Chapter 6

Ministry Of Water Resources
chapter 6
Directorate For Engineering Designs
Khasa Chai Dam
Part 1 /preliminary report
CHAPTER SIX
WATER MANAGEMENT ASPECTS
6-1 Operation water levels

In this section operation water levels, i.e. minimum operation water
level and normal pool water level are derived.
The minimum operation water level is taken as that level corresponding
to the upper limit of dead storage , minus (1.0) meter, so that the bottom
outlet may be used to flush some of the accumulated sediments.
The Dam shall be operated according to the following criteria:
Calculating dead storage 8.1 MCM

Corresponding elevation 467 m.a.s.l
Minimum water level 466 m.a.s.l
Actual dead storage 7.43 MCM
Amount of water supplied to Kirkuk city m3/sec 1.5
Corresponding live storage 30.9 MCM
Total storage 38.33 MCM
Corresponding level 490.7 m.a.s.l
Sill level of the spillway 491 m.a.s.l
6-2 Reservoir Flood Routing

The design floods of Khasa dam for different return periods have
been routed through Khasa reservoir (Reference Dr.Ahmed M.Ali 2004).
The objectives of this study are to fix the crest level, and to
determine the length, capacity of spillway, its ability to discharge the
Engineering Consultancy Bureau
Al-Mustansiriyh University College Of Engineering
Prof. Dr. A.H. Kadoury Head Of The Consulting Team
6– 1
chapter 6
Khasa Chai Dam
flood wave that arrives to Khasa dam with different flood periods, and to
compute the storage in Khasa Reservoir during the dam operation in
flooding times.
Reservoir flood routing involves the balancing of inflow, outflow, and
volume of storage through use of continuity equation.
The outflow from reservoir [Qout] is a function of water surface elevation
[h]. Depletion of the reservoir storage volume by the outflow causes a
decrease in [Qout]. However, any inflow to the reservoir tends to increase [h]
and [Qout]. The determination of an instantaneous value of [Qout] requires a
consideration of outflow, inflow, and the reservoir storage characteristics. The
hydrologic storage routing technique based on the law of conservation of
mass, i.e.:
Where,
S = storage of water in reservoir as a
function of reservoir water level [h].
Thus, the continuity equation is then expressed as:
Since A(h) and Qout (h) is a function of [h] and all other terms except [h] are
known, the above equation can be solved for the unknown [h] by using
Newton - Rephson iteration.
When a flood wave passes into a reservoir, it is normally modified by
the characteristics of that reservoir. The out flow hydrograph of the wave will
have a lower peak than its inflow hydrograph. The time base of the out flow
hydrograph will be somewhat longer than the time base of inflow hydrograph.

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Khasa Chai Dam
Therefore, the reservoir will have a damping effect on the flood wave where it
will reduce its flooding potential, store the water temporarily, and release it
over a longer period. As this operation goes on the water level in the reservoir
will rise to a level, which depends on its volume stage characteristics and the
capacity of the spillway.
The following initial data required as a first step in any flood routing
calculation.
1. Inflow design discharge and its hydrograph

The selection of the inflow design discharge is a matter of policy
whereby the amount of tolerated risk is traded for the economy of the
construction (height of the dam and spillway capacity).
The peak of this flood is (1814 m3/sec) and its volume of flood is (41.00)
million cubic meters.
2.Volume - stage curve of reservoir
The volume-stage curve of the reservoir has already been derived.
3.Initial water level of reservoir when routing of wave starts
The reservoir is assumed to be full to its maximum live storage capacity
(i.e. no spills) when the flood wave is routed. This corresponds to the spillway
sill level which is found to be (491.00) m.a.s.l.
4. The relationship between spillway width and
its discharge
According to the USBR –Design Of Small Dams This relation normally takes
the form:
Qout = CL H3/2
where:-

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Khasa Chai Dam
Qout = The discharge in m3/sec.

C = Coefficient depending on shape of ogee
and flow approach conditions.
L = Width of spillway, meters.
H = Total head of water over spillway sill level, meters.
For this calculation, a certain value for (C) is assumed (taken from the
USBR-Design of Small Dams) is going to be checked when detailed studies
are done and may be slightly adjusted to (Qout). In addition, (H) is taken as the
depth of water over ogee neglecting the velocity head, which again will have
to be considered in the final phase of design.
The usual flood - routing equation relating inflows outflows at certain
time intervals with change of storage is used. A computer program is utilized
for this purpose in order to cover wide range of variations for spillway capacity
(i.e. spillway width). Table (6-1) gives for many particular widths of spillway,
its discharge, and the resulting water level in the reservoir for (1:1000) years
flood. Additional data such as the volume of the reservoir at that level is also
given.

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Khasa Chai Dam
Table (6-1) Inflow, Outflow and Reservoir water level

for Khasa Dam for (1:1000) years Flood.
Spillway Reservoir
Width Water Head Discharge Elevation Volume

(m) (m) (m3/sec.) (m.a.s.l) (MCM)
10 11.24 813.80 502.24 62.26
20 8.84 1134.80 499.84 56.75
30 7.43 1311.40 498.43 53.64
40 6.50 1430.40 497.50 51.65
50 5.78 1498.90 496.78 50.13
60 5.20 1538.50 496.20 48.94
70 4.81 1593.00 495.81 48.12
80 4.47 1634.00 495.47 47.44
90 4.18 1664.10 495.18 46.86
100 3.94 1686.50 494.94 46.36
110 3.72 1703.20 494.72 45.93
120 3.53 1715.70 494.53 45.55
130 3.35 1725.10 494.35 45.21
140 3.20 1732.20 494.20 44.91
150 3.06 1737.50 494.06 44.64
160 2.94 1741.50 493.94 44.39
170 2.83 1744.40 493.83 44.17
180 2.72 1746.60 493.72 43.97
190 2.63 1748.10 493.63 43.79
200 2.54 1749.20 493.54 43.62
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Khasa Chai Dam
The discharge of spillway at (100) meter width is (1686) m3/sec. The

maximum water level is (494.4) m.a.s.l. so that level of the dam may be fixed
at (496.50) m.a.s.l.[ used 1.5 meter as free board]. This was checked and
found fits the local topographical conditions of the dam site.
The results of data analysis of Khasa reservoir flood routing for

different flood return periods are summarized in Table (6-2). This table gives
the design criteria of Khasa Dam.

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Khasa Chai Dam
Table (6-2) Summary of the results of Khasa Reservoir Flood Routing
Return period
Description
10 100 1000 10000
Spillway width (m) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Spillway Sill level (m.a.s.l) 491.00 491.00 491.00 491.00
Spillway depth (m) 1.32 2.42 3.94 5.10
Maximum Flood level (m.a.s.l) 492.32 493.42 494.94 496.10
Dam Crest level (m.a.s.l) 494.00 495.00 496.50 497.50

Maximum height from lowest point in the river
50.0 51.0 52.5 53.5
(m)
Bottom outlet sill level (m.a.s.l) 466.00 466.00 466.00 466.00
Dead Storage (MCM) 7.43 7.43 7.43 7.43
Live Storage (MCM) 31.42 31.42 31.42 31.42

Reservoir Volume at
38.85 38.85 38.85 38.85
Spillway Sill level (MCM)
Flood Volume (MCM) 2.44 4.53 7.51 9.87
Maximum Inflow (m3/s) 393 908 1814 2624

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Khasa Chai Dam
Maximum Discharge from

329 812 1686 2485
Spillway (m3/s)
6-3 Monthly Operation of the Reservoir

6-3-1 Conditions for Reservoir Operation
The Khasa dam has proposed to:
 Maintain a permanent minimum supply of water in the Khasa Chai
during all seasons for improvement of the environment, and survival
of fauna.
 Supply irrigation water for gardens and green yards within the city of
Kirkuk.
 Facilitate the maintenance of recreational water areas at the
upstream lake and in the bed of the Khasa Chai through Kirkuk.
 Regulate the flow down stream Khasa Dam.
Reservoir operation is necessarily made in such a manner that it

functions according to the respective purposes of its design.
At Khasa Reservoir, the live storage between normal operation water
level of (491) m.a.s.l. and minimum operation water level of (466.0) m.a.s.l, is
to be utilized for continuous release of water from the reservoir at constant
rate of (1.5) m3/sec to Kirkuk city but the bottom outlet sill level as to be
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chapter 6
Khasa Chai Dam
placed at lower level of (457.00) m.a.s.l. to assist in sediment flushing and

utilizing part of the dead storage in cases of droughts.
6-3-2 Monthly Operating Procedure
The following Procedures used for planning the monthly operating

schedule:
1. Prepare the input data, which should include the inflow, evaporation,
precipitation, demands, and the minimum and normal operation levels of
the Khasa reservoir.
2. The initial storage and the water level of the reservoir at first month
assumed.
3. Release from the reservoir, an amount of water equals to the water
requirement.
4. Calculate the water losses due to evaporation from the reservoir at that
month.
5. Determine the amount of storage and reservoir water level at the end of
that month.
6. Compare the reservoir water level with the spillway sill level and bottom
outlet sill level. If it found that the reservoir water level exceeds these
levels, then the computed storage and water level readjusted.
7. Calculate the outflow from the Khasa Dam, which should not exceed the
water requirement to Kirkuk city, and store the remaining release in the
reservoir. If the water level of the reservoir exceeds the maximum
operating level then the excess water released from the reservoir through
the spillway.

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Khasa Chai Dam
8. Repeat the previous steps for each of the following months.
CONCLUSIONS
Tables (6-3) and (6-4) summarize the resulting output of this model.
From these results, it may be conclude that:
1. The monthly inflow to Khasa Reservoir ranges from (0.0 m3/sec to 33.9
m3/sec). The annual inflow ranges between (1.2 m3/sec to 9.3 m3/sec), with
an annual mean of (3.6 m3/sec).
2. The water levels at Khasa Reservoir do not exceed the normal
operation level (491.0 m.a.s.l.) and minimum operation level (466.0
m.a.s.l.), with an annual mean water level of (485.3 m.a.s.l).
3. The monthly outflow from Khasa reservoir ranges between (1.4 m3/sec
to 33.9 m3/sec). The annual outflow ranges between (1.5 m3/sec to 9
m3/sec), with an average of (3.5m3/sec).
4. The monthly outflow from spillway ranges between (0.0 m3/sec to 32.4
m3/sec). The annual spillway ranges between (0.0 m3/sec to 7.5 m3/sec),
with an average of (2.0 m3/sec).
5. The effect of construction of the Khasa dam on the inflow at Adhaim
dam is shown in Table (6-4). The monthly reduction in the inflow will range
between (0.0 m3/sec to 4.7 m3/sec). The annual reduction in the inflow at
Adhaim will be 1.5 m3/sec.

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Khasa Chai Dam
Table (6-3) Results of Monthly Operation of Khasa Reservoir.
Monthly Annual
Description
Min. Max. Min. Max. Mean
Inflow to Reservoir in (m3/sec) 0.0 33.9 1.2 9.3 3.6
Water Level at Reservoir in (m.a.s.l.) 466.0 491.0 479.0 488.9 485.3
Storage of Reservoir in (MCM) 7.4 38.9 20.6 30.0 35.4
Outflow from Reservoir in (m3/sec) 1.4* 33.9 1.5 9.0 3.5

Water Release to Kirkuk City in (m3/sec) 1.4* 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Outflow from Spillway in (m3/sec) 0.0 32.4 0.0 7.5 2.0

Discharge Required at Khassa Dam in
0.0 12.5 1.2 2.0 1.6
(m3/sec)
Monthly inflow at Before Construction 0.0 448.0 5.0 67.0 24.3
Adhaim Dam in
(m3/sec) After Construction 0.0 446.5 3.4 65.6 23.0
* It happened once during sixty-one year at November 2000.

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Khasa Chai Dam
Table (6-4) Mean Monthly Inflow (m3/sec) at Adhaim Dam before and
after construction Khasa Dam.
Before After Reduction

Month Construction Construction of Adhaim
Khassa Dam Khassa Dam inflow
Jan. 4.4 3.5 0.9
Feb. 21.4 17.6 3.8
March 36.4 31.7 4.7
April 50.8 47.8 3.0
May 46.8 44.8 2.0
June 62.8 61.1 1.3
July 41.6 40.3 0.8
Aug. 17.5 16.7 0.0
Sept. 4.7 4.7 0.0
Oct. 2.6 2.6 0.0
Nov. 2.3 2.3 0.0
Dec. 2.8 2.8 0.0
Year 24.5 23.0 1.5

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Khasa Chai Dam

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Khasa Chai Dam

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Chapter 6

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Ministry Of Water Resources

6-1 Operation water levels

Calculating dead storage 8.1 MCM

6-2 Reservoir Flood Routing

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

1. Inflow design discharge and its hydrograph

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Qout = The discharge in m3/sec.

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Table (6-1) Inflow, Outflow and Reservoir water level

Width Water Head Discharge Elevation Volume

The discharge of spillway at (100) meter width is (1686) m3/sec. The

The results of data analysis of Khasa reservoir flood routing for

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Table (6-2) Summary of the results of Khasa Reservoir Flood Routing

Spillway width (m) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Spillway Sill level (m.a.s.l) 491.00 491.00 491.00 491.00

Spillway depth (m) 1.32 2.42 3.94 5.10

Maximum Flood level (m.a.s.l) 492.32 493.42 494.94 496.10

Dam Crest level (m.a.s.l) 494.00 495.00 496.50 497.50

Dead Storage (MCM) 7.43 7.43 7.43 7.43

Live Storage (MCM) 31.42 31.42 31.42 31.42

Maximum Inflow (m3/s) 393 908 1814 2624

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Maximum Discharge from

6-3 Monthly Operation of the Reservoir

Reservoir operation is necessarily made in such a manner that it

placed at lower level of (457.00) m.a.s.l. to assist in sediment flushing and

6-3-2 Monthly Operating Procedure

The following Procedures used for planning the monthly operating

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

8. Repeat the previous steps for each of the following months.

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Table (6-3) Results of Monthly Operation of Khasa Reservoir.

Water Level at Reservoir in (m.a.s.l.) 466.0 491.0 479.0 488.9 485.3

Storage of Reservoir in (MCM) 7.4 38.9 20.6 30.0 35.4

Outflow from Reservoir in (m3/sec) 1.4* 33.9 1.5 9.0 3.5

Outflow from Spillway in (m3/sec) 0.0 32.4 0.0 7.5 2.0

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Before After Reduction

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

Engineering Consultancy Bureau

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