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3-STAGE MOTOR ASSEMBLY

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I
BEARING AND DRIVE
SHAFT ASSEMBLY

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INDICATOR

PERMANENT
MAGNET

SHEAR MAGNETIZED
PIN DISC

WHIPSTOCK

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BALL (oriented- on low side of hole)
RACE RINGS
01
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SWIVEL NUT ADJUSTMENT SCREW

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HEX DRIVE COLLAR

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HEX DRIVE STEM

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Lights
Plumb Bob •
Magnetic Compass (Tool Face)
Magnet

— Compass
(Tool Face)
Compass
(Magnetic North) 0

Non-Magnetic Collar

Aligned
Physically or
Mathematically

Face of Tool

(40-9) ,..1-(-;% 1'11"

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Collar

Camera
Lights
Pendulum-,
Tool Face Indicator- -.....
A
Comrat,
Disc
A

Orientaiiiw":\
Mark
(Tool Face)
-Drift
(High Side)

These 3 Items Are

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Sub -----

Mule Shoe
Mule Shoe Key

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Face of Tool
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. (Balanced Tangenttial Method) L311.:11 1.1.2 _,L1 (2)
. (Angle Averaging Method) 4 j1;11 Lie). (3)
. (Radius of Curvature Method) cr,i:JI L.A...a.; Lie ). (4)
. (Minimum Curvature Method) 1..4), (5)
. (Mercury Method) cs./.;.- ;k2„....)1. (6)

fit,
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J (4VI) (-11.)4VI cikz--1,A 2.1:41 41)i-11
VI Z 1A1 VD A11 (14.1.1
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AVD AMD cos I 2

(1 — 9) —
AD = AMD sin 12
(2 — 9)

AE = AD sin A2 = AMD sin 12 sin A2 (3 — 9)

AN = AD cos A 2 = AMD sin I Z cos A 2 (4 — 9)

3 L11 J3.1. 4 ibt,111 = A MD

coz2z1.1 4 3;L:.11 6.'.11 4
= A.VD
;,., 1). 1 4 ;4)1 = AD
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c. A..11..-'11 4 s L111 = AN
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Ztv
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1)1 eol,j 1j-c. U. I
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Zi L113 (.31.,54T Z2.11i
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ii I it l j 7l I lt; ./.5. e
te< . I) A ;Jut . 4-T
J.,461 (:),.‹; C.04,1..11 L''1..))11
gv. 1 Zt.ii )11 4.r I j Y I
1,5", I .0:1 I j ( 5 1 — 9) J.C..t-11 vw . j1 I
1.01:).11 L1,13 cb tislc 3}:t,+ siI j
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14.A
 Llt ," cb t.)1 c.,kja;
c'bsinOb di) c'bcosei, J d'.b J15.1.)11 b
..t.ij c j13.-J1
b . cd" . d"b' J1111 jr,..t. 4.0 4. c'd',d'b i., I j I5.1, Ci I j
j d"131 j-A 1 LI, ULU . b ;tai.:11 cj:ti
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- : (4-9) LA.,
c.71.2 j 400 J.. .j.1.:11 tli
t . N79° 28E 2735.7
10700 dl Li z 4.5" j,i j13 4f 1,11 ad, Atia
. (TVD)
O
J.A.:—; L y j11 c.A.;LlaJI
22 .,1.i Li.pr Jr I, r _ki 150 _ 16
:Jag. 15 Li yr Js I, r...a 1800 _ -10
i•JiL 9 8 A 11700 v.r j. _ :.1:... -7
'25 vs. (.55.4u11

6.11 LLS..F (5-9) (1 -9) JjI41 ;-1-c•Lf

• • leCi (7 1111 Li".11.5

O
 0

(1-9)
100 / 20 411., id_j1)1.! 0..1141 J..uh. elf:1 SL y JI L.43...2;1J1

TVD
Angle, Cum. correction, Cum.
Depth, ft degrees Throw, ft throw, ft ft TVD, ft
KOP 0 0 0 0 0
+ 100 2 3.49 3.49 99.94 99.94
+ 200 4 6.98 10.47 99.76 199.70
+ 300 6 10.45 20.92 99.45 299.15
+ 400 8 13.92 34.84 99.03 398.18
+ 500 10 17.36 52.20 98.48 496.66
+ 600 12 20.79 72.99 97.81 594.47
+ 700 14 24.19 97.18 97.03 691.50
+ 800 16 27.56 124.74 96.13 787.63
+ 900 18 30.90 155.64 95.11 882.74
+1,000 20 34.20 189.84 93.97 976.71
+1,100 22 37.46 227.30 92.72 1,069.43
.±1,200 24 40.67 267.97 91.35 1,160.78
+1,300 26 43.84 311.81 89.88 1,250.66
+1,400 28 46.95 358.76 88.29 1,338.95
+1,500 30 50.00 408.76 86.60 1,425.55
+1,600 32 52.99 461.75 84.80 1,510.35
+1,700 34 55.92 517.67 82.90 1,593.25
+1,800 36 58.78 576.45 80.90 1,674.15
+1,900 38 61.57 638.02 78.80 1,752.95
+2,000 40 64.28' 702.30 76.60 1,829.55
The depth at which the well is to be kicked off should be inserted
under the column headed "depth" and 100 ft added for each
2'1100 ft buildup. This will indicate the measured depth when
any desired angle buildup is attained.

j1;,111 I L.41 03.4a11 Liill 4.01 (2-9) L13.1.1"

_ a 100 / 2 i T

TVD
Angle, Cam. correction, Cum.
Depth, ft degrees Throw, ft throw, ft ft TVD, ft
KOP 0 0 0 0 0
+ 100 21/2 4.36 4.36 99.90 99.90
+ 200 5 ' 8.72 13.08 99.62 199.52
+ 300 71/2 13.05 26.13 99.14 298.66
+ 400 10 17.36 43.49 98.48 397.14
+ 500 121/2 21.64 65.13 97.63 494.77
+ 600 15 25.88 91.01 96.59 591.36
+ 700 171/2 30.07 121.08 95.37 686.73
+ 800 20 34.20 155.28 93.97 780.70
221/2 38.27 193.55 92.39 873.09
+1,00 -25 -42.26--235.81-90.63 -%3.72
+1,100 271/2 46.17 281.98 88.70 1,052.42
+1,200 30 50.00 331.98 86.60 1,139.02
+1,300 321/2 53.73 385.71 84.34 1,2.23.36
+1,400 35 57.36 443.07 81.92 1,305.28
+1,500 371/2 60.88 503.95 79.34 1,384.62
+1,600 40 64.28 568.23 76.60 1,461.22
The depth at which the well is to be kicked off should be inserted
under the column headed "depth" and 100 ft added for each
21/2'1100 ft buildup. This will indicate the measured depth when
any desired angle buildup is attained.

'la .
O

(3-9)
/ 3° cij ir_31).R.! Lltaji
. f.a- 100

TVD
Angle, Cum. correction, Cum.
Depth, ft degrees Throw, ft throw, ft ft TVD, ft
KOP 0 0 0 0 0
-I- 100 3 5.23 5.23 99.86 99.86
+ 200 6 10.45 15.68 99.45 199.31
-1- 300 9 15.64 31.32 98.77 298.08
+ 400 12 20.79 52.11 97.81 395.89
-I- 500 15 25.88 77.99 96.59 492.48
+ 600 18 30.90 108.89 95.11 587.59
-I- 700 21 35.84 144.73 93.36 680.95
+ 800 24 40.67 185.40 91.35 772.30
+ 900 27 45.40 230.80 89.10 861.40.
+1,000 30 50.00 280.80 86.60 948.00
+ 1,100 33 54.46 335.26 83.87 1,031.87
+1,200 36 58.78 394.04 80.90 1,112.77
+ 1,300 39 62.93 456.97 77.71 1,190.48
+1,400 42 66.91 523.88 74.31 1,264.79
-I-1,500 45 70.71 594.59 70.71 1,335.50
The depth at which the well is to be kicked off should be inserted
under the column headed "depth" and 100 ft added for each
3°/100 ft buildup. This will indicate the measured depth when any
desired angle buildup is attained.

JI (41 0.1 Li) viktzvi }-11 (4-9) J)-ur

100 /2° J4., Jjilth
f jj
Jo: j1 NI 100 11 e.U1 .1.0 10 16)1.31. Li11.1 Z,J13 JI
.

Cum. TVD Cum.

Angie, TVD, ft
degrees Throw, ft throw, ft correction, ft
0 0 0
0 0 99.98
1 1.75 1.75 99.98
3.49 5.24 99.94 199.92
2 299.78
3 5.23 10.47 99.86
17.45 99.76 399.54
4 6.98 499.16
5 8.72 26.17 99.62
36.62 99.45 598.61
6 10.45 697.86
7 12.19 48.81 99.25
62.73 99.03 796.89
8 13.92
15.64 78.37 98.77 . 895.66
9 -___994 14
10 -- 17.36 95.73- 9848--
20.79 116.52 97.81 1,091.95
12 1,188.98
14 24.19 140.71 97.03
27.56 168.27 96.13 1,285.11
16 1,380.22
18 30.90 199.17 95.11
34.20 233.37 93.97 1,474.19
20 1,566.91
22 37.46 270.83 92.72
40.67 211 ill 91,X 11511.26_
24 1,748.14
'26' .- 43.84' 356.34 89.98
402.29 88.29 1,836.43
28 46.95 1,923.03
30 50.00 452.29 Z6.60
52.99 505.28 84.80 2,007.83
32 2,090.73
34 55.92 561.20 82.90
619.98 80.90 2,171.63
36 58.78 2,250.43
38 61.57 681.55 78.80
64.28 745.83 76.60 2,327.03
40
When- finding the amount of throw when a directional well is
brought to vertical, read directly from the drift angle at which the
well is being drilled. The TVD can be read directly from the drift
angle also. .9
"1°
4:
 /1° L.s.91--2 J1.11:JI JI
- fa 100
Angle, Cum. TVD
degrees C11133.
Throw, ft throw, ft correction, ft
0 0 TVD, ft
0 0 0
1 1.75 1.75 99.98
2 99.98
3.49 5.24 99.94 199.92
3 5.23 10.47 99.86
4 299.78
6.98 17.45 99.76 399.54
5 8.72 26.17 99.62
6 499.16
10.45 36.62 99.45 598.61
7 12.19 48.81 99.25
8 697.86
13.92 62.73 99.03 796.89
9 15.64 78.37 98.77
10 17.36 895.66
95.73 98.48 994.14
11 19.08 114.81 98.16
12 1,092.30
20.79 135.60 97.81 1,190.11
11 22.50 158.10 97.44
14 24.19 1,287.55
182.29 97.03 1,384.58
15 25.88 208.17 96.59
16 27.56 1,481.17
235.73 96.13 1,577.30
17 29.24 264.97 95.63
18 1,672.93
30.90 295.87 95.11 1,768.04
19 32.56 328.43 94.55
20 1,862.59
34.20 362.63 93.97 1,956.56
21 35.84 398.47 93.36
2 37.46 2,049.92
435.93 92.72 2,142.64
23 39.07 475.00 92.05
24 40.67 2,234.69
515.67 91.35 2,326.04
25 42.26 557.93 90.63
26 43.84 2,416.67
A 601.77 89.88 2,506.55
27 45.40 647.17 89.10
28 46.95 2,595.65
694.12 88.29 2,683.94
29 48.48 742.60 87.46
30 50.00 2,771.40
792.60 86.60 2,858.00
31 51.50 844.10 85.72
32 52.99 2,943.72
897.09 84.80 3,028.52
33 54.46 951.55 83.87
34 55.92 3,112.39
1,007.47 82.90 3,195.29
35 57.36 1,064.83 81.92
36 3,277.21
58.78 1,123.61 80.90 3,358.11
37 60.18 1,183.79 79.86
38 3,437.97
61.57 1,245.36 78.80 3,516.77
39 62.93 1,308.29 77.71
40 3,594.48
64.28 1,372.57 76.60 3,671.08
When finding the amount of throw when a directional well is
brought to vertical, read directly from the drift angle at which tho
well is being drilled. The TVD can be read directly from the drift
angle also.

- : (5).,a.11 caIJVI 1_; L yI VI _ A clan

(MD) Ly.1111
100 /2 ÷
(2 - 9) J,
j;L:J1
31
0.25 1,6 )1.a. Lil.,41 ;,,j1..) 31

. 235.81 -1
. r..d 963.72 -2
 . r ..1.; 1000. = -3

j1 _ B

MD ,TVD :41,-1)T
al
Lt11
;)Iii411 r a• 100 /2° J..4.4 25 ° 6)1.1.7,.. u11-1 4- ,31) (:).. L1.0-
(4-9) J,-1-1- . 10° 6.)1.1.i.. :+161) at J3.-,,,J1

. r.J.i 237.69 = _1
r.ki 709.06 = I a.01.1.11 _2
. 750.0 = _3

(71111 iiLt.11
L1.1 , 10 ° ls)1.a. 4.5 1.3 ce .L1,; J1 J- al
(4-9) JJ-1-1- . O1 1 j_41 100 It°

95.7.3 = :41,-1)T _ 1
994.14 = -1 a _ 2
r .j 1000.0 =- _3
1431)1 •J11 _C
• ..,4)1
2166.47 16)1..a.. 4-1j1 ().:; 'Zi? (J1 LL.J.1 tl
• JL:-:x11 fk:-!

)1.1.1.. 1..4;1 6-1)1 cri&Z 25° 1,.)1J.L. (2-9) J3. e

;.,-1)`11 . f ai 100 35J r..ci 42.26
JA titt 0.4226 c r ..4.i 2166.47
. 5 1.26.53 0)1,..4.i.
25° 1.6)1...a. 41 (2-9) J,. (Le &LIS
;41 C).• r -CO 100 j.‹.1 r _Li- 90.63 0)1-11. -
)1.1111 uy.;ati .
r,-43 5126.53
6.44J1 js.Jl,, L es.4 0.9063
. r .0 4646.17 0)1.1.1... c5JJl,4‹11

. 2166.47 = _
4646.17 = (17Q-4-1 ayi'Ll1 _2
. r .0 5126.53 = _3
_D

A
 0

. r ..11 2735.7 = A7_10 _ 1-

. 1..4 . 7313.09 = 4‹.1i I JyLJI L3..11 _ 2
. r _is 7876.53 = Lf.l.111 _3
(kop) _E
. 7313.09 0)1..1.1.44.< VI ...Z.!
7313.09 )1.41.1 cikei . c..4 8300 Li...a jx. c.)1 )141
(kop) L JL 1..;.; 8300
. r...; 987
_F
cx. 1...4 987 c)1 _1
c)-1.1.. v»r L:r. r .4' 100 3..(.J 0 2 2 )1.4.i.r
0.141_ 2
• ( 4;4,- r a 1950.7) 1..4 1987 y r .4 987 0)1_11.
(.41 (..4 1987 0)1..a. °25
O
_3
r -4 6950.89) r _ki 7114 0)1..a.
7114 0)1.a. v. c". 1..4 100 LIK.1 0 2 J.1.4 Zeil..,11 _4
. 7305.94) r-4 7864 0)1.471.. (J J1
r - 7864 (J.U. 1..4 100 J51 °I _ 5
. j5il.t. Li...a 1..4 8300.09.) r.J.; 8864 0)1.1i.. L;..
.• Li I
1 i511 1..J.; 2735.7 2.4;1 N79e.28E ti,, l;, 41 I - 6
c a 8300 ci,AL Jai ce..1,_.11
. (52-9) JK.I.11

(Balanced Tangential Method) Z613:11 iz....).1,11 2-9-9

4115 )4.11 j Z-12,11 Z.;1.3:11 ;a2f IL.11
.4.p l.. .7.2.313z; ;,- Lc jI cs.4;

A1 te l jij 12 j (...:1,./.Y1 j_j u (53-9)

I „A MD .1.11.1 j A2
A1, (S51,11 tA)1.11..
ia14I j vD i J.; LI!
) Z.,-13')11
 0
Sutioce

987' KOP 0°
Directional drilling plan

+2 1,2°/100

1,950.72' I 235.81' 25° 1,987'

TVD i ',Throw MD

25° constant

I
I
° 7,114'
6,596.89 1 2,402.28'
MD
TVD I Throw
—2°/100'
I
2,639.97' 10° 7 864'
7,305.94' I
brow MO
TVD I
—1°/100
1
0° 8,864'
8,300.09' 1 2,735.70'
"Now MD
TVD I

0° 12,264'
11,700.00' 1 2,735.70'
Throw MD
IVO

. (4-9) Jlt1.1 y (52-9)

o. .
Station I

(a)
ii,./.101 (53-9)
. (b) t la.. (a) I.,_;i3:11

0
 , Ni L.4 tr-thi ,AEI (1/..72J1
41.4j A N 2 ,,6,E2 AVD2 6,D2 j--- ; AMD
2
AMD, i) s n
AD, = (5-9)
2

AMD
AD, = sin (6-9)
2
4, ce Z4<11

AD = AD, + AD, = AMD ( sin I, + sin 12 ) (7-9)

2

AMD
AVD, = cos I,
2

AMb
AVD, = cos 12
2
va 2 ri 1 ri ;Jul I L. X11 t j....JJ
AVD = AVD, + AVD,

AMD
( cos I, + cos I, ) (8-9)
2
LIJI • I LA; a
AN = AN, + AN, = AD, cos A, + AD, cos A,

AMD
( sin I, cos A, + sin 12 cos A 2 ) (9-9)
2

AE = AE, + AE,
MD
A E= ( sin I, sin A, + AE2 ) (10-9)
2
101
 0
(Angle averaging method) "4:01.;11 Zi?.).), (3-9-9)
L,i fri 1. ,4Y I 1.2 1.,

j Ai
("1":;) ".46 • LiL:JI 4 1i
L41 I • 4.:),.‹..2 4 (5 3 —9) ji tyrs.)1!.3.
. ad? . jI,JI [(A 1 + A2)12] [(I l + 12)/2] 1.S 4)11
( 11 +
2 12 )
AD = AMD sin
( 11 — 9 )

AVD = AMD cos ( 1, + 12

2 ( 12 — 9 )

1+ I, Al +
AE = AMD sin ( 1 ) sin A2 ( 13 — 9 )
2 2

AN = AMD sin ( 11 + I2 A l + A2 ( 14 — 9 )
2 2

(Radius of curvature. Method) c).•liji (.44; Zi..

1.717 (4-9-9)

LryZJI ejlp
. cilast J c;. IL L. 4.751.1 crt
J...* L; ;.11 vI aRai
j!:.; di LA olS . Z. j10

L.4.:-. I. LS ab AJI c) I F
. (54-9) J.C...:JL,
1
Ji ( AMD2 11
)
;(.2.11; I j

Rate of change in inclination = 11

12 —
AMD
;Lila t 1:)-111 I1 12
aV
r
 E

(a)

90-A2

(b)
(b )

;Li LIA; lit), (55-9) . 'Zit), (54-9)

.

ab Lr)ii:J1 j

1
Radius of curvature =
of segment ab Rate of change in inclination
aMD
12 - i
I, — 1,
AMD
"1/40A
 "CL)13-11 1, 1, J L le4-1713-54 4).1).j3-11 (.5A 4-313 Z-I-ZA I 2 i I t C.)I 1-c
d.1143 • 13.06
- 27r
AMD 360
R-(1
2 - ) 27r

360 AMD
27r ( 12 - )
(a 54-9) cx.
360 AMD
V, = sin I, - sin I,
27z ( 12 - 1, )
360AMD
V2 = R sin 12 = sin 12
27r (I2 - I, )

360AMD
AVD = V2 - = (sinl2 - sinI, ) (15 9 )
27r ( 12 - )

(b 54-9 J.CJI (j1 )1;1)

: )1 (D1 - D2 ` ) 4.0.3 cb
Depanture = Cb = ( D2 - D / )
D2 = R cos I„
D, = R sin ( 90 - 12 ) = R cos I2
AD = D2 - D, = R ( cosi, cosI2 )
360 AMD
AD = ) ( cosI, - cosi2 ) ( 16 - 9 )
27r ( 12 -

tt:t? uki.4 be J.,1,

j
1 AD
R, =
A2 - A, A2 - A,
AD
360 AMD ( cosI, - cosI2 )
27r ( A2 - A, )( I2 - )

loq
vI (b) (a) c.,11,1311 .7L-L<.. 1231) v. A2, A1 (:)1
JI J.,? .1.114 .a A2 A l 12 I I 1.211,J1
: R -
( 360 )2 LMD ( cosi, - cosI2 )
R, =
47/2 ( A2 - A, ) ( 12 - )

Se (55-9) (..C.-1-11 j 111 tp.-A3

trs'i J.L:113 L.4.
AN = N2 - N1 = RisinA2 RisinA,
= R, ( sinA2 - sinA, )

( 360 )2 AMD ( cosi, - cosIV sinA2 - sinA, )

AN = ( 17 - 9 )
4n2 (A2 - ) ( 12 - )

AE = E2 - E,
RicosA, - R IcosA2
= R, ( cosA, - cosA2 )—

( 360 )2AMD ( cosi, - cosI2 ) ( cosA, cosA2 )

AE - ... (18-9)
47/ 2 ( A2 - A1 ) ( I2 - )

(Minimum Curvature' Method) („;,.) 411 Lit3.1 (5-9-9)

▪ lt.: I . ce 1 Ly.."1:11
• J= ll 4110:411 Ja.411.11 .1).1.41 -LI- co; z1 J4.<..1I
j.c. L5) I ( .11; Lk. j.46
Ratio) . :LAO (.1,4 1. 1=41 J
;4 c iyr tilai4 0-'1; RF (Factor

2 DL
RF = ( ) (in radians) tan ( ) (in degree (19-9)
—DL s1 2
11-
 .1E3 13 = DL
cos DL = cos (I2 — I , ) — sinI,
x sinI 2 [1 — cos ( A 2 - A, ) ] (20-9)

L.-At:11 4.......t11 ti, J.j Lc; I u...j.a.:J1 4)1. Z1.)

1 .1t.; RF,
L.d3-1111
AVD = AMD ( cosi, + cosI2 ) RF
2 ...( 21-9)

AN = AMD ( sinI,cosA, + sinI 2 cosA 2 ) RF

2 ...( 22 — 9)

AMD
AE ( sinI,sinA, + sinI 2 sinA 2 ) RF
2 ...( 23-9)

(Mercury Method) 4;.0f.• Zit), (6-9-9)

L; L.51„:11 p 11ie.„1,11 4, L..; L L I vA ;..4.)iLJ1 .i.a
ce c),<;. ti.LA j:41 ex.4, . )4-1 3,b j 1 Ze.....L11.!
. 14.4.1 L1,1. L.1.4
kJ))jJI
AVD =
AMD — STL
( cosA2 + cosA, ) + STLcosA 2
2

( 24 — 9 )

AN = AMD — STL
( sinI i cosA, + sinI2 cosA2 ) +
2

STLSInI2cosA2 ( 25 — 9 )
11N
 AMD - STL . •
AE = ( + sinI,sinA2 ) +
2

STLsinI 2sinA2 —(26-9)

• C-11 STL

(5-9) J
tr
r -Li 1000 = (kop)

2400 = J-1
I
200 =

ce.k.J1 z.L.76
aJ 4.st )1-C
42 Ics- ce.

c.:•1
c,.-d1I I (7.1111 LL.4.1
A ( r .4)

320 15 : 1200 1
310 19 1400 2

. (2) (1) I..

TIN
 .7J-1
360 MD
AVD = ( sin12 — sinl, )
2n ( 12 — I, )

360 ( 1400 — 1200 )

( sin 19- — sin 15- )
27-r ( 19 — 15)

= 191.22 ft
y 2 ;lot j jyul S
TVD at Station 2 = kop + AVD ( between station 1 .:and 2 )
= 1000 + 191.22 = 1191.22 ft

360 ( 1400 — 1200 )

AD = ( cosi, — cosi, )
( 12 — I, )

= 58.44 ft

3602,64D ( c&s1, — cos!, ) ( sinA, — sinA, )

AN —
4n2 ( A2 — A, ) ( 12 —1, )

3602 ( 1400 — 1200) ( cos 15' — cos 19`) x ( sin 310' — sin 320' )
4n 2 ( 310 — 320 )( 19 — 15)

= 41-29 ft .

( 3602 ) A MD ( cosi, — cosl 2 ) ( cosA 1 — cosA 2 )

AE =
4n 2 ( A2 —A, )( — 1 2)

( 360 )2 ( 1400 — 1200 ) ( cos15' — cos19' ) x ( cos 320' — cos 310' )

4n 2 ( 310 — 320 ) ( 19 — 15 )

=-- — 41.29 ft
 a + 360' = ( Azimuth) •

AE — 41.29
tan a —
AN 41.24
x = — 4503'
314.97° =
_AN kop J = 2 :t.12,4 Li I cA,'11.1,-
■
= 2400 + 41.29
= 2441.29 ft
AE + kop (1 11. = 2 ;Is. I
= 200 — 41.29
= 158.71 ft
Lr.,2,.:J1 42 ),
AMD
AVD = ( cosI, + cosl 2 ) RF
2
AMD
' AD = ( sinl, + sinl, ) RF
2

AMD
AN = ( sinl, cosA, + sinl, cos A 2 ) RF
2

AMD
AE = (sirrI1 sinA, + sinl, sinA, ) RF
2

2 DL
RF = tan (
AL 2 )
cosDL cos ( I2 — I, ) — sinl, x sinI, x [ 1 — cos ( A, — A, )]
cos ( 19° — 15°) — sin 15'sin 19°.
x [ 1 — cos ( 310' — 320' )]
= 0.9963
DL 4.93

DL ( Rad) = 4.92° ( 32:0 )

 0-0859

2 4-92° 1.0003
RF tan
0.0859 2

( 1400 — 1200 ) cos15` + cos19` ) x 1-0003

AVD 2
= 191.20 ft

TVD = 1000 + 191.20 = 1191.2 ft

.
(1400.— 1200 ) ( sm15 cos 320' + sin 19' cos 310' )
AN

x 1.0003

200 0.1983 + 0.2093) x 1.0003

2
= 40.77 ft

1400 — 1200 ) sin 15- sin 320' + sin19` sin310' )

AE 1\

x 1.0003
= —41.59 ft

200 sin15' + sin19` ) x 1.0003

AD — 2

58.46 ft!
a T- 360' =

AE 41.59 — 1.0201
tan a = AN +40-77

a = — 45.57'

110
 ;JU-I jt:11 .711 4j1).11 (DI ;41._11 Yi)
elljd E ,a.
45.570-360° =
JI
314.43°=
2440.8 = 40.77 + 2400 = 2 ;...LA j
158.4 = 41.59 - 200 = 2 ;.1...4 j

j'a

;),L;LI /A.11 c..11..4:1 LAS IA_ (1)

61.8" I. I . r100/3° =
;I .1I 4." j , 8° L. I I
ct.s yI jLi100° , 21.5 °
: yl11
: cr1 11 J.Li j.l. jUl (.1.3 .4- I .):SL (2)
. cs;Al

J ci j--111
;41 (.7- Liu

9820.7 -8099.3 6241.6 324.8 57.2 15000

325.0 58.5° 15100
325.1 58.6° 15200
325.4 58.1° 15300
325.7 58.4° 15400
10083.5 -8341.7 6591.2 325.2 58.5° 15600

aga
1- CarL Gatlin, "Petroleum Engineering", prentice, hall,INC, 1960
2- Wilson, "How to drill a usable hole", world oil sep 1976
3- craig J.T.Jr and Rattail, B.v, "Directionalcuruey caleulation",
petroleum Engineer, (1976)
4- Rabia H, "oil well Drilling Engineering", Graham, and Trot than,
1985.
5- Wilson G.T., "An Improved M.ethod for Computing Directional
Surveys", SPE reprint series,NO-Ga,197 3
6- Rotary Drilling, Controlled Directional Drilling Unit
IADC,1974
7- prestonl. Moore "Drilling practices Manual", the
petroleum publishing comp, Tuisa, 1974
8- preston L.Moore, Frank W.eole, "Drilling operations Manual",
petroleum publishing comp,1965.

11v
 0

.\

_
-
•

..3
 liOli 01511
Mr andGas Drilling

(1—10)

1.1), ;3_,J•kl
.,..3LLA ()I t.j L.;..)1
()WI ji) .1511 ,:j1l
4.11,- Lfl;SI (Circulating media)
ofi..)11 .1.2 .)11..."1
.JUt .4.11 az, ...La; lai j c j
c.-, (.31C
c...114.11 ;SI
(j. i-3 LA . C2Z.3 Y;)61...■
I D..L. JL.3l
•Ul 11-1; Li; .
• (.41

(i i
"IA c.,°_,:4-7-;
1Y
.72,-6. (wi t 01,11
• fiJ-1

TNA
 ▪
▪

ii) .1)4 .);LLI__:.)- L4.a

Advantages of air (or Gas) Drilling
J i) ,13,0 4.-11

tL, .1?..L.J I 2.2.,:z.;11)

L. I :LI I j c).
I jj1 ..4aj
j1.4.5 ci IJ cf.
ci1 I
j (1-10)
,13.41 r 1 1; _i ,1,113
, L (50) cj_Li
r J.; (2 500)
L (100)
013 j
•

1,000

11111111111111111.11111
2,000

mil
.r„er

3,000 0 10 20 0080.
30 40 50 60 70 80
Rotating lime- hours 90 100
(2)
• it Vj v .1,11_, LI. (1-10) jc..411

LK;
.1
Jr-t-11 " (2-10) JK..t.11
• JA.4- I ,..t-10-? JILL?
;-;) :Aj L Jam-1
)1:J1 (34) L41,4 r..6- (10000) c
s-.. • &LC
r (110)
LIA
(128) rt„Vi
I I,: 4.; L.,
.1.1Z 0.21a; . J.; LS .
IjI

—
 1,000

2,000
3,00D

4,000
; 5,000

g 6,000
7,000 (haled will, gas

6,000
aD00
80 - 90 100 110
10.000 40 50 60 70
10 20 30
Dining days

" • (2-10) 3C—th

Y••••:
...1•
CA:•1•6A3 ;••.•:1;'," L.111

; )6- (15)j I
41‘ c.A1
:114 ;.),.4L!
40)11 (e.)3

.11.4J 41.1.. ii3kr

L1.113- cx. ( ;■.1 .c..).4,)
:L‘Jh j1.4-1
Joy.11 j
,10.L.■Sn
•Al..t.J11 e .1.113
(4:, j.1.11
4,11
j ..L,-;•14 SY:A
;At) i . (Drilling Fluid
ja.1.1
( 3 — 1 0) jr■...th
21)4 cLL,J J-
(shale) JiJl UJj
4:0-A4; i.A23
i t c-t..jjt.11
0.3.x
J.:1J t
le:14 IALIt up,
(chertb 1,S.3 )
i k:49 Lis
(:".•
(-13 (1500)Li.._•p :6114
(10000) b.c, •Li
LtL..<3
0;:Lzi-1 ( 2-10 3.‹.....11)
(15) J;).0..- (128)
3 ) U4 . L4. 1c..A.)..s. 0311
c4...1...p A 1(:r-' J
) ti
i.L1- v -
Z..1.4.--1
(mid)
.
-W e
 Depth-1,000 feet
CO

cn
c7

Drilling rate - ft/hr

 zass( jwi i i) c)1 _ (t:.1;)

.1,11 „A.1.1 ..4.11,111 (1,1J )

J1.)Z.4-1 1,11
1431}--4-1
LilL11 j ()WI ,I) r 1 —
Lii.L1.1 Oa . )3.4.z,, ji;.1

(Severe Lost-Cigcblationasea) L. 1
411, (Sevsitire ProdycingFomations) c,11.1.11 _ 2
toki . I 4oLi.1
j1,11 r i.u.:...I cia-11 3 _
tir;),.II 41) (Air-Hammer)
. ( .1,11
(DWI c„. L.)‹.5.3
: ;.41 4.t.;,..-L11 cr. .„..1S (;:, &L.!,

( }SI .)11 yr c 1) (.31.4:1 J.4.7 _1

,I)

. .1,11,i) c)..„1.1;v — 2
DifferentialpiPeGuL1 _3
()t.;JI .31) . (sticking
J1_1.2; _4
0 1 54 fiLl ruP (i.)1 ;J,"at' A-11 ° yor f:--11 )21 1 A - 5
(eirosioriAy.:, c„‹..1.3 t (31.01 ,i)
•.
J1.4 .11411%11.V ($)1 ).0 2..4j1.4..1 4-1411 _6
. (Frozen. Zones) L31.1.:1.1 L:,.
.1,11 04)1.24;..
..1 —
;31.:r ,i)

1N/1'
„A. 4-• ..tv• e
 W13 lyi,L 11112.:„... (3-10)
Volume Requirements For Air and Gas Drilling

ciJI
o ;t.0 ()WI ;1)
,L4-1 c 1.L 3 6.11 .
,15,1t? 3.L.;
. (L.4- py;S ;1;•1 plyti (:;•
11 )1.-4 CA:3 cia.11 03..(L.3
J.A.11 1.1L.2;1 41) z.L.Ltil
. (4-10)

jim tia. (4-10) J.S...t11

 _fr<1 ej.1 (_)W1 it) ,I).1 I Ii 4.
4.41:L1
-. 1)1.1.4 (DA I Cr 1.-.!

Czi
c,..3 (Solids Slugging) .-k:1,,,11 la:0 jI
1, j1

ci.11 vA( il;JI ii) L1 ji61

JJ d2. IL) j uza)1 1/7.1
csall c)11 JJiJ (differential Pressure)
Optimin)
. ;)11.411 4.131j (flbwrate

I: I I. c,.;_)I
LLJ c:.,)1,61 I 0..
,i 4I c..,LL...J (Minimum-Volumetric requirements)
. (5,4,3)
cy.
4.. 11i (Foam) j (mist) 311)1 ji p1,4 c:,11.1..s.
J....t; (general Correlation) La 1.01.s.

limestone-) jy.4s..A0 AL I Cy. (7,6,5,4,3)

LLLi.. (rocks
r .).; 3000 J.A...41..) t. 35J (15.24)
1.3.A J .
• ;J:•••11-. '0‘iy".2.! 1.4 1 c.-A411;•-• '41+-

Porticle Dynamics (1-3-10)

4•1.2...z....1.1 ;WI T j.1 I r1 I
. (Flour-like powder) c.....12.11 C).(.;J1
2,e j.4-,..J1 Zi.4a.0 yj ji.‹..11 ()Li
(Idealized) Z...31:11 (5-10) j..C.::.J1 .
. ;LA JJJI j (Typical)

'NV o
itci tie 4J1) .
(Calipers) J~ cri. 5 (5_.
cla cr:J1) t.41 . iycw,
( 0.04
;..4:11 . (Settling rate) ‘,..—}111
4.11 )
• . (Screeningt,ZI}JI

A
0,,,eE h
Idealized limestone Cutting

(3)ut.:I ,t) (5-10)

1V1
1..1(Dp ) 3A
cd-z
= Dp -... '(1 - 1 0)

JAI 4.-it j) 4 11-7 -•

. Dp Lt.; oti
41-13.! JO ( ‹1 .111
L.1 Dp (Overestimates)
)1111 . (Underestimate) dLi.A.11.!
A.1,13 OA ji(diSkS) uol.,.613 (flakes) (y; L+'.)1 4, rJ1 DP
_;.S1 ()az (Slivers) c.111..::.113 (rods) (:)L....:LaJJ
4.1-4

I/ (Sphericity) 4,̀31.(J1
:
O

(Os ) ... (2-10)

o < < 1.0 0,.<;.. 1.0 = 4), c)3.<3.5

Ct-!1-• 2.441 ),. 1J(&) C-5 1:/q/ • (51i-T JIK"..)11
(3) 0.9 3 0.6

Jaz...; 411 ;-41

j.c (drag force) (:ju 63lc_11
$3;-11, (gravitational force) 41.!:41
401,-.4 31 (Terminal'" Velocity):L..114.:_11 ;,z,t;
.( (ill., (Free-Settling Velocity)
( 1.1,)
[ 2gmp ( p p - p f ) 11/2
u, = (3-1U)
p pp fApCD

. = u,
=g

1VV
 .a I ZL-S
. — Pp
. ,1)31 31) 3 l,01 ZiltS =
;51).11 o f l a, all 2.....1.11J (Projected area) at-1AI* = Ap

I
CD

c ( CD )
. (Particles Reynolds number) 4:4,41 ..L1
: (Rittenger's eqt) JI k3 -10)

u, —
[ 4gDp ( p p — i li2
3 p fCD ( 4 — 10 )

L;li(rising Stream) .u.Lo)LL. Ut! 0.6.),1_43

Fluid upward _ec.0 :. (51) J.c y l Li I (.33.1....3.1
: cf. (Ship Velocity) ci.;;YI c±1.1,11-; (U f) ce (Velocity
Us = Uf — Up
( 5 — 10 )

= Us •
tl lll
. .1,11 jr.)U t11.11 Za_j— = U f
.at1 . = Up
• (i) i
.;)!I j— L;,y.; A (u t)
L.11
= Uf Ur

( 6 — 10 )
: aJlJI 6.5)0 4g.
= U s 0 = Uf
1-1
.( tILLI LiL c51) •• . 0 = US A Ut = f rio ■
(se (SI) = US C Ut r Uf
• (U Uf)
eUI JL)U • • • 0 < Us Ut
<. U f L.
(Ur Lid

1VA
 ;414.J1 4_1-11 Ai
:L ç, kiey1J ce..}13 • L I 41A—.11. jLzI
(Sandstones) Z-1...)1
2g Vp ( pp pf ) 1.03 ]0.5
U, = [ ( 7 - 10 )
A, P

CE; = 0.94

(Shale) 1J.11 _ Li

( pp pi ) 1 . 0 51( )0.315 10.5

2g -Vp
U, = [ D

Dmax ( 8 - 10)
L c,; Ap Pf

< 06
Dmax

(Limestone) 3::.-1.<J1

V )1-05 Dm., 123 5 0.<

).
Pp - Pf
U, = 2g ( 9 -10)
Ap P Dmax

0-6
Dmax <1

= 0-95

. L}C,..Js :
. • OC-e = Dmi„
•• Cy‹.e / =
= Vp
. Z.C.74-1 = Ap

1VA 0
 — : 401.1,1.1_ tl;01 .12.;..all 1.34 (2-3-10)
Annular Preuune Drop
Li (Gas-Solid mixture) ;-:-1-.2.11 3W1 cA3..71-
3,1 (L5.1. j ‘.13.11.? I
1,41 SLJ1 j 1.3 c (14,2 %4
A oiy61. )111
cd1.2 _,:- (Bernoulli equation)
-1%zi J11' 4.-PI Cy' )t -J . J4. 'Ai) -11 3- — )1-0
(Q) 14_11 .; JAI LP
trs, (1) .7...61Ji x r ce .0111 c;olizi.43
%JIM LIA.4 5U.11 . (6=10) LIK:j1
. Z11,01

(3) .11111
,ILLL . (6-10)
c)1; (11.1.1.3 c 3.-LJ1 .,L41 (,)1 ,2.11)
Ai au< ,)At e 3i;JI I
J"*".iI 4.13:, cja c
c "ill Zi cr
. 440
Kinetic energy) 4. .:.LAJI 3131_, (Static head)
1i.11 (24,o _ v...)11 (of Solids
• ViLLI
1A.
 ng ( h2 — h i ) U W
P1 — P 2 = P P APf ( 10 — 10 )
gc

Wp W W + 1 )
= pp( 1 — E) + p fe =
Up
= P fe
Uf pW

11 — 10 )

W = U o p f = U f p fe ( 12 — 10 )
- Vp pp (1
W p =- &) ( 13 10 )

. 2 411:.11 = P2 1 -= 131
ZiL'S = P
. di c j 4 (2) 3 (1) &.1. - 1.;:11 .1..1' h2 31,11,
=g
.4.....4-1 2-ci— = Up
(Mass velocity of solids) 4.1.231 = Wp

.t;i1 4.,;31.11 4.J.J1 = W—

. e.J1K.::,-1 otai = A Pf
. Void-Fraction (E1,111 El}..11 4.. = &
jr.) 31;.J1 = U.

(10-10) 4JA.21 I'S A.,

U W
--E—) ( p fU 0 )
.L)
j2 (
P P W — rzt— 10 )
g, )W g, •

tial.3 141....-"Z
Lr.y-2;
Up = Ur Ut (15-10)

(Friction loss term)

[,I aai ().‹.€ 4:114 Basnacle Rose 1,S; .J11.5 . 3).
( o.
-1&:-211 (.;■ .Lir I•-7-v-

1 CS I . ;44Ln

AP f AP I./ + ppIs ( 16 — 10 )

1AN
 :
= A Pfr
. Jai; Ai = A 'FS
eqt.) 3).,4-111 dLLi 3 ; ( A PFF) y L.,;3.).43
: (Fannings
2F p 2L
- fU 17-10)

• (Fanning Friction Facts) (.1..L;LO =

. =
= Dt
(ft) K....a. * 1 34L. (:)1.1 (3 )
L L

3 x 103 < N g
< 105 C.),c. t.• PfU O D 0.25
F =0.0791 (
n'S

10- < N Reg < 108c),.S., Ff =0-0008 p f ti °Di '-0237

)
-4- 0-0552 (
Pf

pf U
U.0 NR
Pf
• Ui = 1'1f

Basnacle, Rose 1..las.1 (16-10) 2.1.0,.S1

VI Ii LL 4JJ 4J4
• (3)(AP fs)
1
2
APIs = P APIf ( 20 - 10 )
8 F1 Pi"
W

•
• &.5 = fp
 o"mei U.l .76Q I jta (3-3-10)
Pressure Drop Across the Bit

c..A.)L1.1 }..11 j)
. (gas flow through chokes)11 J 31:31
: j U.11.
, (orifice) "adiabatic-Fridtionless"
3-11 (Q)
2

Q = 155-5 CAP1 G
2gT
k r( P2 k

k—1 L Pi
I+k
10.5 1.
( 21 —10 )

j.‹.1 r (...■ "11 = Q : cam.. -

(Mscf / d)
. I a>s31 f ao (discharge Coefficient) 6,x:.11 C
. area of nozzles ;)1.,1•1 =A
/ 4.4.1;,) (upstream pressure) J..4-41 Ja.ks,611 - F. 1
2
/r -/i 32.2 = g

( 1.0 = ,1,411j ) it;di =G

• (R) c C7(..;I ) t )1 j...4-1 ;..27).) = T
(Specific heat ratio) .)(0..i =k
;j1 4 j1 _Judi =

/ (downstream Pressure) c...;.11 = P2

0.6 = G, 1.25 = K, 0.86 = C :
°R 520 = T,

: j L.J1 j‹..1.11.? (21-10) '41.)1.1.1

Q = 138 API F 1:2 ( 22— 10 )

lAT
 1•6
z
. ( 23— 10 )

•j (P B) (Pa) P2, P1
(P2) F ;Jt..L11 s,, f .145
. (7-10) j.<_:J-1 j (P1 ) j

j k:(3'2) . (7-10) ,,Lc...:J1

(3)
•jz-ic.J1 J)14:

C,L2 ja:JL
A 1 ,11 0 1-1).?' v L? " ■11""
I. (if; (Ey (p2) (bit) o,iu 106- 31.01

lAt
 Air (Gas) Drilling ( 31) .1311.! (4-3-10)

cAzi 4.)1 y. 0.1311 c l.x.4.1...,1! jAJ-

zia-.134
(.r) i±J I 1t (Lt.L.:L
cp-1' El JO 3.4-..cj 111.4;1
(;21,'%;-3 4.)Li A-11
Ai • (11-11 Ei fin ;••"•11
42 Lf (UfDd L.- I Ji (UfD)
Dj2, -
„p
DC
( 24 -10 )
U FDC — D?)j,

'a. .ilia:W. ) j,•0 = fDp :

jULII = - UFDc
y:J1 = DH
= DDc
= DDp

(8 f) JU-Al

UFDP ;—Ji 01 .4 (4 24../lai ;.)14. (7) Ut ilai

v U FDC
Lio4; 631-; ja.11 Lila:, Li )L01 : cs.
j

6,w
(1L.a;1Ji: ) 1 u.:1)
(Critical diameter _ ').111 &a ISO i)4J1 1.513
J1JiLiy., (3W1 j1 ,1311 ya3 ) j2j.1.7-11 14.i) cpi
Y1-4..t:1)11
e . (fluidized bed)
JUy. e

4.5yi , (reground)
t. (441 ..da.a )1.4.7-3
j 1 .;)4..11 0.3J■

ji (terminal velocity) it.31441 1..4-7kr-

;.4-LA
: 41) Lith LLJL 3W1 ;1
1 10ait
 j.A3
12)6 . ( 8 -10 (j.‹..lit
(Lean-phese lift line) J,J0
t.:4; z1,..1.1 (mass feed ra te)
4.J Lt.. (Superficial velocity)
;14)1J
.c.
C).,-(.; (A) . (7-10)
4:7; ti) (lift time) e_,..11 t>.:)
j;
;4,4)1 SIS 61 4- (B) ZJai:J1 j I (A) ;$'1".L..11
.)1.5:,..! (lift line) i J1 zip j 61 . 1.12.?1
. ..1a;.,:a (Static head) c.? L'_11
frictional)
t.,
,.:.A (AIL?. 4.11a-j. 0 lb
(resistance
. B—A Ja:LI

A
C —

Static head
1 predominates
Frictional
resistance
predominates
I \.

I Choking velocity
1

i
Litt vetocitv

(3)_
44,411 4111 _
( 8-10) ,J.c.11
L.L.&11 _ ;WI
111) ..64/1 ,x11.11 :110. jts (ABC) v.:.14.1.11
ElJill CA...A.1 JJA. tLC (B) J1 (A)
I at. Z..)1.F. • Ja;,, Ll 1
(C)
SuLiJ1 (C)) JI
. laoL7-1 31) 4,.a DWI j e_t*

1AA
 ;A6 j 1 :t.c.f..11 (C) j 1 (B)
_51 ) cJ j1 44, It
ditifi 4;1= 'II Li
(DiCsLi
(C)
_t11_, 31.01 (bulk de'risity)
di1.5 ()W1 ass. : c:51) )1.0
Li . (choke) ,l (slug)
j..12.3 G (choking velocity) (c)

Let -A;•----1 A (lid) (Uch)

La?) . 01,4 ,i)
u,,,) (:) Wi ,i) p112.1 js.
o.JR j c):2)J
.

: 61) p1as J. si (8-10) L}.(:-11 e:

(9-10) Wp Lyn, JI ,)1311
.51311 cy.
JA-42 = W 41 ) 30 P1,11 ,L }. Z:--- 1 L'i(Wp2)3( Wp i)Z:-L211
,t) ul.Yt J. (solids feed rate) Zi4J1 zip
:LJIL (i41.4.1
...(25-10 )
A H PR ) Pp
Wp = AN

2
. 2 c 4.4 4 ,:, I I = An
/ ( 1 jI) =PR
3r .J.1/j.17) G ;44%11 z13.11 1.15" - Pp

. 2r c .L1,111 AN

(Critical Conditions)
c).)3,11 i3 L.L.„..:4-t :541.4.11 )UJI
:
: Z-1U

Wpo, pp ( 1 - t„ ) ( U„ U1 ) _426-10)

.• 2r 11- Wpch
6.... ;s711 Li ja.11 0).1: ----
 ▪
•

Choking
velocity for
solids rate
wp,

C.,11111 Z...1..AJI 415 11 _

• ()I. = Wp) Z:1411) J1.41 o( jig•I ;WI CAI,:
. (9-10) JJI
(Wp2) -' (Wp ;4.4.11 41,11 ‘).
d

• 3)( ji) 4/1.44M,Latn

1,11

. /c-is
. =1.30,
/r-41 C:J = Ut
Zap... 4.; Le (3) Othmer j (Zen)
Velocity)
Lo:01 (Uch)
cry (U,$) U. ciS (Saltation
r-1.; 'Cr (Uch) (*);<:;i • vd-xil CA, f-,•ll
. (Tics) jI .÷)
L;UJI it) '1,11 4.1.1A4 (5-3-10)
Optimum Air (Gas) Injection Rate

611LA (9-10) j (8-10) jI

(3ottomhole Pressure) J.DT
cv ICI tta,
)1,;,11
)- 1;JI CSJ jlal jji- W1 C)t?."4-1

IAA
 ( • • U11.9 v , J I , u (.1" 1°-11
jj . ye _)WI c,l2.) 01:3
,c7r &J.
- I 0..1.. u ( ..) L;JI .51)
cia S I c:,14_1 33._3 ;t• L.7 II Pij 1.21.. I _Ai,. t
. tli ti, j1 (.4s1
,1,11 cdla.4-
: gsdil

L;I _1
• .)1--4-1
Jam, DWI co ls JaM~ 3 WI 2h J *.i_:—,L11 j...t.d1 I_2
.(10-10 ( .1) ja.4-1
t l; f:: (Standpipe Pressuie) J.;-z1 _ 3
. jI
_4
}.1 (PB)
ar)
I s. 61; 1)1.4-13.
.i.11
A.3 . c.1,11 ;fiL11
Le _41) ;_fr:KII L.I . •.• LL I L.
7 :81—
. E1yi.11 4 si
;LILL (Q) c,14-1 (Psi) 5
.
zi},41-1 -1"-6 J (..) LiJ1,1),.1 311 6

4.G.1 JUJI I ,(5) ji (1) 7

Cj• 4.7•41 (JL C C.),)13:)1 (Pm) c)1_, Jazi
8 -10 j.(c.ci► Lict—■ U JAI _ :J UJI
, DWI ial2) (JLA

1AA
A 0
 . .11
111 )4, (Pm) iU.LJ.LJ .1.:.;..11 r cj.4.7.11 . (10-10) ‘,11,....t11
„LC 4..4 Ne 1200 J..A tm., (0.8) ZiLS :Lit; 40.:"....1.1
(3) _ 1
Luc (4 ,1.1 3,1
2

J co JL1 LJ j,t;11 04:Y1 Li ji.1.1 _8

• (Psi)
..3-11 d.s.1 - r _AL I I e _ 9
141" ci 6J1 J.1.11 I.'ut t4
S. . (PBi ) J
J1J.-j r tli (Solid loadup) UJI
. I
 : (1-10) JI.t.
„Li' 01ST G lGL 8 A ;J.. (0.8) ce_,i (DI, 33 ;1 Jai
t3JI 4-12- ya l".4- I
,_}.:16.11 (.:•-;LS . (Ragular air bit) j.13.11
. r.6 9843 4.a 1A .)1_,.11 (Shale)
.). t;JJ /j.IT) (131) ail.! .L4-1
(DI (JA . (1.77 MMScfd : (51) (:),ti. (1.77)
? Li...a Li. ecils" 3t;..11

:
„T- Ja.. 3.3 .)10 . (PB1) ;}U.1 t
1229 31) / .1 it+ Hu (1.77)
1200 Ja...f .jt;JI (gradieut curves) vx-11
LL:_,z
. (10-10)

150 = (PBi );_7i14-1 II Jua11 ote (9-10) J.C..."JI

131 oiLll (Pinj) (167) = 31] crl.5

cy,L cv le . _2
17.46 jllail L.,;:,A (4.. 222.25
%J, tall (P B) .
(21-10)
P, 4-17 x 10 -4 Q J GT
F ( 27-10 )
P Bi A

a .1.nc 1.114 = (A) ‘!„.it.d1 c),‹; c.,13

• ter
: J owl t °R 660 = (T)
) (4-17 x 10 -7 ) (1770) .\1 0.80 x 660
F PB - 0.091
PB; ( 1.114 )( 167 )

(6- 1 0) j.‹.:111
 0.091 = F 09. = B
PBi

3-kas. / LAJ 159 = (167) x 0.95 = (PB)

8 = 159 - 167 = (PB -PB; ) )1.s. J03-:-/6 ,5j(Pia)
;1"4 1A / t3-4
2JLJ J.LU jWI iLS . Ji ZiLtS _ 3
PM
= ZRT ...(28-10)

=P
(Molecular wt.) iy.:4-1 63,11 = M
(Gas deviation factor) 3 LOI Ui J1l = Z
3t:JI =R
=T
/(Dj,ji3i0.52 = ) .)1,11 -d.11.1.23
° E1,1JI :)UJI
_4
ll. E I fiJ I .(:),Ke, I . 1.;,) I
8- z I :).4. I ye
: ( (Uf) E I}.11 .)1;JI 2.11d

(MMScfd) 1.77 = J.A.1 ;L.A;. / 8=U f

141C':..
. :LS:4
I "a". (.4 Lk/
4 311 L‘j " ,:r.
L.14L; 5
:JAJU b-(5-10) JJL 01.11

ei„) ;..xas. 0.1 = t

(z.jj jilain ) 0.4 = b
0-25 = -41.1J

J.1., 165.4 = P, (:),$Z

LJ (8-10) Z1zl.11

2 x 322 ( 01 ( 165.4 — 0.52 )1.05

U = 0-5
1-1 12 ) ( 0.25 )0.315]
0.52

0
 = 11-55 r=4 ( fps ).

Elia 4 ( 3w1) (DA jL.Li J.S I ti J I o J. j.ti.:•.;i

cy. ti).1 is 3L;..11 - aas :..JIo,A

,
t1
. ( r- 9843 c,51). tli

vaiLi ti).0 4 .)1.0, L,;,_7;45

:)te I 'J.) t cfc- -Y.') it)
:01 (51) (i) ysi :
)LOI
.)3 )WI '(D."‹.... / rt.3 12,55= Uf
;WI • . (MN/Rad) 2.84 ,s4 (Q)
11 j1
(5;.51 vie.; 4J1 L.4. I 0 ..4b cle
. ..) 1Adt _Lk; .

Lifting Capacity : iy4.4,11 -

Li to (6-3-10)
tr:L jy._,4.11 t11.
. ;41 J. (;lam i t LPL)
: c,>1 (.51

Lc )
.;6.t1
Us Uf
...(29-10)
Uf c
.:L, / f.. ;WI (A1,ia- = Uf

• / r.a i "Lt-4 1 li1S1 = Us

el. (min.velocities) 2.11LA

/ r—Lf (120-100) .13.1.4 ce ti) C.4.;
. (f L4.11 fr_,.4- (3000) j
cr. ciaL 1 EI111 fc,3
(Z1-4th ~,,,~ L Y1 c.,-1) -Lc
: (Us) *kc.
 [ 4g Dp p p 10.5
U= ( 30— 10 )
3 CDpf

ZN.A., Pp p fA ) (30-10) ;10..11 Li), (,.v..a.,3

:UUJI Jzt....11 J1.74-I
4g DpppGP j0-5
GR =
3 Co 53-3T ( 31— 10 )

LAI / 5 j,11 c.k. 4 — GR

Pf AN Us =
. 4l .712.1 = Dp
2
. r.6 = AN
3
r-6 /();.3 J-12) ;31:S = P p
• 3 r-A; C.3:A5 _.)1.:J I zil:S = p
• ..) W-1 .)•;i1 G
J1 =
3
r jio c ilaa; 1 -.Us: P
= CD
. i j1 .74.1 ".■; j.) = T

. = (53.3) (2,4-3—)

r j5 .7-01 alzit l 143

211.; C.),<; IJJ ;41 j1.1.1-3 J.J.1 Ll Lt..> .41 'Jul lJl
di-us A) . °.1•11-!-• L; )11 cri.) L3,1 V' 1-1)1* .)3A11 Cb
)(41j diLl j lLtk? viL.1 El :11
1.1.. OA) . El Jlj ..i_La 4- :111.J1
t.
.JI iL I

1.1." (Particle lift)

x.„(LLaJI .51.41) JJI
LrS j c5.3; 1.1:P • LLJI liI;Al)
t Li Li .1.:J...,=11
 •
•

(Zone of solids accumulation) t4.

4:1313.. 41) ) I 4.1.5L11 L.— Ai 4 - a41 3.)
44-r

: —

p
14 Dc — U;D
h = ...(31-10)
2g
: -

.r Z:1-211 31311 L...14 =

(1-1-4-1 El}-11) LJ I ;kJ.- = U FDC

}JI UFDP
• 2.-t-;
_2- / Ai' 32.2 = I g

: (2-10) J Lt.
O :
_LLD 8.75 =
..ac. 5.00 = „LI. 1 ,12.101
. 6.75 = U-I
4
z.;t 4..4 25 = U FDP
I 1,.1.1 —ik:, Jab
k

: JI
UF0c ) :

AD? 8.752 - 5.002 )

= 25 = 25
U FDC 8-752 - 6.752
ADc /
f -6
= 25 ( 51.5 = 41-5
31.0

h U2FDC- U 2FDP
2g

O V% 0 A
 ▪•

( 415)2 — ( 25)2
64.4
= 17-1 r-
(s1 ) ZiJa:11o.i J ;..1.,2J1 ,D1.5. 111
c, cfr (
(31i
L4it ( 34i ii) .).?"
(Circulating pressure). „23.1.:J1Ja j ZL„olit-1 Zait.:11 oi

a. 5.0,6 jykl.i 21.4.6 v.4

• J43,-,-zil

Horse Power Requirements.: (4-10)

(awl .1 3IL! }-;-1

31 )
Ji ) "41- f° 1
cy. . (Compressors) (Regulators) .
-
(.. .A1;•113
Li'LB
ji . 01,11 c;. 31.5.11
ji •) i Wt cAU.1
high) J1LJ..
J..x._</Z.1 cJ1 . (Pressuse gas
:to 6/61 c.,11a.1-:, c),.< ...la; 611 L jig .L:_p
(type reciprocating-) cp.5.}th t);-11 }-4-1 I
(hosepower) Li- ;ii (Work) (j.i..:,11 c,t : t1.74
t3;.31i tj.

t)1 0:.1j:j1 j (W) J Ji c)..‹.F.

L
.
p 2
W Q dp ( 32 — 10)
J p1

:
. _ 53.5 3.1.) (Work of Compression) ,l.t.5,-;a1A1 W
. U çq JI 3= Q
2
.1i jia.) c.4I =P

TV%
 C = PQn : 4..(11
(32-10)- Z1.)l.11 (P) (Q) A
(Single-Stage Compression)
-1
n ( 33-10
W= —1
n—1 1)1 [ ( P,
P2 )

,lyll (DI 4 I 11.4.:.; 645

41.E J (n) (')‹.5.3 . 1.4 = n

n—1
T2 P2
T, P, ...( 34 — 10 )

1.3 = c ( *I341J) 1.4 = =n:

°R = Ti
°R s,1 .J..1 = T2
2
r
1.;-11 - Pi
2 -
Ly.1
...k1 (:)t.2 4.1 = Q1
P1

1,5i.,;211 3 j1 .74-1 s:..J.

4-!Zi L.a., ;51* ji (33-10) (:),<.c. . ;+-11,- Z.11.1„-0.11
• _ HP 4.4 — 550

n ) P Q1 P2 ------- / ] — ( 35 — 1 0 )
HP= ( n — 1 ) '550 [ ( P, )

4( :AO ji) olyLt? j.J..I i......J...s. La i...,1.141l ;,...a.,,L4-1kii.11 = HP jfi Lt.....,-.

(;.t.,I3 11,-.).1. Z...;4_,L.4-1 6.31.11)

%........".•LI i,11.‹..11 ...).,..4- ce .0 :"...,5111.11 ;,....A...=.1-1 :i5;.11 c.,,...z ..)..:..

z.j Lli z1,,L,11 ce 4 ev , (Volumetsic efficiency)
1 ci V
 I I
= ev
I

2-1-) ..L.1 o.tq.SJI 0.u.

Compression) ILA...a; YI Z2 lv: .1.311 :i.;1_,13—.1 ty:3 (Piston)
C.r(Ej (Clearaw.ce Volume) cLJI I .i . (Stroke
La- r_741 ciL
: 4:11 .;I
Vc Y
. ( 37 — 10)

ct, = Vc •
c5 :.:11 = Vt
. c5 j.11,J1 =y

P, n
e=1+Y—Y p
1 )1/ ( 38 — 10)

%80 - 75 LIKJI (:),K; Li

s134 j.,114 • c9t
( P2
) .4—; c)ji C.)1,1 (38-10) tAll cmiC.,i
Pi
A;
L

.
. (two-stages) (DA3 1: 5 Le
jp- 1.,11 I .1, 1 Li Z.z;LA21- 1 L;)<L,
&Ai Z.L.- JSJ JJI y Z.1...1.y (multistage compression)
• c);:u.-.,
: y. (two-Stages Compression) C.4.23

WT = W1 + W2

n—I

n n
T= n 1 ) Q1 [ 13
12%1 )

"VIA
 ▪
▪

—1

P2 IT ( 39 — 10)
—2

j _511 jt.4-1 .12;,...'zJI 1......,11 .b.;.-L(1 =

: :J6-).l -4...2;La..4.-1 0.5.,<;3
2n —

2n PI Qi P, 2n
_ 1 ]... ( 40 `"L" 10 )
1-1P =
n—1 ) 550 L

(2) (i„.11. ()Li witsl U.:a;

LL.;: ;._;l.J.I I cd ( 1 1 - 1 0) j.‹..:-11 c,;2)2 .
. (40-10) ZW..11
: (R) L,KJ (Compression ratio) JA,L..11

j PP21 j‹J R

i;),..a.L5
01? 1:14.i 6 11 5 > ( 1:31
. 6< P 2 < 36 Z:—..J1 11 .
Pi

jUJI ji) p154 .1_ .4:.)1,1,•., (5-10)

Air (Gas) Drilling Equipment

( ..) L01 il) 1:1A

• *1311.! i.4-1 r0:1
- 01.,4" L.1) (1 2-10) .L}. ‹...t.11
cal x.11 0~ i mY

Blooey line : (1-5-10)

(exhaust air) ‘.1,11 (Blooey live) ‘...;14)..,2:JI J.
L),<ei (Flare Pit) jI
cr<- 03k ) te;.--; }-<1 ji r ...6 300 .) ja.# I Li
 ▪

Horsepower requirements
Cr cn Cr O cn
(-11 ---1
O Cr Cr Cr Cr 0 cn O Cr O Cr
0 0 Cr Cr Cr Cr O O O O
O

Cr
L

C)

CD

? '';;-
U0
CD
DD C.)
00 O
fD
e.)
O or,
ice .

v
Ca v
fD
fa , .
LP
0 N
....
c.-
...... 0 0
cD -0 -0
0 s. s.
Q

v..
 . ç iüiEly0
:Lc;- .( ;I) L.,3t;VI 1.:11
11 31) tbLiA LAAI

. (12-10) utJI

Bleed-off line •otti;L:J1 L,,,t_;1 (2-5-10)

JJ 11) 0.4:t1 (Bleed-off line) yit;1

yjtAl j (rotary hose) (1).)1.1 j.11.1-1 -) j
(J. L)
I . (float-valve) 31.1..11 (.41 (t.jt;l j (kelly)
"-'.1 -*-• Yr:Al

chemical pump : LLJI iJ a.. (3-5-10)

(Liquid ZI.IL.11 •) 1 311

j ,1.113 (corrasion inhibitors) cj.((::11 foamers )
. ..1a;,..,;;JI

.JALJ j_La

Compressors :b.Lii (4-5-10)

/J.16 125 -1J.J.4) j . (Boosters).

L.) Jii ( psig _
t9.11 1.1J, . (Boosters units) A:—`11 cL-
. t. (.4 1_9-11
• 01$1• C7*. Li<J s t+Lu J4 CJI•63

VcLLLJt6La9
(Positive-displacement)-j11 ty.; (1)
j i )1.3 .1.11 ty:JI (2) , '5?1 cej (Piston-type)
yL J. (rotary or Fan type)

V.
 0-
GI

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ea a

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-13
0 a
0
J. 0 40 n
G.... < < x-
0 0
0
0 clo co
0

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cp

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Ji o anssai d moi
alnssaid 96!H

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: Lth

,23.z11 cl2,11 1.1.; c.-,11LL.L11 1

44.1 • Cl•-e ce J411 J. • 3-11-3-3J ()Cs•C
H 200 Lire
jI 01,11 j6.11 Lil JJ J (rig-floor)

Uli ;L J Ja.LJI ij u...

,4.711 47%11 a,..-3; _ 2
31 j13z11
ca jC4-1 .jl..11 (UJI 31) 01311_4,A; Lut
1
fi‘41 (111)./ ii J c:-41 °Ii-m= I • _1 J I•1J1 Lra-143 ‘t-4-- 3
. ci6J1 rte1.1 cf. c;l:JI
.11L.. (Starting system) cy. _ 4

;)1-12- Lf•4 —
ji .
cAL:JIL1 I j )Ll I JI J2JI$.111
31

Boosters : 3.4LJI (5-5-10)

/ L4.4) 1200 jly.f)
....kg. * co:
. (Psig _

Bits : (6-5-10)
(

)31o (gage' protected) ()Lail cer)L1-1 UJi

(Jet-bits) i_ILLJI (Sealed beasings)
(Regulas bits)
. JUI
V. t
 1 ( j i) zAt,
(Unde r. gauge) c9..,Lail EL.Z
ji-13 vr l. l J14I.L U.I . y jle.1

Kelly : (7-5-10)

t1.11.1 j
(Square-kelly) t (hexagonal-kelly)
. (rotating kelly packer) I, al I Y I J:Ac.

floating Valves : fyuJl cil•Lo (8-5-10)

(top) j.cli (bottom) L-_,uto„ ( j; jj) Lvt;
j

01,11 jr. 431..11 rLail . j .J1 6:1_;; J.; X11,

jS
t. (making Connections)
.

I (9-5-10)
Drill pipe and Bottom-hole Assemblies
j tli
(:).),11 ti c.W3 t,. j . ( cA..1.1 ILI
.p?'t; 53.....1
ul;‘11 ii) 01 0,E I aitS ;11i..;" (buoyancy force)
. 241.;.1

_: y}:..;11 (10-5-10)
Rotating kelly packer

ji a )13.111 0.1fil &Lc D jli.d1 J3lc

(J j .

j t4iti to i r
V.0
A
 KELLY COCK -4-g,

4 IN. STANDPIPE

PRESSURE GAUGE
EED OFF VAL E
T- IN BLEED OF
LN TO FLAR

PRESSURE SHUT OFF VALVE

MUD LINE ADJUSTABLE CHOKE
RIG FLOOR LEVEL

RETURN LINE ROTATING KELLY ORIFICE METER

SHUT OFF VALVE PACKER MAIN BLOCK VALVE
200 FT FROM RIG
EXHAUST LINE FLARED AT
200 FT FROM.RIG
AIR OR GAS SUPPLY
3-IN LINE PIPE
CHEMICAL INJECTOR
MANIFOLD
TO SHALE SHAKER 1-IN PILOT FLARE
/HYDRAULIC BLOWOUT PREVENTER LINE
PIPE RAMS
BLIND RAMS
2-IN MUD FILL LINE

(0) JILL . (14-10) J..111

• ( s,.: )

,1,11 c2ILLL, (bell nipple)

. (mud flow line) ,-t.1a.11 (blooey line) .

: ,13411 (11-5-10)
Meter run for measuring air Volumes

(orifice meters) ;--la11 .1,11

%.13.11
 Solids Injectors L.14111 J1_,11 c.:,L16. (12-5-10)
)1311 ;
8;1. }J 3.4- .) (hole-drying'powder)
tly;Ti )1? 1J ai jiz 0°_)--0 ,L1.1
j 1 j.131 r I;LI -4,1J1 LLM cA 7JI .
c, uu.1

Scrubber (13-5-10)
,W %.31_)1 JJ( 4-4-1 34./- il)
:1,51. )1 ce .4 ;
. (:).. g

13 C.) LA I 10.0 (14-5-10)

Shut-in Valves and Safety Valnes
(air manifold)
J*1) ')I J.01 d&W., (Check VaTve) J,c11,1t11kJl
613.. : (,5. 1) 61t.c.) .1.1....af (
01YLi (D12 - i 1 j (J.—a r to° t;'j ` 3 • ( `Y, "2-11
(3.)11c L.L0 LJI AS jot
. 13

(iWI 31) LI.Ca., (6-10)

Problems and Disadvantages .of Air (Gas) Drilling

LIA . U..11 jl.,=1 ( LO

• c;11,A

Water Intrusion JSZ (1 - 6- 1 0)

i i) 0 1511 Z..4 j ,U1 Z1K:w JLIALL.

jI . II CjA
j-Ja;.... 6<J A CO ..C1
CA.: 'A.R., jUJI

V •V
 J.;.1.) J1 L.;. ;.1.711 .111 . .1).1
: ce Z1)1; J1
. 3> J.4.4 _ (Weep-zones) _
(50-3) (y.kzi J.k. _ (intermediate flow) J.z...1.1 _
. /
50 < _ (heavy-flow) j I...11 (A. J4-1 _

: Lijo L,
ii)
_

. _
. J31 Li (dragging) ; r l
(Chemicalpowder) ci .
01511 Ste. J1 .a1 o lta d.a
Calicum) .
1:31 1 ;.;14-1 (Stearate
) JS.o,) i.;3_,Ja11 L.11
. ;Ai.; s,r d (.W L1 5.;-.)

j (mist drilling)*.)1 .71l, .7J-1

Foaming) (*.• .2 .3 . 41/
; 4.11 ji) . (agent
?;1*.),114,1,1-1 i.,1.1.4..7...1L.4„ Li... 4,JL7J1 u154.1
:

. JL7..,111 _
. -
(bit balling) ;)U-1 c.)L-1 _
. j _
V.A
 I .1.11u.
. :)13.)l? ,iJtTk.).....i(economic limit) (.5.)L.,22..iY1 (;)1.3.).
:ULzJI 1.11 JLz)L,- L131,13 (31p-IJ. (rail J 1U

50 40 35 30 28 20 = 4L. /
2,5000 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,500 9,500 = LL

:J.iICAI).4.1
J.j..+-a 4 0.6.611 Lit,c11 j LL ç ij
J1) 01 34 LY.-.1 )1 (7~:---11 L id?50 (*.x
cy. t• „IA J L,..1J1 J, .LiWWI
0.11 ..K.A JUI
31) S
t3.; ()KJ,L1l,.-a..? 1..)14
.0W (:)c,); J 11

Bottom-hole fires JILL Ali (2-6-10)

3i) .134 ji,L1 j t.;311.. t

(LO1 31) .1311 f..0.13"j jUl Zi (awl
. 01j1 ;.pr t.l.i.;j1"ji
31;,J1
;Ian $.10
."..y)..J. 4.1.11 .1311 r 1- Li LAI

LzI J1}-;-1 "(.1-. ;W tli tY..61

kJl
Lj ,L,L.;-.5 )34,
ytt.11 .)3.1-311
L'11)3 tli .3J6- j
Ls.:1J13- « ClOsed-Vessel Condition ,3.1,11 p la,11 2.16-
.-< j
;-11'-LIL-1 -1 LL
J1 SI kiJ (,1,1) JIL. LiI

L..-*1-1.; JiI JU I ;./11-1

v.A AND
 Unstable bore-hole 41 'ZS...A.4 (3-6-10)
()51:-11 6.A.,-1 (bore-hole enlargemeut)
i i) ,131L c4L_Ls. ciJV
C' c ( t+:.? 4 1 ) ;-,J 1 ° 33. tjf-J
. (Sloughing) )1,./,:)11 j (erosion) ly :

3.<1-7-11 ji)
.
L}.-- .
;jt+:11
I (Cuttings) )3.24-all cy. (Sloughed particles)
. (boulders) ;
yid l LA Ls. i Lc.
41 Li i.2.".; c 1311 JI ()WI 31)
. "tearing-up"

Hole Deviation ayi..4.! iii I a5..."...4 (4-6-10)

L:A! -4..1.a.a.:J1 )01 j Le jW I (Le
ce t. ()s JI JAJ-I
jaly..11 I eira . J.113... ri 4-1c
: ;-.1L-J1
j_<1 aJ W I;)1..4-1
6ti (:)wi
):41 -
( jti,.11 ji) .1"11 (Dog-legs
. (31);...4.."11 3.0
Ai 31i C)t..1 Z.L.1 (7.24 .7.;j1 (:)1

al;, .).;..1_1 _/ .<1 (Shock loads) 31;.:.101

I 4-).;?- "L"-‹ j.N (5 -1-M JI

v \-
 I tri 4,4* j 1-4- Cys .0 0.11,
. L)......1—(Bottom-hole Assembly)
31 LO; 31) t.:1
(Pendulum Assembly) Z..13.).:_J1 . 4,41 (Crookde-hole)
,;3 . (packed-hole Assembly) 4 ;'1 1
; ; J.:, 11..q A4-1
(drill bushing ji.1-1 1.i1 31) (Stabilizers) cit.:I:11
ot?-1 X11 ii3 U-1 A-'71
(15-10) JC,:-.1 6..;0,23 . e (11
. A.J1 Li1/1

PACKED HOLE

Gravity Drill Bushings

(i) • . (15-10) J.Ctil

oi,A1
A
V\\ ara
 ;.c) (1) „A...IA di
41.t1-1-", 4,41
Lk:J.1 0C.A., (17-10) (1610)
• ( Li t-•4-11 tt,i4) ;41 0 c))1-?' JL lJ

stabilizer
stabilizer

30 ft. drill collar.

stabilizer \ drill collars

vibration
dampener

hole opener percussion tool

pilot it
bit
L

(1)
(Percussion Tool) r.L.LI .jl.pr t• I 4,41 _ I (16-10) J.Q.JI
(Hole-Opening Assembly) 721i1 _

V VC
 rest of string
rest of
string

stabilizer

Zone Ill stabilizer

drill collar
30-ft
drill collar

vibration
vibration dampener
dampener (when used)
(when used)
stabilizer

Zone II stabilizer
slort
drill collar

drill collar stabilizer

stabilizer
stabilizer
Zone I or reamer
or reamer
-bit
bit
Severe
Mild Medium
CROOKED HOLE TENDENCIES

(13 t1i,1 07-10) jr....J1

-

L5.1.11 l- j.;1 •15;i cjst.L.)11%. (7-10)

: ;_JL-JI ly A
Water-base muds zu ;_;l11 c,L.1,)11. —
Oil-base muds _ u
Stable foam _
Mist _
Air (or Gas) (31-0 *1 311 —

r LSI j ty; c).<4.3

j‘Jj
t1.01 tt;
;_41 J.c 4. ,061.1 431.A.5 Th
4A1o6:—.
Dia Lf &)1.a.* (3-10) j (1-10) LiJi41
. III

V VI'
 iiL.4ti (1-10) J3.41

i Li.11 j cr.J. i11 v.12./6 ct.1. 1 .1,11 31 .1,11 Ji-1- LA t.

isi 111.. 16Lzt c.,15 illze 3i tlui
C-1-111 iyi,111i

JP" I 4.:,(€ j, ,L7J 1

j Jic..; IS 1:0ifl afal_ JI
4-1 1.11... 111.4 ‘, ;411,J 1 -.
441,1-
* 1_ 1; 11- I J`Ji
•;-.J.
IIMII•11■ 10■11e1.

1 I I _Le. e jtztcà e K. 1:1 _Au 14.11 cti:;1

I L.1.1

1‘. (-a-Y‘;2 I
tS. 14,C-L-7 L--,1)-LtA Jai-a1 13 i..t,.11

,v11,11

& .;17.1c ',.•"-1 I LILO 141,

-L7x. 421
. JIA11
..L,1 1 col 1,11

(2-10)
J5;L7 LAS
.

lil 1 j IV 1 jil .1,11

1 1 1 1
• L....6,e 4 27 --8— c.;1 6 J1 .)4' j.}4 1
-1-
Jai-111

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L6 1.01 Lij )J' 0i1.01 j5i - i,k)1 4 liji. "-P-
,.;-...ii .a.11 e d.1..:ic.,-; JAial 1 e &I:4! .111 Zi...
..12 cl: i 1;.J1
15.:JI 13:,..11 • Z11-.;_ri I

v a:Zi i i
.L+1.-,1•11 614 J.,1 I. 1 Jar
0

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 (r— ti 3.1,7 a•-<.:

• di
L•irJ J-.40 31.er . .1,41
J
Jr-11 3J1 c'UY.)-C1) 31.-41 t.

,I.,... , 4.1......;• .--S...! ,....`,..... , 4..i.A. li-I J.1.A.• , i Le

, eqkc. j li
LJI c_..S., 4,1411 j..1L..11 . ,0J-51.zi.i ,.,,,i, ,..._, -3i Li 1..11 •
al.,11 u141 .1aAJL aL,LI t.;;11 -.
'-e.- ez.i-7., • Zi";
•Ille

(3-10) J341
(" 11..1J IUJ LL i

J.JI ,ij Z.s75)JI

Vy11 .)41

( /a) (

fiu1•1_ Li,L; 400 120 97 / 8

500 45 11 ,U1
7
j;:....11 I JI cbt
JJA. I

• i•OL;1"1 ;Jr.5 1ii 320 100 97 /8 40 JLAL2/1

1
e 500 40 17 — 100
2
Jtli; (31 443, 1:laj
I.

"4.-L-7 20 75 97/8 1.}ii i.7...1111

-ii-JI 4-;a:L: j Ut. 1
. JIM i ji.i. ii-J. L.1,1L; i..,i1. L 20 40 17 —
2 '
i.....41i 4c JA L.; Z.,11/ L i.cf-J I iJ 1.2i ;.:....A.:

‘:.e.j Le Jizi .),i.-All c, Li

_)J dUJ 1650 4000 97 / 8 :3 1VI

JI JL:A )11'*4n -
• e4I- 1-*
4,500 3000 17 —
2

46' •13.11
J1 JI•1•1_,t) )UI

V10
 (:) W I ) 1,1 1_ i:-.)11:14L cc. Lo )6; (8 -1 0)

0.1)11 (:)..(4i L j"..01 Li& j 03.;:, (4.a

:fir 3W1 ,I)
();"-: 4-2-U") • 01.511- U4_)333 la.);2,-
;1 ) ya.4-1 (j.4 (i11
i.p1;11 j I l;,12...;a? tr (I.)S a..)1-0.:.i11
C.:0.3)j a.;te, :tit:241
: (/

I) t+ilL cpi a L:74 jr — I

. I ( Sealed _
co, *1.4 1..J1 —
;13Li J&k..LII

(mud cake) c.,11:1J1 —

)t.:111 ‘1.4.1.1 &Jail
.
.1_t4 (JSt 31) csyc=4:11.1 ()WI _
• 4i1 .)-• (-1.C1=-•`• 0Y1-;-3 ;;J:4•"" t".33 j
(j1,01 JI)rI 4J- )01 duLA_,
i:),(> %Jul j,
. Li ce
I j J j c;,1 LJA; a.
j.t.) c)1.4.1

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J,L3
• j1 Ay,;:,

V11
 J.5141.1

1- Wilson G.E, "AGeneral Overview of Air Drilling and Deviation

Control", J.Pet. Tech., Dec. 1981.
2- Moore, P.L and Cole, F, "Drilling Operations Manual", Petroleum
Publishing Co. Tulsa, olc, 1965.
3- Ikoku, C.U., Azar, J.J. and Williams, C.R, "Determining Volume
Requirements For Air and Gas Drilling", World oil, Dec. 1980.
4- Moore, P.L. "Problems Associated with Design Prograns Fos Air
and Gas Drilling", Drilling Contractor, May-June, 1965.
5- Angel, R.R., "Volume Reqiurements Fos Air and Gas Drilling",
Pet. Trans. ALME (1957).
6- Angel, R.R. "Volume Requirements Fos Air nd Gas Drilling",
Gulf Publishing Co. (1958).
7- Mccray, A.W. and Cole, F,w, "OiL well Drilling Technology",
University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Okla, 1958.
8- Mitchell, B.J. "Test Data Fill the Gap on Using Foam as A Drilling
Fluid", OiL and Gas J., Sept.6, 1971._
9- Mitchell, B.J. "Notes on Air Drilling", Colorado' School of Mines,
Drilling Course, 1974.
01- Hutchison, S.O. and Anderson, G.W. "How Fluid Properties
Affect Drilling Variables", Worlol oiL, oct. 1974.
11- Ikoku, C.U, "Solid Friction Factor and Minimum Volumetric Air
Requirement in Air-Gas Drilling-Experimental Determination",
J.Pet. Tech. Nov. 1982.
12- 'Lincicome, J.D. "Using Foam To Drill Deep Under Pressured
Zones", World oil, Fed. I ,1984.

VW

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 WI j.atiJ I J.: L.
;,,,f (01.‹.-; ( 1) _
cr Li /,A) 30. ,11.;,..:2 2.6 (f,:,
j4.1 jz 120 ;)1,-
'4( (Shale) jil•JI Z.:))111 Za_r..J1 ( )
? L:<11
1.40 =
. / c.4 1620 _ r-- 2700 _ 1:
:1.41 Iy ;Ji.c. 7 ÷ ,..1j.J.:J1 —2
90 JA 4 + 4e)14-1
12000 /
• ZLiz r ui 1850 : II I
;..)1_,11 L.:A.4;1211 '41ail...;:t1 LJI (1) _ 3
• 80 ce (A. L.2.7-. Y1 Li, •I;u u..**.)Zi I • . (2) cf..
• s-4 3000
HP-625 : ca l l
)111 -1111 ( )
.
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