Topography Techniques.

- •
•
Total Stations
Optical level
• Geodetic Equipment
Topographical surveying is the process of • Aerial Photography
determining the relative position of natural and • Satellite Imagery
man-made
features on or below the surface of the earth.
-Total Stations:
• The total station is an angular and
distance measurement equipment using
an infrared diode or laser device.
• The total station is today, the topography
instrument for excellence, this is because
the way it measures is digital, being able
to perform calculations automatically
either by itself or by post-processing in
the computer. something that its
predecessor like the theodolite couldn’t
do.
-Optical Level:
• The optical level is a topographic measurement
equipment that is based on horizontal
measurements and is used for the transfer and
obtaining of geometric dimensions.
• It is a laser instrument that generates a
horizontal plane to measure the elevations of
the points by simple differences.
-Geodetic Equipment:
• They are made up of a receiver and an
antenna, which capture the signals
emitted by the satellites.
• This equipment translates the received
signal obtaining the position on the
earth's surface under various
mathematical parameters.
-Aerial Photography:
• Aerial photography can be captured
from a drone, plane or helicopter.
• Aerial imagery is one of the most
common forms of remote sensing, or
the measurement of features of a
place from a distance.
-Satellite Imagery:
• Satellite imagery are the product obtained
from a sensor installed on board an artificial
satellite, by capturing the electromagnetic
radiation emitted or reflected by a body,
which is subsequently transmitted to earth
stations for viewing, processing and
analysis.