Reading

Lesson 3:
- Scanning: Multiple choice & Labelling a diagram
Task 1:
Read the Passage and choose the correct answers for the questions 1- 5 below.

Air conditioning
The history of an invention that makes life more pleasant

Willis Carrier designed the first air-conditioning unit in 1902, just a year after
graduating from Cornell University with a Masters in Engineering. At a Brooklyn
printing plant, fluctuations in heat and moisture were causing the size of the
printing. paper to keep changing slightly, making it hard to align different colours.
Carrier's invention made it possible to control temperature and humidity levels.
and so align the colours. The invention also allowed industries such as film,
processed food, textiles and pharmaceuticals to improve the quality of their
products.

In 1914, the first air-conditioning device was installed in a private house. However,
its size, similar to that of an early computer, meant it took up too much space
to come into widespread use. and later models, such as the Weathermaker, which
Carrier brought out in the 1920s, cost too much for most people. Cooling for human
comfort, rather than industrial need, really took off when three air conditioners were
installed in the J.L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan. People crowded
into the shop to experience the new invention. The fashion spread from department
stores to cinemas, whose income rose steeply as a result of the comfort they
provided.

To start with, money-conscious employers regarded air conditioning as a luxury. They

considered that if they were paying people to work, they should not be paying for
them to be comfortable as well. So in the 1940s and ‘50s, the industry started putting
out a different message about its product: according to their research, installing air
conditioning increased productivity amongst employees. They found that typists
increased their output by 24% when transferred from a regular office to a cooled one.
Another study into office working conditions, which was carried out in the late "50s,
showed that the majority of companies cited air conditioning as the
single most important contributor to efficiency in offices.

However, air conditioning has its critics. Jed Brown, an environmentalist, complains
that air conditioning is a factor in global warming. Unfortunately, he adds, because
air conditioning leads to higher temperatures, people have to use it even more,
However, he admits that it provides a healthier environment for many people in the
heat of summer.
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Question 1- 5
1. When Willis Carrier invented air conditioning, his aim was to
A make workers feel cooler.
B produce more attractive paper.
C set up a new business.
D solve problems in a factory.
2. Home air conditioners were not popular at first because they were
A too big and expensive.
B not considered necessary.
C too inefficient.
D complicated to use.
3. Employers refused to put air conditioning in workplaces at first because they
A could not afford to pay for it.
B thought it was more suitable for cinemas.
C did not want to spend money improving working conditions.
D thought people would not work so hard in comfortable conditions.
4. What was the purpose of the research done in the 1940s and ’50s?
A to make office workers produce more
B to compare different types of air conditioner
C to persuade businesses to buy air conditioners
D to encourage employees to change offices
5. What does Jed Brown say about air conditioning?
A In future, everyone will need it.
B Turning it off will not reduce global warming.
C It can seriously damage people’s health.

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D It is good for people, but bad for the environment.

ITN Reading Strategy

Multiple choice
- Underline the key idea in the question.
- Find the part of the passage which deals with the key idea and read it
carefully.
- Choose the option which matches the information in the passage.

Task 2:
Read the following passage. Then complete the labels on the diagram. Choose NO
MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/R A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.

The electric revolution

Your next car may be electric. We look at the technologies that will bring the
revolution.
The main reasons why electric cars are not more popular at present are their price
and their relatively small range.Existing battery systems only allow electric cars to
travel a distance of between 100 and 160 km. However, this distance may not be a
problem for urban drivers. A recent Sydney study reported that 70 percent of
journeys were 30 km or less, and recent data from the US suggests that 77 percent of
trips taken there are 48 km or less.
An innovative company called Better Place is aiming to make electric cars an option
for all drivers. It wants to see existing vehicles replaced by electric vehicles which,
it says, offer a number of benefits. Firstly, they can be powered by renewable energy
which produces zero emissions. What is more, electric motors are more efficient and
can convert more than 90 percent of power into movement, whereas the efficiency
of diesel or petrol engines is less than 20 percent. To achieve its aim, Better Place
plans to use technology which is already available.
The plan is simple but revolutionary. It starts with the installation of a home charge
point, and through this, the vehicle will be plugged into the electricity grid whenever
it is in the garage, typically at night. In the morning, with a fully charged battery, the
car is capable of as much as 160 km in urban motoring conditions. In addition to the
home charge point, the battery can be topped up by charge points at work and at
supermarkets.

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The battery is linked to a control centre by smart technology inside the vehicle.
Better Place can then ensure that the car is charged with electricity from renewable
sources at the cheapest price. For longer trips, a navigation system directs the driver
to the nearest switch station, where the depleted battery can be replaced with a
charged one by a robot within a couple of minutes.
by Tim Thwaites, issue 29 of Cosmas, October 2009

ITN Reading Strategy

Labelling a diagram
- Find where the picture(s) is /are dealt with in the passage.

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- Find words in the passage that mean the same as the words already on the
diagram.
- Decide what type(s) of word you need for each gap.
- Underline the word(s) you need in the passage and copy it/them exactly.

Listening
Lesson 3:
- Note – completion

Task 1: (sound L3.1)

Listen and complete the note below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

The Dinosaur Museum

1 The museum closes at ____________ p.m. on Mondays.
2 The museum is not open ON ____________
3 School groups are met by tour guides in the ____________
4 The whole visit takes 90 minutes, including ____________ minutes for the
guided tour.
5 There are ____________ behind the museum where students can have lunch.

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Task 2: (sound L3.2)completion

Listen and complete the note below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each
answer. (word limit)

Day Time Event Venue Ticket Price

Monday and 7.30 p.m. ‘The Magic Flute’ 1 ___________ From £8.00
Tuesday (opera by Mozart)
Wednesday 8.00 p.m. 2 ’____________’ Cinema 2 3 £________
(Canadian film)
Saturday and 11 a.m. to 4 ‘____________’ Gallery 1 free
Sunday 10 p.m. (art exhibition)

ITN Listening Strategy

Note completion
- Before you listen, think what information you need for each gap
- Predict the lines that will contain the information needed
- Listen for the signals for each answer

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Speaking Like / dislike questions

Một dạng câu hỏi phổ biến trong IELTS speaking part 1 là câu hỏi về việc bạn
thích (like) hoặc không thích (dislike) gì.
Ví dụ:
1. Do you like swimming?
2. Do you like listening to music?
3. Do you like reading?
4. Do you like dancing?
=> Để trả lời các câu hỏi này, chúng ta sử dụng các cấu trúc trả lời đã học ở lesson 1:
Câu trả lời + câu mở rộng
=> Các cấu trúc hữu dụng để trả lời cho câu hỏi thích, không thích được liệt kê dưới đây:

LIKE: DISLIKE

1. Like/enjoy/love something (các dạng phủ định của LIKE)

2. Be (not really) into something Don’t like something
I am into cooking Be not my thing
3. Be (not really) keen on something eg: English is not my thing
4. be (not really) interested in Dislike something
something Hate something
5. be (not really) fond of something Detest something
Can’t bear something
6. Be a big fan of something Can’t stand something: không thể chịu được
I am a big fan of books

7. have a deep passion for something

8. be (not really) passionate about
something

I have a deep passion for/am passinate

about Vietnamese
traditional music.

9. be (not really) crazy about

something (rất thích)

ITN Speaking tips

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Khi bắt đầu trả lời câu hỏi IELTS speaking part 1, chúng ta có thể sử dụng
các từ, cụm từ hoặc câu để bắt đầu vào câu trả lời.
Đối với dạng câu hỏi LIKE, các cụm mở đầu có thể được dùng như dưới đây:
Well, in general, I would say that...
Actually, I suppose that
Well, to be honest/ Well, personally speaking
Of course I think
Certainly I would definitely say that...

Sample answers:
Do you like travelling?
Actually, I like travelling. I always travel in summer vacations
⇨ Well, in general I would say that I’m a big fan of travelling, you know, I often travel
in summer vacations with my friends and my family members.

Do you like cooking?

Well, I like it. Ah, my mother taught me how to cook when I was small
⇨ Well, to be honest, I should really say that I have a strong interest in cooking. Since I
was a little girl, my mother taught me how to cook a lot of dishes

Task:
Practice answering the following questions
1. Do you like swimming? I don't really want water going in my eyes.
2. Do you like listening to music?
3. Do you like reading?
4. Do you like dancing?
5. Do you like collecting things?
6. Do you like shopping?
7. Do you like watching films?
8. Do you like cooking?
9. Do you like travelling?
10. Do you like animals?
11. What food do you like?
12. Do you like flowers?
13. Do you like museums?
14. Do you like gardening?

Samples:
2. Do you like listening to music?

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To be honest, music is not quite my thing,(answer) I'd rather watch movies or

game shows (What). However, it's good for me sometimes when I'm stressed in
my work.

3. Do you like reading?

Yes, I take a keen interest in reading (answer). I read all sorts of things, including
novels, magazines, online articles and the like (what). Reading is an irreplaceable
part of my daily life.(extend)

4. Do you like dancing?

Well, I love to dance but I’m not much of a dancer to be honest (answer). When I
dance I find myself thinking too much about the steps instead of just feeling the
music, movements and let the body take control. (How)

7. Do you like watching films?

Certainly I would definitely say that I love watching films, all genres of them
(answer). I try to absorb and enjoy as many different kinds of films as I can,
whether it is the blockbuster Avengers: End Game or visual effects such as The
Lion King (what). Film is a medium that can transport us to different worlds.
That’s why I and so many others love it (extend)
B. Topic practice

HOLIDAYS AND TRAVELLING

● Do you like travelling/visiting?

● What do you do in your holidays?

● Who do you often spend holidays with?

● How much traveling have you done? I have been to some/several places. For
example,.....
● What kind of places do you like to travel to?
● When you visit new places, what do you like to do?
● Do you prefer traveling alone or in a group?

Useful vocabularies:

Check-in desk (/ʧek/-/ɪn/ /desk/): Bàn làm thủ tục

There was a long queue at the check-in desk.
Backpack (/ˈbækˌpæk/): Đi du lịch tự mang đồ
They went backpacking in Spain last year.
Sunbathing (/ˈsʌnˌbeɪðɪŋ/): Tắm nắng

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People were sunbathing on the grass.

Get a suntan (/get/ /ə/ /ˈsʌnˌtæn/): Có được một làn da rám nắng
They rehearsed at New Cross Stadium and had to get a suntan to look fit.
Get away from it all (/get/ /əˈweɪ/ /frʌm/ /ɪt/ /ɔl/): Tránh xa tất cả
We've decided to go to Scotland to get away from it all.
Destination (/ˌdestəˈneɪʃən/): Điểm đến
Spain is still our most popular holiday destination.
Route (/rut/): Lộ trình
Which is the best route to take?
Tour guide (/tʊr/ /gaɪd/): Hướng dẫn viên du lịch
Our tour guide showed us around the old town.
Package holiday (/ˈpækəʤ/ /ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/): Chuyến đi trọn gói
I prefer travelling independently to going on a package holiday.
Go sightseeing (/goʊ/ /ˈsaɪtˈsiɪŋ/): Đi tham quan
There was no time to go sightseeing in Rome.
set off (/set/ /ɔf/): lên đường
'Ready?' She nodded at me and we set off.
campsite (/ˈkæmpˌsaɪt/): khu cắm trại
The facilities on the campsite were very primitive.
Tranquil (/ˈtræŋkwəl/): Yên tĩnh (quiet, peaceful)
The village lay tranquil in the evening sunlight.
Stunning (/ˈstʌnɪŋ/): đáng kinh ngạc
The sunset was a stunning spectacle.
awesome (/ˈɑsəm/): tuyệt vời
The Niagara Falls are a truly awesome sight.
all year round (/ɔl/ /jɪr/ /raʊnd/): quanh năm
The resort is seething with tourists all year round.
hang out (/hæŋ/ /aʊt/): đi dạo
We can just hang out and have a good time.
frequent (/ˈfrikwənt/): thường xuyên
You are a frequent visitor at my house.
be located (/bi/ /ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd/): được nằm ở

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A new factory is to be located on this site.

basic utilities (/ˈbeɪsɪk/ /juˈtɪlətiz/): tiện ích cơ bản
guesthouse (/ˈgestˌhaʊs/): nhà khách
He stayed at the guesthouse for two nights.

MUSIC
● Do you like listening to music?
● What types of music do you like listening to?
● Where do you usually listen to music?
● Can you play any musical instruments?
● Do you think it’s important for children to learn to play a musical instrument?
● Do you prefer listening to live performances or recorded music?

Useful Vocabularies
classical music (/ˈklæsɪkəl/ /ˈmjuzɪk/): nhạc cổ điển
Both Bach and Beethoven wrote classical music.
pop music (/pɑp/ /ˈmjuzɪk/): nhạc pop
Can television and pop music really be considered art?
folk music (/foʊk/ /ˈmjuzɪk/): nhạc dân tộc
Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.
rap (/ræp/): nhạc rap
melody (/ˈmelədi/): làn điệu
The melody is next taken up by the flutes.
lyrics (/ˈlɪrɪks/): lời bài hát
Read the on-screen lyrics and sing along.
soothing (/ˈsuðɪŋ/): êm dịu
I put on some nice soothing music.
catchy (/ˈkæʧi/): làm say mê / dễ nhớ, dễ thuộc
The songs were both catchy and original.
musical instruments (/ˈmjuzɪkəl/ /ˈɪnstrəmənts/): nhạc cụ
The drum is one of the oldest musical instruments.
music education (/ˈmjuzɪk/ /ˌeʤəˈkeɪʃən/): giáo dục âm nhạc
band (/bænd/): ban nhạc
The band was playing old Beatles songs.
live music (/lɪv/ /ˈmjuzɪk/): nhạc sống

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A lot of the bars have live music.

creative- thinking (/kriˈeɪtɪv/- /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/): suy nghĩ sáng tạo
enrich (/enˈrɪʧ/): làm giàu (kiến thức, vốn sống)
Music can greatly enrich your life.
enlighten (/enˈlaɪtən/): khai sáng, soi sáng
I don't understand this. Could you enlighten me?
blow one's mind (/bloʊ/ /wʌnz/ /maɪnd/): làm ai đấy cực kỳ thích thú
The music was so amazing it blew my mind.
chill out to (/ʧɪl/ /aʊt/ /tu/): thư giãn với
I often chill out to atmospheric ambient music.

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Pronunciation
Lesson 3: Consonant sounds (part 2)

A. Speech rules:
1. /s/ and /z/ sounds

● To make the sounds, place the center of

your tongue against the palate and release
the air slowly, but do not stop the air.
● /s/ is a voiceless sound
● /z/ is a voiced sound

Example:
Say some small kiss miss recent bosses
Zero lazy easy cousin cheese freeze

2. /k/ and /g/

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● To pronounce the sounds, bring the

back of the tongue to the velum, stop
the air completely, then release it
● /k/ is a voiceless sound
● /g/ is a voiced sound
-

Example:
Cat cost clean crazy link brick
break
Game glad grade ghost egg bigger rug
3. /l/ and /r/

/l/
● To pronounce /I/, curl your tongue
up; put the underside of the tongue
firmly on the back of your top teeth
and make a sound with your voice.

/r/
To make the sound /r/, keep the
tongue back; do not let your tongue
touch inside your mouth; round
your lips and push them forward.
Make a voiced
sound.

Example:
Lake film daily clean male yellow
Race ride cry around from fear

4. /ʃ/ and /ʒ/

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● To make the sounds, touch the

palate with the sides of the tongue
and release the air slowly through
the passageway formed down the
center of the tongue. Do not stop the
air flaw.
● / ʃ / is a voiceless sound
● / ʒ / is a voiced sound

Example:
Sugar sure shame mention chef social ocean
Measure usual Asia vision garage television

5. /tʃ/ and /dʒ/

● To make the sounds, place the

center of the tongue on the palate;
stop the air completely, then release
it abruptly
● /tʃ/ is a voiceless sound
● /dʒ/is a voiced sound

Example:
Chase chance lunch catching question reach
Jam just gym soldier huge region
6. /w/ and /j/

/w/
● To make the sound /w/, relax your
tongue, then round your lips and
press them back against the front
of your teeth.

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● Make a sound as you release your

lips.

/j/
● To pronounce /j/, spread your
tongue far and toward the back of
your mouth; do not let your tongue
touch the palate.
● Next, make a wide smile with your
Lips and bring your tongue forward
with a voiced sound.

Example:
Way was away where awhile one once
Yes year yellow mayor yet beyond

B. Practice
Task 1
Recognition Practice (Sound Pro3.1)
Listen and choose the sentences you hear

1. He took the veal. He took the wheel.

2. Laura prays all day. Laura plays all day.

3. Is it right yet? Is it light yet?

4. It was a big shock. It was a big sock.

5. Can you ship it? Can you sip it?

6. Charles hurt his chin. Charles hurt his shin.

7. This is your chair. This is your share.

8. Gary got a clean rag. Gary got a clean rack.

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9. Please put it in the back. Please put it in the bag.

10. We need the glue. We need the clue.

Task 2
Practice for mastery. (Sound Pro3.2)
Listen and repeat the sentences.
1. Can you cut the cake for me?
2. Go get your grandmother’s glasses.
3. The teacher chose Chinese Checkersfor the children.
4. Jim’s a junior, majoring in education.
5. Share the sugar with Charlotte.
6. They usually watch television for pleasure.
7. Let’s sew some snowsuits, said Sally.
8. He washes his cars in Charles’s garages.
9. Lola likes to laugh a lot.
10. Rita read three very short stories.
11. When will we go away?
12. May I use your iron?

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Writing
Lesson 3:
Writing task 1:
- Describing and Comparing Data and Change
- Writing paragraph

A. Describing Data
Các dạng số liệu:
1. Đại lượng đếm được: number of, quantity of, figure for
2. Đại lượng không đếm được: amount of, quantity of, figure for
3. Đại lượng phần trăm, tỷ lệ: proportion of, percentage of, rate of,
figure for
Các cấu trúc mô tả số liệu:
1. Dùng cụm danh từ cố định (The number / amount / quantity / percentage …
of) làm chủ ngữ
Ví dụ:
In 1970, the number of marriages in the USA was 2.5 million
1. Dùng số liệu làm chủ ngữ
Ví dụ:
2.5 million marriages were held in the USA in 1970
2. Dùng chủ ngữ giả “There”
In 1970, there were 2.5 million marriages in the USA
Cấu trúc mô tả sự thay đổi:

1. Dùng động từ
Ví dụ:
The number of marriages in the USA rose significantly from 2.5 million to
5.5 million in 1980.
2. Dùng danh từ
Ví dụ:
- In 1980, there was a significant rise of 3 million to 5.5 million in the number
of marriages in the USA.
- The USA witnessed a significant rise of 3 million to 5.5 million in the
number of marriages in 1980.
- The number of marriages in the USA experienced a significant rise of 3
million to 5.5 million in the year 1980.

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Cấu trúc so sánh:

1. Sử dụng while, whereas, compared to trong cùng 1 câu
Ví dụ:
In 1970, the number of marriages in the USA was 2.5 million, while the
figure for England was 5 million.
2. Sử dụng In contrast / In comparison / Meanwhile, với các xu hướng, số liệu
trái ngược và Similarly, với các xu hướng, số liệu tương đương.
Ví dụ:
The number of marriages in the USA rose significantly from 2.5 million to
5.5 million in 1980. In contrast, England witnessed a slight decrease of 1
million in the quantity of marriages.

B. Writing paragraph
Task 2.

Viết đoạn mô tả biểu đồ sau:

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Body 1:
- Số liệu năm 1970
- Thay đổi đến năm 2000
Body 2
- Thay đổi từ năm 2000 đến năm 2030
Ví dụ:
In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car on a daily basis, while the
bus and train were used by about 4 million and 2 million people, respectively. In the
year 2000, the number of those driving to work rose to 7 million and the number of
commuting rail passengers reached 3 million. In contrast, there was a small drop of
approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users.
By 2030, the number of people who commute by car is expected to reach almost 9
million, and the number of train users is also predicted to rise, to nearly 5 million.
Meanwhile, buses are predicted to become a less popular choice, with only 3 million
daily users.
Task 1:
Viết 1 đoạn miêu tả các biểu đồ sau.

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Chart 1:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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Chart 2:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Task 2: (homework)
Viết đoạn 2 miêu tả biểu đồ trên

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Grammar
Lesson 3: Compare (v) so sánh => comparison => Huong is more gorgeous than/ compared to
her sister.
C. Comparison
D. Relative Clauses

A. Comparison (So sánh)

SO SÁNH BẰNG VÀ HƠN
Có 3 cấp độ so sánh tính từ và trạng từ: so sánh bằng, so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất

1. Equality (So sánh bằng):

Hình thức so sánh bằng được thành lập bằng cách thêm as vào trước và sau tính từ hoặc trạng từ
as adj/adv as
This hotel is(tobe) not as spacious (adj) as that one.
She works(V)not as diligently (adv) /ˈdɪl.ə.dʒənt.li/ as me

Examples:
He speaks English as fluent as me. (Anh ta nói tiếng Anh lưu loát như tôi)
Our house is as big as our neighbour’s. (Nhà chúng tôi lớn như nhà hàng xóm)
Có thể thêm từ not trước từ as đầu tiên để lập câu phủ định
Jane is not as smart as Bob. (Jane không thông minh như Bob)
I do not swim as good as my father. (Tôi không bơi giỏi như cha tôi)
2. Comparative (So sánh hơn):
Hình thức so sánh hơn của trạng từ và tính từ được thành lập như sau:
Thêm -er vào sau trạng từ hoặc tính từ có một âm tiết, hoặc các từ có hai âm tiết tận cùng bằng -
er, -ow, -y, -le
Examples:
Cheap => cheaper
Fast => Faster
Large => Larger
Thêm more vào trước tính từ hoặc trạng từ có hai âm tiết (trừ các tính từ tận cùng bằng -er, -ow,
-y, -le), hoặc các từ có ba âm tiết trở lên
Examples:
Often more often
Expensive more expensive

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We truly care about your SUCCESS! Unit 3
Hotline: 0972888754

slowly more slowly

easily more easily
comfortable more comfortable
convenient more convenient
Sau các từ so sánh hơn nêu trên, từ than sẽ được thêm vào.
Examples:
She is taller than him (Cô ấy cao hơn anh ta)
iPhone is more expensive than other phones (iPhone đắt tiền hơn những chiếc điện thoại khác)
Travelling by car is more convenient than by bus (Đi du lịch bằng xe hơi thoải mái hơn đi xe
buýt)
Lưu ý: có một số tính từ và trạng từ có dạng so sánh hơn không theo các quy tắc nêu trên:
Good/well => Better => Best
Examples: John swims better than Mary (John bơi giỏi hơn Mary).
Bad/badly => Worse => Worst
Examples: He did very bad in the exam – worse than expected (Cậu ta làm bài kiểm tra khá tệ,
tệ hơn cả dự kiến)
Hình thức so sánh nhất của tính từ hoặc trạng từ được thành lập như sau:

3. Thêm -est vào sau tính từ hoặc trạng từ ngắn, hoặc tính từ có hai âm tiết tận cùng bằng -
er, -ow, -ly, -le
4. Thêm most vào trước tính từ hoặc trạng từ dài, nhiều âm tiết
Examples:
5. expensive most expensive
6. famous most famous
7. essential most essential
8. comfortable most comfortable
9. convenient most convenient
Lưu ý: Có một số từ không theo quy tắc trên
10. good/well best
11. bad/badly worst
Cuối cùng, từ the sẽ thường được thêm vào trước các từ so sánh nhất:
Examples:
12. Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
13. The movie was really boring. It is the most boring movie I've ever seen.
14. She is a really nice person - one of the nicest people I know.
15. Why does he always come to see me at the worst possible time?

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We truly care about your SUCCESS! Unit 3
Hotline: 0972888754

B. Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clause)

Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các từ who, whom,
whose, which, that, where, when, why. Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay đằng sau danh từ,
đại từ trong mệnh đề chính để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ ấy

1. Các đại từ quan hệ đi kèm trong mệnh đề quan hệ

● WHO:

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
I know that girl is very beautiful ( Câu sai ngữ pháp do có 2 động từ đi với 1
chủ ngữ )
I know that girl who is very beautiful ( Câu đúng ngữ pháp dùng mệnh đề quan
hệ )
● WHOM:
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
…..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
She’s the beautiful girl whom I have known for nearly 1 year
● WHICH:

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật

….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
That pencil is durable bought in HCM city
That pencil which I bought from HCM city is durable
● WHOSE
dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho
các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức „s
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
● WHY:
mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason,
for that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S +
V…
Ex: I don‟t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.

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We truly care about your SUCCESS! Unit 3
Hotline: 0972888754

→ I don‟t know the reason why you didn‟t go to school.

● WHERE:
thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
Ex: The hotel wasn‟t very clean. We stayed at that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn‟t very clean.
● WHEN:
thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
….N (time) + WHEN + S +
V … (WHEN = ON / IN /
AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which

we first met? I don‟t know the time. She

will come back then.

→ I don‟t know the time when

she will come back.

2. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng anh

* Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành Ving hoặc Ved2

● Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành (V- ing).
Ex:
a/ The man who is standing over there is my father .
→ The man standing over there is my father.
b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.
→ The couple living next door to me are professors.
● Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành Ved2

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We truly care about your SUCCESS! Unit 3
Hotline: 0972888754

Ex:
a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
→ The instructions given on the front page are very

important.

b/The book which was bought by my mother is

interesting.
→ The book bought by my mother is interesting.
* Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:

Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi
trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc
hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.
Ex:
a/ John was the last person that got the news.
→John was the last person to get the news.

b/ He was the best player that we admire.

→ He was the best player to be admired.
c/ He was the second man who was killed in this way.
→ He was the second man to be killed in this way.

C. Practice
Task 1:
Ghép câu

1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.

2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy.
4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.

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We truly care about your SUCCESS! Unit 3
Hotline: 0972888754

6. Ba dropped a cup. It was new.

7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
11. My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.
12. The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.
13. The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.
14. The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.
15. The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
18. That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.

Task 2:
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Ông làm việc cho một người phụ nữ từng là một nghệ sĩ.

2. Họ gọi một bác sĩ sống gần đó.

3. Tôi đã viết một email cho chị gái tôi sống ở Ý.

4. Linh thích người phục vụ rất thân thiện.

5. Chúng tôi đã phá một chiếc xe thuộc về chú tôi.

6. Ba đánh rơi một cái cốc mới.

7. Nam thích những cuốn sách có kết thúc hạnh phúc.

8. Tôi sống ở một thành phố nằm ở phía bắc Việt Nam.

9. Người đàn ông đội mũ màu xanh đang ở trong lớp.

10. Người phụ nữ đến từ Ấn Độ làm việc trong một bệnh viện.

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We truly care about your SUCCESS! Unit 3
Hotline: 0972888754

11. Chị tôi sống ở Nhật có bốn người con trai.

12. Người đàn ông mặc áo đỏ thật thô lỗ.

13. Chiếc điện thoại thuộc về An nằm trên bàn.

14. Chiếc TV mà ông nội của tôi đã bị hỏng.

15. Chiếc radio được mua 35 năm trước đã bị đánh cắp.

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