaction need for visitors. I learnt how to receive visitors and interacting with different clients
from different geographical areas. Stamping of tickets helps to avoid recycling. Cleaning of fish tank and
refilling with clean water to give the fish conducive environment. Feeding the fish daily to improve their
health. I knew if the fish is sick is identified by color patches at the tail. Guiding skills made me flexible.

SKILLS AND EXPERINCE GAINED

I gained courage through guiding different clients. I gained the skills of how the aquarium is to be
managed this push me coming day I will apply and willing at my home setting a tank for fish for beauty. I
know how to feed fish and identifying the unhealthy fish. The education section I knew how to attend to
different visitor to ensure their satisfaction are met. I knew to identify of reptiles which one is male and
which one is female

SUMMARY

Being attached in Kisumu has really translated what I learnt in class into practical exposure indeed. Its
needful for visitor satisfaction like ensuring conclusive environment for visitors, being hospitable to
visitors and meeting their other need e.g. clarifying for them and attending to them.thier is much gain in
tour guiding since it improved my confidence it taught me to be flexible and being creative and education
able enough in interacting with different clients.

CONCLUSION

The staff are friendly and knowledgeable enough in enabling me meet the goal this made me achieve my
objective through the enough time in consulting them and in interacting with clients. When the school are
closed population of visitors start to decline compared to when schools are opened.

RECOMMENDATION

Signage should be placed by the road side for easier identification of the museum. Two snakes cages lack
snake something should be done. Fencing the museum should be properly done. Lighting should be
corrected to rectify immediate power off