Theories of Arch dams design

Part 2
Thick cylinder Theory

ri =internal radius (introdos)

re=external radius (extrodos)
Pe =upstream water pressure
Pi=downstream water pressure
T=thickness
radial stress and circumferential stress
See following equations: A
𝐴
𝜎𝑟 = 2 − 𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑟
𝐴
𝜎𝜃 = 𝑟 2 + 𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑠
r radius of cylinder , A,B are constants. Now for r=ri, P=Pi and
at r=re , P=Pe
 𝐴
𝑃𝑖 = − 𝐵 ……1
𝑟𝑖 2
𝐴
𝑃𝑒 = − 𝐵 ………2
𝑟𝑒 2

𝐴
𝑃𝑒 = −𝐵
𝑟𝑒 2
𝐴
𝑃𝑒 = +𝐵
𝑟𝑒 2
Solving equations 1 and 2 .

𝐴 𝐴 1 1 𝐴(𝑟𝑒 2 − 𝑟𝑖 2 )
𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑒 = 2 − 2 = 𝐴 ( 2 − 2 ) =
𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑒 (𝑟𝑖 2 ∗ 𝑟𝑒 2 )

(𝑃𝑖−𝑃𝑒) (𝑟𝑖 2 ∗𝑟𝑒 2 )

𝐴=
(𝑟𝑒 2 −𝑟𝑖 2 )

(𝑃𝑖−𝑃𝑒) (𝑟𝑖 2 ∗𝑟𝑒 2 )

𝑃𝑖 = − 𝐵 …… 3
𝑟𝑖 2 (𝑟𝑒 2 −𝑟𝑖 2 )

(𝑃𝑖−𝑃𝑒) (𝑟𝑖 2 ∗𝑟𝑒 2 )

𝐵= − 𝑃𝑖
𝑟𝑖 2 (𝑟𝑒 2 −𝑟𝑖 2 )

1
𝐵= 2 − (𝑟𝑒 2 𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑒 2 − 𝑟𝑒 2 𝑃𝑖 + 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑃𝑖)
(𝑟𝑒 −𝑟𝑖 2 )

(𝑷𝒊.𝒓𝒊 𝟐 −𝑷𝒆.𝒓𝒆 𝟐 )
𝑩= …...
(𝒓𝒆 𝟐 −𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )

For simplification suppose there is no tail water at d/s then Pi =0

And Pe =Ɣw*h or P then

(−𝑃) (𝑟𝑖 2 ∗ 𝑟𝑒 2 )
𝐴=
(𝑟𝑒 2 − 𝑟𝑖 2 )
 (−𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 𝟐 )
𝑩=
(𝒓𝒆 𝟐 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )

(−𝑷) (𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ∗ 𝒓𝒆 𝟐 ) (𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 𝟐 )

𝝈𝒓 = 𝟐
+ 𝟐
(𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ) 𝒓𝟐 (𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )

𝟐
(𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 ) 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
𝝈𝒓 = 𝟐
(𝟏 − )…..𝟑
(𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ) 𝒓𝟐

(−𝑷) (𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ∗𝒓𝒆 𝟐 ) (𝑷.𝒓𝒆 𝟐 )

𝝈𝜽 = 𝟐 − 𝟐
(𝒓𝒆 −𝒓𝒊 𝟐) 𝒓𝟐 (𝒓𝒆 −𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )

𝟐
(𝑷.𝒓𝒆 ) 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
𝝈𝜽 = 𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐
)……..4
(𝒓𝒆 −𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )

𝝈𝒆 = 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒓 = 𝒓𝒆

𝝈𝒊 = 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒓 = 𝒓𝒊
𝟐
(𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 ) 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
𝝈𝒆 = 𝟐
(𝟏 + 𝟐)
(𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ) (𝒓𝒆

𝟐
𝑷(𝒓𝒆 + 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )
𝝈𝒆 = 𝟐
(𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )
The same will done for 𝝈𝜭

𝟐
(𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 ) 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
𝝈𝒊 = 𝟐
(𝟏 + 𝟐)
(𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ) (𝒓𝒊

𝟐
(𝟐𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 )
𝝈𝒊 = 𝟐
(𝒓𝒆 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 )
re=ri+t
or ri=re-t

𝟐
(𝟐𝑷. 𝒓𝒆 )
𝝈𝒊 = 𝟐 𝟐
(𝒓𝒆 − (re − t) )

𝟐 𝟐𝟐
𝟐𝑷 (𝒓𝒆 − (re − t) ) (re − t)
= 𝟐
=𝟏− 𝟐
𝝈𝒊 (𝒓 ) (𝒓 )
𝒆 𝒆

(re−t)𝟐 𝟐𝑷
𝟏− - =𝟎
(𝒓𝒆 𝟐 ) 𝝈𝒊

𝒕 𝟐 𝟐𝑷
𝟏 − (𝟏 − ) - =𝟎
𝒓𝒆 𝝈𝒊
 𝟐𝒕 𝒕 𝟐𝑷
𝟏 − (𝟏 − + ( )𝟐 )- =𝟎
𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆 𝝈𝒊

𝟐𝒕 𝒕 𝟐𝑷
𝟏−𝟏+ − ( )𝟐 - =𝟎
𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆 𝝈𝒊

𝒕 𝟐𝒕 𝟐𝑷
( )𝟐 − + =𝟎
𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆 𝝈𝒊

𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝒕 𝟐𝑷
( ) = 𝒙, c=
𝒓𝒆 𝝈𝒊

𝟖𝑷
𝒕 𝟐 ± √𝟒 −
𝝈𝒊
( )=
𝒓𝒆 𝟐

𝟐𝑷
𝒕 = 𝒓𝒆 (𝟏 ± √𝟏 − )
𝝈𝒊

𝟐𝑷
𝒕 = 𝒓𝒆 (𝟏 − √𝟏 − ) 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒔
𝝈𝒊

re=ri+t or ri=(re-t) then

𝟐𝑷
𝒓𝒊 (𝟏 − √𝟏 − )
𝒕=
𝝈𝒊 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒔
√𝟏 − 𝟐𝑷
𝝈𝒊
 Ex:

Design a 120 m high constant angle arch dam for a valley 50 m wide
at the base and 250 m wide at height 120 m .The permissible
compressive stress is 500 T/m 2 . Use thick cylinder theory . Assume
minimum thickness 2.5 m

𝑋 120−ℎ (120−ℎ)
= , , , , , 𝑋 = 100
100 120 120

𝑋 = 100 − 0.83333ℎ

𝐿 = 50 + 2𝑋 = 50 + 2(100 − 0.83333ℎ)

𝐿 = 250 − 1.67ℎ
 𝐿
𝐿 = 2 𝑟𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, , , , , 𝑟𝑖 = = 0.544𝐿
2 sin(133° 34 ′ /2)

h P L ri t tm re
0 0 250 136 1 0 2.5 138.5
10 10 233.3 126.9152 0.979796 2.617084 2.6 129.5152
20 20 216.6 117.8304 0.959166 5.016284 5 122.8304
30 30 199.9 108.7456 0.938083 7.177599 7.2 115.9456
40 40 183.2 99.6608 0.916515 9.078048 9.1 108.7608
50 50 166.5 90.576 0.894427 10.69105 11 101.576
60 60 149.8 81.4912 0.87178 11.98562 12 93.4912
70 70 133.1 72.4064 0.848528 12.92536 13 85.4064
80 80 116.4 63.3216 0.824621 13.46712 13.5 76.8216
90 90 99.7 54.2368 0.8 13.5592 14 68.2368
100 100 83 45.152 0.774597 13.13898 13.2 58.352
110 110 66.3 36.0672 0.748331 12.12962 12.2 48.2672
120 120 49.6 26.9824 0.72111 10.43546 10.6 37.5824
Example:

A-Design 100 m height arch dam for a valley100m at the base and
150m wide at height 100m. Take allowable stress =400 T/m 2, use
Thick cylinder method for constant angle 2ϴ=1330 65' then use thin
cylinder method for the same constant angle . use min thickness 1.5
m.

B-Use thick cylinder method for constant radius and 2ϴ=1400

𝑋 100−ℎ (100−ℎ)
= , , , , , 𝑋 = 25
25 100 100

𝑋 = 25 − 0.25ℎ

𝐿 = 100 + 2𝑋 = 100 + 2(25 − 0.25ℎ)

𝐿 = 150 − 0.5ℎ
𝐿
𝐿 = 2 𝑟𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, , , , , 𝑟𝑖 = = 0.544𝐿
2 sin(133° 65′/2)
h P L ri t tm re
0 0 150 81.6 1 0 1.5 83.1
10 10 145 78.88 0.974679 2.049172 2.2 81.08
20 20 140 76.16 0.948683 4.119689 4.2 80.36
30 30 135 73.44 0.921954 6.216864 6.5 79.94
40 40 130 70.72 0.894427 8.347364 8.4 79.12
50 50 125 68 0.866025 10.51964 11 79
60 60 120 65.28 0.83666 12.74452 13 78.28
70 70 115 62.56 0.806226 15.03613 15 77.56
80 80 110 59.84 0.774597 17.41311 17.5 77.34
90 90 105 57.12 0.74162 19.90059 20 77.12
100 100 100 54.4 0.707107 22.53322 23 77.4
110 110 95 51.68 0.67082 25.36 26 77.68

𝑋 100−ℎ (100−ℎ)
B) = , , , , , 𝑋 = 25
25 100 100

𝑋 = 25 − 0.25ℎ

𝐿 = 100 + 2𝑋 = 100 + 2(25 − 0.25ℎ)

𝐿 = 150 − 0.5ℎ
𝐿
𝐿 = 2 𝑟𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, , , , , 𝑟𝑖 = = 0.544𝐿
2 sin(133° 65′/2)

𝐿 = 2𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛳
𝐿 150
𝑟𝑒 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛳 = 140 at the top. =79.8=80m.
2sin( )
2

𝟐𝑷
𝒕 = 𝒓𝒆 (𝟏 − √𝟏 − ) 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒔
𝝈𝒊
 𝟐𝑷
K=√𝟏 −
𝝈𝒊

h L re p K t tr ri=(re-tr) 2ϴ 2ϴ
Degree
0 150 80 0 1 0 2.5 77.5 2.43075 139.2157
10 145 80 10 0.974679 2.025645 2.5 77.5 2.268655 129.932
20 140 80 20 0.948683 4.105336 4.2 75.8 2.130872 122.0408
30 135 80 30 0.921954 6.243644 6.3 73.7 2.008464 115.0302
40 130 80 40 0.894427 8.445825 8.5 71.5 1.896856 108.6381
50 125 80 50 0.866025 10.71797 11 69 1.793332 102.709
60 120 80 60 0.83666 13.0672 13.2 66.8 1.696124 97.14166
70 115 80 70 0.806226 15.50194 16 64 1.604006 91.86577
80 110 80 80 0.774597 18.03227 18.2 61.8 1.516082 86.83012
90 105 80 90 0.74162 20.67041 21 59 1.431676 81.996
100 100 80 100 0.707107 23.43146 24 56 1.350263 77.33325
110 95 80 110 0.67082 26.33437 26.5 53.5 1.271423 72.81784