Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tagum College
Page 1 of 162
Table of Contents
page
Page 2 of 162
In a Nutshell .................................................................................... 27
Q&A List .................................................................................... 28
Keywords Index ......................................................................... 28
Big Picture in Focus:ULOb …………………………………………… 29
Metalanguage .......................................................................... 29
Essential Knowledge ............................................................... 29
Self-Help .................................................................................... 33
Let’s Check .................................................................................... 33
Let’s Analyze ......................................................................... 35
In a Nutshell .................................................................................... 36
Q&A List .................................................................................... 37
Keywords Index ......................................................................... 37
Page 4 of 162
Course Outline: CRI 325 – Vice and Drug Education and
Control
Course Coordinator: Amethyst Joanne L. Besagas
Email: renjoa@yahoo.com
Student Consultation: By appointment
Mobile: 09171448532
Effectivity Date: August 2020
Mode of Delivery: Distance Education
Time Frame: 54 Hours
Student Workload: Expected Self-Directed Learning
Requisites: CDI 1
Credit: 3
Attendance Requirements: Minimum of 95% attendance in all
scheduled virtual or face to face sessions
and the Learning Management System
(LMS)
Page 5 of 162
Since this course is included in the criminology
licensure examination, you will be required to take
the Multiple- Choice Question exam inside the
University. This should
be scheduled ahead of time by your course
coordinator. This is non-negotiable for all licensure-
based programs.
Turnitin To ensure honesty and authenticity, all
Submission (if assessment tasks are required to be submitted
necessary) through Turnitin with a maximum similarity index
of 30% allowed. This means that if your paper
goes beyond 30%, the students will either opt to
redo her/his paper or explain in writing addressed
to the course coordinator the reasons for the
similarity. In addition, if the paper has reached
more than 30% similarity index, the student may
be called for a disciplinary action in accordance
with the University’s OPM on Intellectual and
Academic Honesty.
Page 6 of 162
ensure that all the group members are involved.
Assignment Resubmission You should request in writing addressed to the
course coordinator his/her intention to resubmit an
assessment task. The resubmission is premised
on the student’s failure to comply with the similarity
index and other reasonable grounds such as
academic literacy standards or other reasonable
circumstances e.g. illness, accidents financial
constraints.
Re-marking of You should request in writing addressed to the
Assessment Papers and program coordinator your intention to appeal or
Appeal contest the score given to an assessment task.
The letter should explicitly explain the
reasons/points to contest the grade. The program
coordinator shall communicate with the students
on the approval and disapproval of the request.
Page 7 of 162
You can also meet the course coordinator in
person through the scheduled face to face
sessions to raise your issues and concerns.
CC’sVoice: Hello there! Good day! Welcome to this course CRI 325: Vice and Drug
Education and Control. As a college student it is essential to study the
Drug Abuse Prevention and Education Program of the government that
includes recognition, nature and extent of drug problems; causes and
influence of drug abuse; origin, identification and classification of
commonly abused drugs, prohibited and regulated drugs and
symptoms of drug abuse. Learning Drug Education and Vice Control
maybe difficult but rest assured it would be worthy. It talks reality which
everyone may relate. Thus, enjoy while learning this course.
Let us begin!
Big Picture
Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to
a. Comprehend the nature and history of drug abuse, Terms and Drugs
abuse jargons, Nature and physiology of drugs and Historical background
of drug abuse.
b. Recognize the Global Drug Scene, Drug trafficking: concepts and
operation, worldwide drug outlook and Drug abuse situation.
Metalanguage
The following are terms to be remembered as we go through in studying this
unit. Please refer to these definitions as supplement in case you will encounter
difficulty in understanding the Drug Education and Vice Control.
Dangerous Drugs- Include those listed in the Schedules annexed to the 1961
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and
in the schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances.
Drug – are synthetic chemicals used as medicine or in the making of
medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse.
Drug Abuse – It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.
Essential Knowledge
The following are basic concept of drug education and vice control that may
be useful for you to understand this field of expertise. The said concepts might be
confusing or difficult as a beginner but at the later part of this unit would be of great
help for you to understand the nature of its existence. Please note that you are not
limited to exclusively refer to these resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other
books, research articles and other resources that are available in the university’s
library e.g. ebrary, search. proquest. cometc., and even online tutorial websites.
Page 9 of 162
1. IMPORTANT TERMINILOGIES IN THE STUDY OF DRUG ABUSE:
1.1. ADMINISTER. The act of introducing any dangerous drug into the
body of any person with or without his knowledge.
1.2. CHEMICAL. It is any substance taken into the body that alters the
way and the mind and the body work.
1.3. CHEMICAL ABUSE, it is an instance when the use of chemical has
produced negative or harmful consequences.
1.4. CENTERS, any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug
dependents referred to under section 34, article VII of Republic Act
9165
1.5. CHEMICAL DIVERSION, the sale, distribution, supply or transport
of legitimately imported, in-transit, manufactures or procured controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in
concentrated form, to any person or entity engaged in the manufacture
of any dangerous drug, and shall include packaging, repacking,
labeling, relabeling or concealment of such transaction through fraud,
destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits, misdeclaration, use
of front companies or mail fraud.
1.6. CLANDESTINE LABORATORY, any facility used for the illegal
manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical.
1.7. CONFIRMATORY TEST, an analytical test using a device, tool or
equipment with a different chemical or physical principle that is more
specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.
1.8. CONTROLLED DELIVERY, the investigative technique of allowing
an unlawful or suspected consignment of any dangerous drug and or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, equipment or
paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived directly or indirectly
from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the country under the
supervision of an authorized officer, with a view of gathering evidence to
identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense, or
to facilitate prosecution of that offense.
1.9. CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS,
include those listed in tables I and II of the 1988 UN Convention Against
Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
1.10. CULTIVATE OR CULTURE, any act of knowingly planting,
growing, raising or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any
plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.
1.11. DANGEROUS DRUG, include those listed in the Schedules
Annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended
by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules Annexed to the 1971 Single
Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
1.12. DELIVER, any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to
another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with or without
consideration.
1.13. DEN, DIVE, OR RESORT, a place where any dangerous drug and
or controlled precursor and essential chemical is administered,
Page 10 of 162
delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or used in any
form.
1.14. DISPENSE, any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine
or any dangerous drug with or without the use of prescription.
1.15. DRUG, traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used as
medicine or in the making of medicines, which affects the body and
mind and have potential for abuse.
-in its criminological meaning, refers to substances, other than food and
water that is intended to be taken or administered for the purpose of
altering, sustaining or controlling recipient’s physical, mental or
emotional state.
1.16. DRUG ABUSE, it is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any
drug.
1.17.DRUG ADDICTION, It refers to the state of periodic or chronic
intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a drug.
1.18. DRUG EXPERIMENTER, one who illegally, wrongfully, or
improperly uses any narcotic substances for reasons of curiosity, peer
pressure, or other similar reasons.
1.19. DRUG DEPENDENCE, the World Health Organization defines it
as a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of
variable intensity, In which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a high
priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of
compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in controlling
substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of
use.
1.20. DRUG SYNDICATE, any organized group of two (2) or more
persons forming or joining together with the intention of committing any
offense prescribed under Republic Act 9165.
1.21. EMPLOYEE OF DEN, DIVE, OR RESORT, the caretaker, helper,
watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den, dive or
resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator where any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used, with or without
compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.
1.22. FINANCIER, any person who pays for, raises or supplies money
for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under Republic
Act 9165.
1.23. ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING, the illegal cultivation, culture, delivery,
administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading, transportation,
distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any dangerous
drug and /or controlled precursor and essential chemical.
1.24.INSTRUMENT, anything that is used in or intended to be used in
any manner in the commission of illegal drug trafficking or related
offenses.
1.25. LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, the paraphernalia, apparatus,
materials or appliances when used, intended for use or designed for use
in the manufacture of any dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical, such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying
Page 11 of 162
equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas
generator, or their substitute.
1.26. MANUFACTURE, the production, preparation, compounding or
processing of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, either directly or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical
synthesis.
1.27. MARIJUANA
-Cannabis or “Indian Hemp” or by it’s any other name. embraces every
kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis Sativa L., Cannabis
Americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus, ganjab, and embraces
every kind, class and character of marijuana, whether dried or fresh and
flowering.
1.28. METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA), known as
“ECSTASY”, refers to the drug having such chemical composition,
including any of its isomer or derivatives in any form.
1.29. METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, shabu, ice, meth,
refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its
isomer or derivatives in any form.
1.30. NARCOTIC DRUG, refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous
drugs which are either prohibited or regulated drugs.
-are a drug that produce sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its
depressant effect on the central nervous system.
-The Term Narcotic comes from the Greek word “narcotikos”
-sometimes known as "opiates”.
1.31. OPIUM, refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy
(Papaver Somniferum L.)
-or any derivatives from opium poppy such as morphine and alkaloid.
1.32. OPIUM POPPY, refers to any part of the plant of the species
Papaver Somniferum L.
-which includes the seeds, straws, branches, leaves or any part thereof,
or substances derived therefrom, even floral, decorative and culinary
purposes.
1.33. PLANTING OF EVIDENCE, the willful act by any person of
maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or attaching
directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act, whatever quantity
of any dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical in the person, house, effects or in the immediate vicinity of an
innocent individual for the purpose of implicating, incriminating or
imputing the commission of any violation of RA 9165.
1.34. PROTECTOR/CODDLER, any person who knowingly and willfully
consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this act and uses his/her
influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or
facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable
grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of RA
9165 in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the
violator.
1.35. PUSHER, any person, who sells, trades, administers, dispenses,
Page 12 of 162
delivers, or gives away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who
acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in violation of RA 9165.
1.36. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE, an adaptive state caused by
repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
1.37. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE, an attachment to drug use
which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality
needs of an individual.
1.38. REHABILITATION, it is a dynamic process directed towards the
changes of the health of the person to prepare him from his fullest life
potentials and capabilities, and making him law abiding and productive
member of the community without abusing drugs.
1.39. SCREENING TEST, a rapid test performed to establish
potential/presumptive positive result.
1.40. SELL, any act of giving away any dangerous drug and or
controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for money or any
other consideration.
1.41. TRADING, transactions involving the illegal trafficking of
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals
using electronic devices such as, but not limited to, text messages,
email, mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet, instant messengers
and chat rooms or acting as a broker in any of such transactions
whether for money or any other consideration in violation of RA 9165.
1.42. TOLERANCE, it is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to
maintain the same effect in the body.
1.43. TREATMENT, a medical service rendered to a client for the
effective management of his total condition related to drug abuse.
-it deals with the physiological and psychological complications arising
from drug abuse.
1.44. USE, any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of
consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing,
drinking or otherwise introducing into the physiological system of the
body, and of the dangerous drugs.
Page 13 of 162
backup– to prepare a vein for injection
bad go– bad reaction to a drug.
bad seed– marijuana combined with peyote; heroin.
bad bride– crack-smoking prostitute
bad man– person who transports money; person who supplies
narcotics or others.
balloon – heroin supplier; a penny balloon that contain
narcotics.
bammies – a poor quality of marijuana.
bang – inhalants; to inject a drug
banging – under the influence of drug
base crazies – searching on hands and knees for cocaine or
crack.
batted out – apprehended by law.
beat artist – person selling bogus drugs
belted – under the influence of drug
bite one’s lips – to smoke marijuana
black hole – the depressant high associated with ketamine
black mo/black moat – highly potent marijuana
blasted – under the influence if drugs
blaxing – smoking marijuana
blizzard – a white cloud in a pipe used to smoke cocaine
blow a fix/ blow a shot – injection misses the vein and is
wasted in the skin
blow coke – to inhale cocaine
bong – pipe used to smoke marijuana
. break night – staying up all night on a cocaine binge until
daybreak
bridge or bring up – ready a vein for injection
buffer – a woman who performs oral sex in exchange for crack;
crack smoker
bummertrip – unsetting and threatening experience from PCP
intoxication
burnthemainline – to inject a drug
burnedout – collapse of vein from repeated injection;
impairment from drug abuse
buzz – under the influence of drugs
cafeteriause – use of various drug simultaneously, sedatives or
hypnotics
candyriver – young people who attend raves who wear candy
jewelry
.candysticks – marijuana cigarettes laced with powdered
cocaine
chalking – chemically altering the color of cocaine so it looks
white
.champagne –combination of cocaine and marijuana
Page 14 of 162
channel – vein into which a drug is injected
channel swimming – one who injects heroin
chicken scratch – search on hands and knees for crack
or cocaine
chiefing – to smoke marijuana
chillum – an object use to smoke opium, hashish, and
marijuana
china cat – high potency heroin
chipping – using drug occasionally
chocolate chip cookies – MDMA combined with heroin or
methadone
chucks – hunger following withdrawal from heroin
clocking paper – profits from selling drugs
closet baser – user of crack who prefer anonymity
coco rocks – dark brown crack made by adding chocolate
pudding during production
cocoa puff – to smoke cocaine and marijuana
cold turkey – sudden withdrawal from drugs
come home – end a “trip” from LSD.
cooker – to inject a drug ; person who manufactures
methamphetamine
cut decks – heroin mixed with powdered milk
diamond folds – folded paper used to package drugs
dime’s worth – amount of heroin to cause death
dinosaurs – population of heroin users in their forties and fifties
domestics – locally grown marijuana
dropping – wrapping methamphetamine in bread and then
consuming it
drought – decrease in drug ability due to large law enforcement
busts
dump – to vomit after taking drugs
easy score – obtaining drugs without difficulties
emergency gun – instrument used to inject other than a syringe
factory – place where drugs are packaged, diluted, or
manufactured
flame cooking – smoke cocaine base by putting the pipe over a
stove flame
flying – under the influence of drugs
fly daddy – cigarette laced with crack; marijuana joint laced with
crack
fry sticks – marijuana cigarettes dipped in embalming fluid or
sometimes PCP.
fuel – marijuana mixed with insecticides; PCP
garbage – inferior quality marijuana; low quality heroin
get a gift – obtaindrug
ghostbusting– smoking cocaine
Page 15 of 162
give wings – inject someone or teach someone to inject heroin
graduate – completely stop using drugs; progress to stronger
drugs
greek – combination of marijuana and powdered cocaine
groundcontrol – the guide or caretaker during a hallucinogenic
experience
gun – to inject a drug; needle hypodermic needle
gutter – vein into which a drug is injected
hand-to-hand – direct deliver and payment
headshop –store specializing in the sale of drug paraphernalia
headies – high quality marijuana
heat – the police or narcotic officer
hit house – house where users go to shoot up and leave the
owner drugs as payment
hitthehay – to smoke marijuana
hitters – people who inject others who have hard to find being in
exchange for drug
honeymoon – early stages of drug use before addiction or
dependency develops
hooped up – under the influence of drugs
hotbox – smoking in a car with the windows up
hotheroin - heroin poisoned to give to a police information
jollypop – casual user of heroin
jolt – strong reaction to drugs; to inject a drug
jugggle – sell drugs to another addict to support a habit
juggler – teen-aged street dealer
laugh and scratch – to inject a drug
liquor lady – cocaine that is dissolved in water and ingested as
a nasal spray
mainliner – person who injects into the vein
make up – need to find more drugs
meth monster – one who has a violent reaction to
methamphetamine
mighty white – a form of crack cocaine that is hard, white and
pure
mix – a term used to refer to cocaine or a drug environment
mortal combat – high potency heroin
mouth worker – one who takes drug orally
on a mission – search for crack and/or being high on crack
on a trip – under the influence of drug
one stop shop – place where more than one drug is solid
paper bag – container for drugs
paper chaser – drug dealer trying to come up
pharming – consuming a mixture of prescription substance
piggybacking – simultaneous injection of 2 drugs
pikachu– pills containing PCP and ecstasy
Page 16 of 162
poor man’s coke – methamphetamine
premos – marijuana joint laced with crack cocaine
prescription – marijuana cigarette
puff the dragon – to smoke marijuana
rave – all night dance parties designed to enhance a
hallucinogenic experience
riding the wave – under the influence of drugs
roach clip – holds partially smoked marijuana
rock star – female who trades sex for crack or money to buy
crack
rompums– marijuana with horse tranquilizers
runners – people who sell drugs for others
seconds – second inhalation of crack from a pipe
set – place where drugs are sold
sextasy – ecstasy used with Viagra
shoppers – individuals who buy drugs for others
short down – under the influence o drugs
skin popping – injecting drugs under the skin; to inject drugs on
any part of the body
without snot – residue produced from smoking amphetamine
snotballs – rubber cement rolled into balls, burned and the
fumes are inhaled
space ship – glass pipe used to smoke crack
speed back – habitual user of methamphetamine
spliff – tobacco mixed with marijuana
sprung – person just starting to use drugs
stoned – under the influence of drugs
supper x –combination of methamphetamine and MDMA
swishers – cigars in which tobacco is replaced with marijuana
tea party – to smoke marijuana
five way – heroin +cocaine + methamphetamine + rohypnol
(flunitrazepam) + alcohol
tie – to inject a drug
toke up – to smoke marijuana
tools – equipment used for injecting drugs
totally spent – hangover feeling that is an adverse effect of
MDMA
tracks – row of needle marks on a person
turned on – introduced to drugs; under the influence
tweaking – drug induced paranoia; desperately search for crack
twists – small plastic bags of heroin secured with a twist tie
up against the stem – addict to smoking marijuana
water colors – lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
white cloud – smoke that collects in bottom of crack pipe; crack
smoke
wigging – odd behavior resulting from the use of mind altering
Page 17 of 162
drugs
wollie – rocks of crack rolled into a marijuana cigarette or in a
cigar
works – equipment for injecting drugs
yen sleep – restless, drowsy state after LSD use
zay– a mixture of marijuana and other substances within a cigar;
blunts
zonked – extremely high on drugs
zoomer – individual who sells fake crack and then flees
OTC drugs are used for the prevention and symptomatic relief of
minor ailments. The precautions that must be observed when
dispensing OTCs are the following:
The correct drug with the correct drug content is given to the
correct patient in the correct dosage form;
The pharmacist must counsel the patient to make that he/she
takes the drugs correctly; and
The pharmacist must be aware of and know about the
possible toxicity’s possessed by the OTC drugs to avoid
food/drug incompatibilities and overdose.
OTCs must be used properly in order to:
Avoid the dispensing of OTC to known identified habitual
drug users.
Avoid complications, this is done by inquiring from the buyer
of the drugs as to the identity of the patient, the patient’s age
and other information such as pregnancy, hypertension, etc.
and
Counseling the patient so as to avoid the “self-medication”
syndrome by inquiring about the buyer’s source of
information about the drug.
3.5. What is “Self-Medication Syndrome”?
Page 19 of 162
The “self-medication” syndrome is found in users and
would be users of drugs whose source of information are
people or literature other than doctors, pharmacist and health
workers.
Self-medication may work against the good of the user
because it can lead to intoxication and other adverse reaction
When two drugs are taken together, within a few hours they
may interact with unexpected results.
This is one reason a physician should always know the
names of all drugs one is using.
The doses taken become an extremely important part of drug
abuse.
The amount of drug in a dose can be described as:
Minimal dose, the amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the
smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic
effect.
Maximal dose, the largest amount of a drug that will produce
a desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying
symptoms of toxicity.
Toxic dose, the amount of drug that produces untoward
effects symptoms of poisoning
Abusive dose, the amount needed to produce the side
effects and action desired by an individual who improperly
uses it.
Page 20 of 162
Lethal dose, the amount of drug that will cause death.
Drugs are medicines and the best use of medicine depends upon
the physician, the user or patient, and the pharmacist.
Page 21 of 162
This idea was subscribed to by both Metro Manila Physicians (PNC
Health Education Survey, 1979) and the Pharmaceutical
Manufacturer’s Association of Washington, D.C. (U.P., MEC, DDB
1979).
Page 22 of 162
Vitamins those substances necessary for normal growth and
development and proper functioning of the body.
Page 23 of 162
4.2 DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE: A HISTORICAL TIME LINE
• In 1953, Republic Act no. 953 was enacted witch provided for
the registration of collection, and the imposition of fixed ad
special taxes upon all persons who produce, import,
manufacture, compound, deal-in, dispense, sell, distribute, or
give away opium, marijuana, opium poppies, or coca leaves or
any synthetic drugs which may declared as habit forming.
• By 1906, after the United States banned opium use, there were
no legal opium dens, although this did not stop the smuggling
operations from china.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson
Manwong, R.K. (2013). Instructional Materials in Drug Education and Vice Control
(3rd Ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Guevara, D.R. (2013). Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control.Quezon City, Philippines:
Wiseman’s Bookds Trading, Inc.
Page 28 of 162
Siner, M. (2014). New Drugs on the Street: Changing inner city patterns of illicit
consumption. Taylor and Frnacis.Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10885758.
Let’s Check
Let us try the following activities to check your understanding in this unit.
Activity1.Identification.In the space provided, write the term/s being asked in the
following statements: (One point each)
Activity2.True or False.In the space provided, write T if the given statement is true
and F if false. (One point each).
1. Total ban of opium in the Philippines took effect during the Japanese
occupation.
2. Opium use in China stemmed out from Columbia and Peru.
3. Friedrich Serturner discovered the drug opium as an analgesis drug.
4. The drug codeine was derived from herion through chemical process.
5. The morphine drug was first called “Morpheus”.
6. In 1906, Chinese addicts in the Philippines were allowed to smoke opium in
their homes for a fee of five pesos.
Page 29 of 162
7. President Ferdinand Marcos approved Republic Act No. 953 into law in
1953.
8. Barbiturates and herion drugs were absent in the Philippines before the
1960’s.
9. The first marijuana raid in the Philippines was conducted in Pasay City in
1959.
10.The Dangerous Drugs Board was created under the Dangerous Drug Act
in November 14, 1972.
Let’s Analyze
Let us try the following activities to know how deep your understanding about
the topics of this unit.
At this juncture, you will be required to ELABORATE your answer about the following
questions:
1. Illustrate, draw or describe the general history of drug use to drug abuse.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
3. What do you think was the main purpose of the enactment of Republic Act No.
9165?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Page 31 of 162
4. Why did they call morphine addiction as “soldier’s disease”?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
In a Nutshell
In this part you are going to jot down what you have learned in this unit. The
said statement of yours could be in a form of concluding statements, arguments, or
perspective you have drawn from this lesson. The first two items is done for you.
1. The historical events of drug use help us in educating the society because it
keeps us abreast on the old to the new development of measures of drug
control. The past events inn drug misuse have also led us to our current laws
that have generally regulated the use of drugs.
2. Drug abuse starts from a compulsion state followed by tolerance until the
person is hooked to the drug use, that is, he will be physically addicted to the
drug being used then later on psychological dependent to it.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________
Page 33 of 162
10. .
Q&A List
In this section you are going to list what boggles you in this unit. You may
indicate your questions but noting you have to indicate the answers after your
question is being raised and clarified. You can write your questions below.
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Page 34 of 162
Keywords Index
Natural Drugs Prescriptive Drugs PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEPENDENCE,
ADMINISTER, DRUG ADDICTION TOLERANCE
CENTERS DRUG SYNDICATE, self-medication”
syndrome
CHEMICAL DRUG DEPENDENCE, Over-the-Counter
ABUSE Drugs (OTC
CHEMICAL ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING Minimal dose
DIVERSION
CHEMICAL. DRUG EXPERIMENTER TREATMENT
CLANDESTINE MARIJUANA Toxic dose
LABORATORY
CONFIRMATORY METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMIN Abusive dose
TEST, E (MDMA), known as “ECSTASY
CONTROLLED MANUFACTURE Maximal dose
DELIVERY
CONTROLLED PLANTING OF EVIDENCE
PRECURSORS
AND ESSENTIAL
CHEMICALS, Toxicology
CULTIVATE OR METHAMPHETAMINE
CULTURE HYDROCHLORIDE, shabu, ice, meth, Lethal dose
OPIUM PUSHER Overdose
OPIUM PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE Allergy
Synthetic or DRUG ABUSE REHABILITATION
Artificial drugs
Page 35 of 162
Metalanguage
For you to demonstrate ULOb, you will need to have an understanding of the
following terms below. Please note that you will also be required to refer to the
previous definitions found in ULOasection.
1.1. Drug trafficking is also known as illegal dug trade. It is a global black
market a activity consisting of production, distribution, packaging and sale of
illegal psychoactive substances.
1.2. The following are some techniques used by drug traders when
crossing borders:
Page 36 of 162
1.4. There are two primary means of distribution:
1.6. One of the known worlds notorious drug syndicate is the Columbian
Medellin cartel, founded during the 1980s by Columbian drug lord Pablo
Escobar Gaviria and drug bosses, Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha and
top aid cocaine barons Juan David and the Ochoa brothers.
1.7. The Columbian government with the aid of United States succeeded
in containing the medellin cartel, which resulted in the date, surrender, and
arrest of the people behind the organization. This further resulted to the
disbandment of the Cartel led to its downfall.
1.8. The Cali Cartel was another drug cartel base in south part of Columbia
around the city of Cali. According to some estimates at its height the Cali
Cartel controlled 80% cocaine export from Columbia to United States.
1.9. Gelberto Rodriguez Orejuela founded the Cali Cartel in the 1970s with
his brother Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela, Jose Santa cruz Londono and
Helmer “Pacho”Herera.
1.10. The Norte Del Cali cartel, or North Valley Cartel, is a drug cartel
which operated principally in the North of the Valley del Cauca region of
Columbia. It rose to prominence during the second half of the 1900’s, after
the Cali Cartel and the Medellin Cartel fragmented, and became known as
one of the most powerful organizations involved in the illegal drugs
trade.
1.11. The leading drug lords of the Norte del Valle cartel included Diego
Leon Montoya Sanchez, alias “Don Diego”, Wilber Varela, alias “Jabon”
(“Soap”) and Hernando Gomez Bustamante, alias “Rasguño” (“Scratch”).
DeigoMontaya was part of the list containing the FBI’s ten most wanted
fugitives.
2. Illicit Drug Routes
Page 37 of 162
Middle East
• Discovery, plantation, cultivation, harvest
Turkey
• Preparation for distribution
Europe
• Manufacture, synthesis, refine
United States
• Marketing, distribution
The first important drug traffic route as illustrated above shows how illicit
drugs are distributed from its discovery, preparation up to marketing in the
illicit market. It is noted that plants such as the opium poppy, as sources of
dangerous drugs are cultivated and harvested mostly in the areas of Middle
East while Europe became the center for drug manufacture and synthesis.
United States became the overall center for drug marketing.
2.2 The Second Major Drug Traffic Route is also illustrated below:
Thailand
Page 38 of 162
Laos Myanmar
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Iran
India
In Southwest Asia- the “Golden Crescent” is the major supplier of opium poppy,
MJ and Heroin products in the western part Asia. It produces at least 85% to 90%
of all illicit heroin channeled in the drug underworld market.
Bali Indonesia is an important transit point for drugs en route to Australia and
New Zealand
3.9. SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA, and THAILAND-is the most favorite sites of drug
distribution from “Golden Triangle” and other parts of Asia.
3.10. CHINA-is the transit route for heroin from the “Golden Triangle” to Hong
Kong., It also the country where the “epedra” plant is cultivated (source of the drug
ephedrine), the principal chemical for producing the drug shabu.
3.11. HONG KONG- Is the world’s transshipment point of all forms of heroin.
3.12. JAPAN- became the major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the United
States and Europe.
Philippines Health estimates that there are 1o,000 Infected Drug Abusers ( IDUs),
In 1997, the cumulative total for HIV was 958 ( five of these were IDU)
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson
Manwong, R.K. (2013). Instructional Materials in Drug Education and Vice Control
(3rd Ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Guevara, D.R. (2013). Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control.Quezon City, Philippines:
Wiseman’s Bookds Trading, Inc.
Page 41 of 162
Special Needs and Drug Education.Taylor and Francis.Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10872537.
Siner, M. (2014). New Drugs on the Street: Changing inner city patterns of illicit
consumption. Taylor and Frnacis.Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10885758.
Let’s Check
Let us try the following activities to check your understanding in this unit.
Activity1.Identification.In the space provided, write the term/s being asked in the
following statements: (One point each)
Page 42 of 162
Activity2. True or False: Analyze the following statements then determine if they are true or
not. Write T if the statement is correct and F is wrong. (One point each).
Let’s Analyze
Let us try the following activities to know how deep your understanding about
the topics of this unit.
At this juncture, you will be required to ELABORATE your answer about the following
questions:
In a Nutshel
Unauthorized substance use may lead one down the path of drug addiction,
and should therefore be treated as a serious matter. In this portion of the unit, you
will be required to state your arguments or synthesis relevant to the topics
presented. I will supply the first three items and you will continue the rest.
Page 45 of 162
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________
Q&A List
In this section you are going to list what boggles you in this unit. You may
indicate your questions but noting you have to indicate the answers after your
question is being raised and clarified. You can write your questions below.
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Page 46 of 162
Keywords Index
Columbian Becka Valley of Lebanon Dangerous Drug
Medellin cartel, Act ( DDA ) of 1972
Columbian drug Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela, Jose The Norte Del Cali
lord Pablo SantacruzLondono and Helmer “Pacho” cartel
Herera
Jose Gonzalo Mule Golden Triangle
Rodriguez Gacha
Gelberto Methamphetamine Hydrochloride “ Green Triangle
Rodriguez SHABU”
Orejuela
Golden Crescent marijuana Nubain
Big Picture
Week 4-5: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to
Metalanguage
The following are terms to be remembered as we go through in studying this
unit. Please refer to these definitions as supplement in case you will encounter
difficulty in understanding the dangerous drugs, cause and effect of drug abuse and
its influences.
Page 47 of 162
Please proceed immediately to the “Essential Knowledge” part since the first
lesson is also definition of essential terms.
Essential Knowledge
From the earliest of times, people identified and used indigenous plants and
other substances that would alter their health and their state of consciousness. You
need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will be lain down in
the succeeding pages especially the reasons why people use and abuse drugs, the
influences of narcotic drugs. Please note that you are not limited to exclusively refer
to the resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research articles and
other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary,
search.proquest.com etc.
Page 49 of 162
R. A. 6425(Dangerous Drug Act of 1972)the dangerous are classified as:
a. Prohibited drugs
• Narcotics- refers to the group of the drug opium and it derivatives,
morphine, heroin, codeine, etc. including synthetic opiates.
• Stimulants- refers to the group of the drug cocaine, Alpha and Beta
Eucaine, etc.
• Hallucinogens- refers to the group of drugs like Marijuana,
LSD(lysergic acid diethylamide), mescaline, etc.
b.Regulated drugs
Barbiturates- refers to the group of depressant drugs known as
“Veronal” like Luminal, Amytal, Nembutal, Surital, Butisol, Penthontal,
Seconal, etc.
Hypnotics- are group of drugs such as Mandrax, Quaalude, Fadomir,
and others.
Amphetamines- are group of stimulant drugs like Benzedrine,
Dexedrine, Methedrine, Preludin, etc.
c. Volatile Substances ( P.D 1619 )
The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property of
releasing toxic vapors of fumes which when sniffed, smelled, inhaled or introduced
into the physiological system of the body produces or induces a condition of
intoxication, excitement or dulling, of these drugs are Glue, Gasoline, Kerosene,
Ether, Paint, Thinner, Lacquer, etc.
Page 52 of 162
alcohol found in alcoholic beverages; in common speech the
word alcohol refers to ethanol.
Page 54 of 162
PEYOTE is derived from the surface part of the small gray brown
cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating odor and it suffers from nausea.
This drug causes no physical dependence and therefore, no withdrawal
symptoms; although in some cases psychological dependence has
been noted.
Page 55 of 162
STP it is a take-off of the motor oil additive. It is a chemical derivative
of mescaline claimed to produce more violent and longer effects than
mescaline dose. Its effects are similar to the nerve gas used in
chemical warfare. It is less potent than LSD although their effects are
similar to those of psychedelics.
Morning glory – The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical
morning glory are used to produce hallucinations. The seeds are
ground into flour, soaked in cold water, then strained though a cloth
Page 56 of 162
and drunk. They are sold under the names of ‘heavenly blues’, ‘flying
dancers’, and pearly gates’. The active ingredient in the seed is similar
to LSD although less potent. The reactions are likened to those
resulting from LSD. Prolonged psychosis is also one of its effects.
Page 58 of 162
COCA BUSH PLANT
The coca bush plant is scientifically known as Eryhroxylon Coca
common is South America. The plant grows in mountainous and
tropical climate areas, on clay like soil. A fullu-grown cultivated coca
plant attains a height of 6 to 8 feet and can be harvested 3 to 4 times a
year. The dangerous drug that can be produced from this is the drug
Cocaine – the most powerful natural stimulant known as cocaine
hydrochloride.
Page 59 of 162
PEYOTE CACTUS It is known as “Narcotic Cactus”. It is commonly
found in Mexico and its borders. It is the source of the hallucinogen
drug known as Mescaline. One to two hours after the drug is taken,
delusions begin to occur. Optical hallucinations follow one upon
another in rapid succession.
3.1. Drug Abuse most often refers to the use of drug with such
frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or
impairs social functioning.
- referred to the use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless of
Page 60 of 162
whether it was actually harmful or not. This meant that any use of
Marijuana, for example, even if it occurred only a once in a while,
would constitute abuse, while the same level of alcohol
consumption would not.
- Commonly associated with substances that may be purchased
legally with prescription for medical use. Other substances that may
be purchased legally without prescription and are commonly
abused include alcohol and the nicotine contained in tobacco
cigarettes (Groiler, 1995).
Page 62 of 162
4.2. Drug abuse – is a multi-faced problem that exists in our
locality and countryside; three is usually more than one reason
why this problem occurs. Any of the following factors may
influence people to abuse drugs.
4.3. Biological Factors
There are some reasons or pre-existing induced biological
abnormalities of chemicals, physiological or structural in
nature that induced a person to take drugs. The following are
some to consider:
Individual’s general health- there are several diseases that
easily make a person become a drug abuser. Examples are
fatigue, chronic cough, insomnia, and discomfort.
It is believe that drug has the special power to prevent or to
increase sexual capacity.
One specific genetic theory proposes that there is an
inherited defect in the production of endorphin, similar to
morphine. A deficiency of the substance leads to bodily
discomfort. With the use of the morphine, this feeling is
induced or disappeared.
According to theory, a person who uses morphine has the
physiological abnormality where endorphin production is less.
The drugs when we use the body cells work actively.
4.4. Factors in Youthful Drug Abuse
(Psychological, Mental health, Family conditions)
Motives and Attitudes- Psychologically speaking, in terms
of motives and function of drugs use, some of which may not
be recognized by users themselves. The more a drug is
used, the more it tends to satisfy more than one motive or
need.
Personality and Pathology- This psychology has been
described as follows: Chronic , low-grade depression,
smoldering, tense and restlessness, a sense of not being
taken seriously, narcissism or egocentricity, preoccupation
with issues or identity, autonomy, and freedom of
expression, repeated dwelling on drug taking and its effects,
and the difficulty in international relations.
Family Background- the kinds of personality disturbances
found in some young addicts and heads cannot, in the
current state of knowledge, be identified as brain damage or
schizophrenia. It is more in the manner of character disorder.
And the behavior may be the result of inadequate
socialization, condition of child rearing and family interaction.
The few available facts about families of young abuser lend
credence to this area. In high addiction areas, the families
Page 63 of 162
of adolescent narcotics users showed the following
characteristics;
1. Absent or weak father
2. Overprotective, overindulgent and domineering mother
3. Inconsistent standards of behavior, lack of definition of limits
4. Hostility or conflict between parents
5. Unrealistic aspiration for children
6. Modeling, if parents or key influence are drug users, young
people often tend to model the behavior they are at home.
The family therefore is a strong influence to drug abuse.
Common factors are: children of broken home easily join peer
groups as substitutes to their lost family solidarity, to strike and
over protectiveness of parents, to assert their independence,
and to rebel from parental authority.
Other Psycho-Social Factors- Drug abuse is a
manifestation of an underlying character of personality
disorder. Thus majority of the drug users are fundamentally
immature; emotionally childish, insecure or are suffering from
problems of adolescence.
It is also a sign or symptom of family problem involving
parent and child relationship, peer pressures, unethical values.
Some of these sociological factors are as follows:
1. Availability of over-the counter and prescription drugs variety
available for different ailments.
2. Influence of media-advertisement message that all ailments
can be cured through the use of chemical substances toward
messages and help to create the acceptance of drugs.
3. Impact of affluent lifestyle and effect of increased travel and
exposure to different culture and social values.
4. The collapse of religious values
5. Lower value on academic achievement
6. They believe that drug can give deeper insights
7. The belief that medicines can magically solve problems and
the easy access to drug or various sorts in an affluent
society.
8. The enjoyment of euphoria or excitement induced by drugs.
9. The beliefs that they are just taking it like alcohol.
10. The tendency of persons with psychological problems to
seed easily solution with chemicals.
11. The statement of proselytizers who proclaim the goodness of
drugs.
Page 64 of 162
12. Slum condition- are most critical is that the slum dwellers
are often deprived of emotional support.
4.5. The Primary Causes of Drug Abuse
Any of the seven deadly sins could be the primary cause whypeople
tend to abuse drugs despite knowledge of the dangerous effects of
drugs.
Pride- excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem, sense
of self-importance.
Anger – unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself,
his family, his friends or the society in general.
Lust – burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to
drug abuse.
Gluttony- “food trip” in the lingo of junkies
Greed- wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people
under pressure in their work of art, such as musicians,
actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse.
Envy- to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest
envy is a major cause of drug abuse.
Laziness – “I can’t syndrome”, incapacity to achieve- the
breeding ground of drug abuse. Boredom coupled with poor
self-image.
4.6. GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
In order to understand the groups of people who abuse drugs,
the group classification of drug addiction are presented as:
Situational Users- those who use drugs to keep them awake
or for additional energy to perform an important work. Such
individual may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
Spree Users- school age users who take drugs for “kicks’,
an adventurous daring experience, or a as a means of fun.
There may be some degree of psychological dependence but
little physical dependence due to the mixed pattern of use.
Hard Core Addicts- those, whose activities revolve almost
entirely around the drug experience and securing supplies,
they show strong psychological dependence on the drug.
Hippies- those who are addicted to drugs believing that drugs
is an integral part of life.
4.7. IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
A drug abuser will do everything possible to conceal his habit.
To be able to recognize the outward signs and symptoms, it is
equally important to realize that the drug problem is so complex.
Page 65 of 162
The following markers can help in identifying drug abusers:
Change in interest- they lose interest in their studies and in
their work. They fail in school , shift from one course to
another , transfer of school of lower standard until eventually
drop out.
Frequent shifting of mood- they are euphoric, elated and
sometimes even ecstatic when under the influences of drugs.
They would be indifferent, irritable and even hostile when the
effect of drug is waning from the system.
Changes in Behavior – they usually spend a lot. They are
usually in the company of known drug users in the
community. They come home late; they become
disrespectful and would sell personal or family valuables.
Changes in physical appearance- if they can be seen while
still under the influence of drugs the following can be noted:
Page 70 of 162
8.3. As to the Social Effects
The drug abuser may also experience social dysfunction such
as the following:
a) Deterioration of interpersonal relationship and development of
conflict with authority.
b) Commission of crime.
c) Social maladjustment; loss of desire to work, study and participate
in activities or to face challenges
8.4. As to the Mental Effects
Page 71 of 162
family for his basic necessities, he also has to rely on the family
resources to provide him money for the support of his expensive habit.
c. Accidents in industry.
In a state of agitation or dullness of the mind as a result of the drug he
has taken, the dependent becomes careless and losses concentration
on his job. Consequently, an accident may occur which may adversely
affect both drug abuser and his co-workers.
Page 72 of 162
Amphetamines/Cocaine/Speed/Uppers-drugs categorized as speed or
upper can give the following symptoms of abuse:
1. Pupils may be dilated
2. Mouth and nose dry, bad breath, licks lips frequently
3. Goes long periods without eating or sleeping; nervous; has difficulty
sitting still.
4. Chain smoking
5. If injecting drug, user may have hidden eye droppers and needles
among possessions.
Shabu
a. Overdose leads to chest pains, hypertension, acute psychotic reaction,
convulsions and death due to cardiac arrest.
b. Due to the appetite suppressing effects of shabu, pregnant mother may become
malnourished. This may affect the nutritional needs of the baby.
c. Babies born to shabu-using women show sever emotional disturbances.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson
Manwong, R.K. (2013). Instructional Materials in Drug Education and Vice Control
(3rd Ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Page 74 of 162
Guevara, D.R. (2013). Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control.Quezon City, Philippines:
Wiseman’s Bookds Trading, Inc.
Siner, M. (2014). New Drugs on the Street: Changing inner city patterns of illicit
consumption. Taylor and Frnacis.Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10885758.
Let’s Check
Let us try the following activities to check your understanding in this unit.
Activity1.Identification.In the space provided, write the term/s being asked in the
followingstatements: (One point each)
Page 75 of 162
Activity2. True or False: Analyze the following statements then determine if they are true or
not. Write T if the statement is correct and F is wrong. (One point each).
Let’s Analyze
Let us try the following activities to know how deep your understanding about
the topics of this unit.
At this juncture, you will be required to ELABORATE your answer about the following
questions:
2. What dangerous drug can be extracted from the coca bush plant?
Give its drug classification.
Page 76 of 162
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
3. Enumerate and discuss the drugs that are grouped under narcotics, depressants,
stimulants and hallucinogens.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
4. Give the scientific names and alkaloid components of the opium poppy plant, coca
bush plant and the marijuana plant.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Page 77 of 162
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
5. What are the usual effects of stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens and narcotics
when administered to the body of a person??
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
In a Nutshel
People have generally different motivation in life. The young ones are very
much adventurous and some of them have strong attraction in drug-taking. In this
portion of the unit, you will be required to state your arguments or synthesis relevant
to the topics presented. I will supply the first three items and you will continue the
rest.
1. No matter how great the cultural attitudinal tolerance for addictive practices is,
or how strong individual personality predispositions are, nobody can become
addicted to narcotic drugs without access to them.
2. Harmful substances have devastating effects on the user, many may not take
into consideration other people directly involved how addiction affects the
family.
3. The effects of drug and alcohol addiction can be both short-term and long-
term. Peaceful, living homes can be divided by the strain caused by drug and
alcohol abuse.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________
Q&A List
In this section you are going to list what boggles you in this unit. You may
indicate your questions but noting you have to indicate the answers after your
question is being raised and clarified. You can write your questions below.
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
Page 79 of 162
5.
Keywords Index
Big Picture in Focus: ULOb. Classify the Approaches to the drugs problem .
Page 80 of 162
Metalanguage
For you to demonstrate ULOb, you will need to have an understanding of the
following terms below. Please note that you will also be required to refer to the
previous definitions found in ULOasection.
Essential Knowledge
Before we proceed further with the study of the several means of dealing with the
drug abuse problem in the nation, it will also touch on a few international concerns on what the
United Nations is dealing with this global drug problem. Please note that you are not limited to
exclusively refer to these resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g.
ebrary, search.proquest.cometc., and even online tutorial websites.
When R.A 6425, also known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972
was promulgated in March 30, 1972, estimated
20,000 Filipino drug users were recorded.
The execution of LIM SENG in 1972 dried up the supply of heroin
in the streets and from then on, this drug never
recovered its marketability.
On November 9, 1972,Presidential Decree No. 44 procedurally
amended section 4 of R.A 6425.
By the year 1980, the number of drug users increased to 250,000
in the country.
Presidential Decree No. 1675 as supplemented by General
Order No. 65; Presidential Decree No. 1683, an Presidential
Decree No. 1708 which were all procedural in nature were
promulgated to supposedly give more teeth to out drug laws.
In 1981, despite intensive Drug Law enforcement efforts and the
passage of laws, the rise of drug use continued.
It was in this year, that foreign drug syndicates used our shores as
a transit point of heroin and cocaine traffic.
In 1982, BatasangPambansaBilang 179 effected another
procedural amendment to RA 6425. The law itemized prohibited
drugs and its derivatives.
Page 81 of 162
In 1983 , there were already 343, 750 drug users and more non-
government organizations started to assist the government’s
demand reduction programs.
The smuggling of drugs continued in varying frequencies, types
and quantities with drugs originating from source countries such as
Pakistan, Thailand, and Hong Kong. The Philippines was slowly
emerging as a source in 1984.
In 1986, drug users commonly practice poly-drug abuse, majority
of them belong to the 15-24 age group. For a period of two years,
the number of drug population increased to 450,000.
The Philippine Constitution of 1987 abolished death as a penalty
under RA 6425. Coincidentally, the removal of death penalty in
1987 started the rise of the Chinese Syndicate using shabu as
their main trade.
In 1988, statistics showed that there were 480, 000 drug users in
the Philippines, 70% of which were in Metro Manila.
In 1989, Shabu emerge as the second most popular drug of abuse
next to MJ.
In 1990, Shabu abuse continues to rise. There were 500,000 drug
users recorded in 1990
In 1992, the government continued to pursue vigorous programs of
actions against the drug problem.
In 1993, there were 800,000 drug users recorded dubbing that
year. RA 6425 was further amended certain activities under illicit
drug trafficking.
The death penalty was restored on December 13, 1993. The
new law did not really strengthen Ra 6425 but rather made drug
enforcement more difficult, because what is being punish now is
the quantity of drugs seized and no longer the act or intention of
drug pushing.
In 1994, the drug problem became more pressing despite
sustained implementation of the National Drug Control and
Prevention Strategy of supply reduction and demand reduction.
For the year 1995, abuse of shabu increased by 75.09%. More
buy-bust operation were launched against merchants of death
majority of whom were Chinese triad members.
In 1996, more high level Shabu Interdictions were launched.
Various drugs enforcers were agitated to work against the drug
pipelines and the people behind them.
Despite this effort more people got involved in drug syndicate
members who criss-cross our boundaries and continue to deprive
us of our sense of security, emphasizing the ineffectively of our
weak laws against them.
Today there are many measures undertaken by both the private
and the government sectors in the fight against drug abuse as a
disease of society. This includes the major approaches as the
Law Enforcement Approach, Treatment and Rehabilitation
Page 82 of 162
Approach, Educational Approach, International Cooperation
against drug abuse.
Importantly, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
or Republic Act No. 9165 was enacted to add more teeth on the
government response to the ongoing problem on drug abuse in the
country.
TABLE 1 TABLE 2
Acetic Anhydride Acetone
N- Acetyl Anthranilic Acid Ethyl Ether
Epedrine, Ergometrine Hydrochloric Acid
Lysergic Acid Sulfuric Acid
Prohibited drugs – ex. Opium and its derivatives, Cocaine and its derivative,
Hallucinogens drugs like MJ, LSD, and Mescaline
Sale, trading, administration, dispensation, Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
delivery, distribution and transportation of from P500,000 to P10 Million
Page 83 of 162
Dangerous drugs and/or Controlled Percursors
and Essential Chemical (sec. 5)
Maintenance of a Den, dive or resort where Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
dangerous drugs are used and sold in any form from P500,000 to P10 Million
(sec. 6)
Being an employee or visitor of a den, dive or Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to
resort (sec. 7) 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100,000 to
P500,000.
Manufacture of Dangerous drugs and/or Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals from P500,000 to P10 Million
(sec. 8)
Illegal chemical diversion of controlled Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to
precursors and essential chemicals (sec. 9) 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100,000 to
P500,000.
Possession of dangerous drugs (sec.11) Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
from P500,000 to P10 Million
Possession of equipment, instrument, Imprisonment ranging from 6 mos and 1 day to
apparatus and other paraphernalia of 4 yrs and a fine ranging from P10,000 to
dangerous drugs (sec.12) P50,000.
Possession of dangerous drugs during parties, The maximum penalties provided for sec. 11
social gatherings, or meetings (sec. 13), and
Possession of equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia for
dangerous drugs during parties , social
gatherings or meetings (sec.14)
Use of dangerous drugs (sec. 15) Minimum 6 mos rehabilitation (1st offense)
Imprisonment ranging from 6 yrs and 1 day to
12 yrs and a fine ranging from P50,000 to
P200,000 (2nd offense)
Note: Section 15 shall not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her
possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided in sec. 11, in which case the penalty
provided in sec. 11 shall apply.
Cultivation of plants classified as dangerous Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
drugs or the sources thereof (sec. 16) from P500,000 to P10 Million
Failure to comply the maintenace and keeping Imprisonment ranging from 1 yrs and 1 day to 6
of the original records of transaction on any yrs and a fine ranging from P10,000 to
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors P50,000. Plus revocation of license to practice
and essential chemicals on the part of profession
Page 84 of 162
practitioners , manufacturers, wholesalers,
importers, distributors, dealers, or retailers
(sec.17)
Unnecessary prescription of dangerous drugs Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to
(sec.18) 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100,000 to
P500,000.
Plus revocation of license to practice profession
Unlawful Prescription of dangerous drugs (sec. Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
19) from P500,000 to P10 Million
Note : The Possession of dangerous drugs in the following quantities, regardless of degree of
purity: 10 grams or more opium; morphine; heroin; cocaine; MJ resin; 10 grams or more of
MMDA, LSD and similar dangerous drugs; 50 grams or more of “shabu” Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride; 500 grams or more of Marijuana.
If the quantity involved is less than the foregoing, the penalties shall be
graduated as follows:
2. Imprisonment of 20 years and 2 day to Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from
P400,000 to P500,000 if the quantities of dangerous drugs are 5 grams or more but
less than 10 grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, mj resin, shabu, MMDA,
and 300 grams or more but less than 500 grams of marijuana
1.4. The unlawful acts punishable by death penalty (Prior to the abolition of
death penalty)
Page 85 of 162
to use the same in such a place (sec 6, Art II)
7. Upon any person who uses a minor or mentally incapacitated individual to deliver
equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs
(sec.10, Art II).
8. Possession of dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec
13), and Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia
for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 14).
12 ex officio members:
Secretary of DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG, DSWD, DFA, and DepEd,
Chairman of CHED, NYC, and the Dir.Gen of PDEA.
The NBI Director the Chief of the PNP- permanent consultant of the Board.
1.6. What are the Powers and Duties of the DDB? (sec. 81, Art IX)
1. Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control Strategy,
2.Promulgation of Rules and Regulation to carry out the purposes of this Act.
3. Conduct policy studies and researches,
4. Develop educational programs and info drive,
5. Conduct Continuing seminars and consultations,
6. Design special training,
7. Coordination with agencies for community service programs,
8. Maintain international networking.
PDEA Operating Units – It absorbed the NDLE – PCC (created under E.O. 61),
NARCOM of the PNP, Narcotics Division of the NBI, and the Customs Narcotics
Interdiction Unit (sec. 86, Art IX).
1.8. What are the Powers and Functions of the PDEA?(sec.84, Art IX).
Page 86 of 162
1. Cause the effective and efficient implementation of the national drug control
strategy.
2. Enforcement of the provisions of Art II of this Act,
3. Undertake investigation; make arrest and apprehension of violators and seizure
and confiscation of dangerous drugs,
4. Establish forensic laboratories,
5. Filing of appropriate drug cases,
6. Conduct eradication programs,
7. Maintain a national drug intelligence system,
8. Close coordination with local and international drug agencies.
3. Any person who shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to
another or distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drugs regardless
of quantity and purity shall be punished with life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from P500, 000 to P10 million.
5. Owners of resorts, dives, establishments, and other places where illegal drugs
are administered is deemed liable under this new law, the same shall be confiscated
and escheated in favor of the government.
6. Any person who shall be convicted of violation of this new law, regardless of the
quantity of the drugs and the penalty imposed by the court shall not be allowed to
avail the privilege provisions of the Probation Law (P.D. 968).
(sec. 58, Art VIII) Filing of charges against a drug dependent for confinement
and rehabilitation under voluntary submission program can be made:
Page 87 of 162
4. if convicted – confinement and rehabilitation.
The following are samples of Operational Plans (OPLANS) against the drug
problem:
Plan Thunderbolt I -Operation to create an impact to the underworld.
Oplan Thunderbolt II - Operation used to neutralized suspected illegal drug
laboratories.
Oplan Thunderbolt III - Operation for the neutralization of big time drug
pusher’s, drug dealers and drug lords
Oplan Iceberg - Special operations team in selected drug prone areas in order
to get rid of illegal drug activities in the area.
Oplan Hunter - Operations against suspected military and police personnel who
are engaged in illegal drug activities.
OplanMercurion - Operation against drug stores, which are violating existing
regulations on the scale of regulated drugs in coordination with the DDB, DOH
and BFAD.
Oplan Tornado - Operation in drug notorious and high profile places.
Page 88 of 162
The principles of Drug Operations are:
5. Warrantless Search and Search incidental to lawful arrest (Rule 126, Rules on
Criminal Procedure).
Only specially trained and completed drug enforcement personnel shall conduct
drug enforcement and prevention operation.
All steps taken before, during and after the conduct of the operation must be
documented and properly.
Operating units shall promptly submit written a report after the operation.
The rules governing narcotics operations cover the following anti – narcotics
operations.
MJ eradication
Page 89 of 162
Mobile Check point Operations
Controlled delivery
Undercover operations
Narcotics investigation
Post operation
Custodial Investigation
Prosecution
Trial
Resolution
Concept: A search warrant is an order in writing issued in the same of the People of
Page 90 of 162
the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him
to search for personal property describe therein and bring in before the court. (Sec.
1, Rule 126, Revised Rules of court)
Page 91 of 162
Concept: airport and seaport interdiction involves the conduct of surveillance,
interception and interdiction of persons and evidence during travel by air or sea
vessels.
Page 92 of 162
3. The Educational Approach
3.1. Preliminary
• Drug education should be related to both the formal and informal curricula in
health, the creation of a safe and healthy school environment, the provision of
appropriate health services and the involvement of the family and the wide
community in the planning and delivery of programs.
• This part discusses the role that school-based drug education programs may
play in preventing or reducing drug use and the adverse consequences of drug
use to individuals and society.
• It provides guidelines for selecting content and teaching methods for school drug
education programs, and suggests knowledge, attitude and skill objectives for
drug prevention education at lower, middle and upper class levels.
• The information in this tool was adapted by UNESCO from the following
publication: United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention
(UNODC), 2003. School-based Drug Education: a guide for practitioners and the
wider community. (Vienna: UNODC)
3.3. Drug prevention efforts are commonly consider under three main
headings:
• Supply reduction strategies aim to disrupt the producti0n and supply of illicit
drugs as well as limit the access and availability of licit drugs in certain contexts.
In the school setting, this includes measures taken to limit the use, possession
and sale of illicit drugs on school premises, and may also include measures
taken to discourage tobacco use.
• Strategies for the reduction of the adverse consequences of drug use aim
to reduce the impact of drug use and drug-related activities on individuals and
communities.
It is both possible and desirable for schools to undertake efforts in all three
of these areas; however, the major focus should be on demand reduction.
Page 93 of 162
Education authorities should not accept sole responsibility for changing student
health behaviors, including drug use behavior; as such behavior may be
determined by factors beyond the influence of the school. This means that
schools should not make change in drug use behavior the only measure of
success or effectiveness of their drug prevention education programmes.
4. Content
Knowledge about drugs and drug use is important for informing decisions
and shaping or reinforcing values and attitudes about both personal and social drug
use. The nature of the information, how it is presented, and when, can have a
significant influence on its impact.
1. Information about drugs and drug use should be selected for and evaluated on
its capacity to contribute to drug-related learning outcomes that lead to reducing
drug use and adverse individual and social consequences of drug use. In
relation to achieving learning outcomes, selections and presentation of
information should be considered in terms of:
• What students already know and what they need to know about drugs;
• Skills students already have mastered and Skills that need developing;
2. Decisions about what drugs and drug use information to include in a program
should be based on knowledge drugs that cause most harm to individuals and/or
society, and the drugs that students are likely to encounter at some time in their
lives.
-. Community consultation
- Student input;
Page 94 of 162
The level of use of particular drugs and the level of harm associated with such
use by particular age groups ; and
Laws, policies and school rules pertaining to the use/misuse of different drugs.
• Encourages students reflect on what they have learned and how it can be
applied to their social situations
• Does not increase either use of or harm caused by the drugs being addressed;
• Strategies that exaggerate and misrepresent the dangers of drug use reduce the
achievement of drug-related learning outcomes – especially for students who
know , or believe based on their experiences, that the message does not reflect the
whole truth;
• Sensationalizing – using graphic images can portray drug use as dangerous and
exciting;
• Frightening case studies that are too far removed from the reality of young people;
• Using pictures and images of drug use or the drug user that are appealing or
attractive; and
Page 95 of 162
5. Matching content to learning objectives
A first step in choosing content is definition of the specific learning objectives that
will help your particular group of students develop the knowledge, carry out safe and
health-promoting decisions related to drug use. Suggested learning objective are
provided below for students at lower, intermediate and upper school levels.
• Ways of enhancing their own and others confidence and self esteem
• People who can help them when they have questions or concerns
• What medicines are for, their safety rules and the danger of incorrect use
• Alternatives medicines
• Demonstrate basic listening and communication skills when interacting with others
• Express feelings constructively and show respect for the feelings of others
• Recognize situations where choices can be made and identify the consequences of
their choices
Page 96 of 162
• Follow simple safety instructions and know when and how to get help from adults
and others such as police or ambulance.
• School and society rules and laws relating to legal and illegal drugs
• Safe use of products used to maintain health, appropriate health services and how
to access them
• How manufacturers , media and advertisers try to influence decisions about drugs
• Consequences of smoking and of misuse of alcohol, that drugs can alter the y a
person behaves and feels
• The contribution of drug use to lifestyle diseases and associated social , emotional,
legal and economics costs
• That changing the type of drug, the person(s) involved , or the context and situation
can vary the risk of adverse consequences for individuals and groups.
• How values about drugs are shaped by teachers, family, friends, media and church
• A positive self-image
• Respect for the right of others to have different attitudes and values
• Realistic attitudes and accurate beliefs about drugs and people who use them.
• Identify problem or risk situations and make decisions based on firmly held values
• Cope with peer influences , assert their ideas and their decisions
• Recognize and deal with arrange of feelings and changes in relationships overtime.
• How different contexts and situations influence personal values , attitudes, beliefs
and behavior in relation to drug use
• Consequences of unlawful and unsanctioned drug use, how drug can affects a
persons ability to perform tasks
• The impact of media messages on the health behavior of individuals and society
• A values stance on drugs and confidence to act on those values, the significances
on beliefs of social cultural influences on beliefs about drugs,
• Give and get care in a variety of health-related situations , set short and long term
health goals
• Assert themselves and deal with influences from others, work effectively with others
and cope with change, loss and grief.
Drug abuse prevention education is concern with bringing about changes in the
peoples knowledge, attitudes and practices towards drug abuse. It utilizes a variety
of approaches and methods whereby people go through teaching learning process,
and which maybe planed, implemented and evaluated through the barangay
organized groups and other organization and agencies in the community.
6.1. There are several known strategies in drug abuse prevention, which are
the following:
a. Peer counseling
b. Hot lines
7.1.The peer and cross-age tutoring and counseling enable the person/student to
assume adult and mature roles, to become actively involved in their own learning
and in other’s learning and to take on a “real world” responsibility.
It can provide a meaningful “work” in the school setting to the students who might
otherwise suffer from low-esteem and a general lack of involvement with school or
Page 99 of 162
cross-age tutoring and counseling programs:
Parenting and Family communication- these are activities that can foster better
understanding and wholesome family relationship.
2. Role playing – a technique used to help students identify more closely historical
figures or characters in literature, which will help them at sensing problems and
testing solutions without taking any great risk.
• Reduction method- using the same drug to which the patient is dependent. The
process could be gradual or rapid.
Modalities:
Methods of Rehabilitation
1. Psychotherapeutic Methods
2. The spiritual and Religious Means – This is the development of moral and
spiritual values of drug dependent.
Criteria of Rehabilitation
8.3.DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES
• Substance use with the intention of relieving withdrawal symptoms and with
awareness that this strategy is effective.
9.1. THE UNODC –United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is a
United Nation agency which was founded in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control
and Crime Prevention with the intent to fight drugs and crime on an international
level. This intent is fulfilled through three primary functions: research, lobbying state
government to adopt various crime and drug based laws and treaties and
assistance of said government on the ground level.
The United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the
United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP) are part of
the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
The UNDCP assist government in fulfilling their obligation under the existing
regulatory structures so that they can become parties to these conventions.
The UNDCP Resources for Operations- The financial resources come from the
regular budget of the United Nation and voluntary contributions of the U.N
members.
In Asia, UNDCP is created in different field offices in Laos and Burma (Myanmar)
which handle national programs while Thailand handles Regional Programs.
At the UN, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) is the central policy-making
body within the United Nation system dealing with drug-related matters. It
analyses the world drug situation and develops proposal to strengthen the
international drug control system to combat the world drug problem.
In 1991, the UN General Assembly established the Fund of the United Nations
International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and expanded the mandate of the
Commission to enable it to function as the governing body of UNDCP. UNDCP is
administered as part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
• Undercover operations
• Investigations
• Informant handling
• Surveillance
Different sectors of society play vital roles in preventing drug abuse. All should
exert concerted efforts to fight the spreading tentacle of this menace.
The individual
The primary role of the individual is to improve his personality and develop
traits and characteristics that would help him build-up his self-concept, thereby
making himself confident. He should develop strong spiritual and moral values ,
sharpen his skills in making decisions, and strengthen his will power . He should
improve his physical qualities as well as his mental faculties.
2. Use drugs properly. Most drugs are beneficial when use under medical advice
5. Learn to cope with problems and other stresses without the use of drugs. Seek
professional help regarding problems that are hard to cope with
Parents are looked upon by their children as models. The parents should:
3. Understand and accept the children for what they are and for what they want
them to be.
4. Listen to their children, respect for their opinions, and guide them in making
decisions.
5. Praise their children for whatever positive achievement they have accomplished
no matter how trivial this may seem.
6. Take time to be with their children no matter how busy they are.
Next to the home, the school is the child’s next impressive world. Here, the
child moves about in a bigger social environment predominantly made up of his
peers and teachers.
As part of a broader social process for behavior influence, it is said that the
school is an extension of the home having the strategic position to control crime
and delinquency. It exercises authority over every child as a consistent.
The school has also the role of working closely with the parents and
neighbourhood, and other community agencies and organizations to direct the
child in the most effective and constructive way.
3. Accept their student for what they are help them develop their potentials.
1. Make available time to plan and initiate awareness sessions for the students
and families about drug problems related to them.
Just like that family and the school, the church is also responsible to
cooperate with institutions in the community in dealing with problems of
children, delinquents and criminals as regards to the treatment and
correction of criminal behaviors.
The police are one of the most powerful occupation groups in the
modern society. The prime mover of the criminal justice system and the
number one institution in the community with the broad goals of maintaining
peace and order, the protection of life and property, and the enforcement of
the laws. The police are the authority having a better position to draw up
special programs against drug abuse and crime in general because it is the
reason why the police exist. That is to protect the society against lawless
elements since they are the best equipped to detect and identify criminals.
The police are the agency most interested about crime and criminals and
having the most clearly defined legal power authority to take action against
them.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson
Manwong, R.K. (2013). Instructional Materials in Drug Education and Vice Control
(3rd Ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Page 108 of 162
Guevara, D.R. (2013). Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control.Quezon City, Philippines:
Wiseman’s Bookds Trading, Inc.
Siner, M. (2014). New Drugs on the Street: Changing inner city patterns of illicit
consumption. Taylor and Frnacis.Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10885758.
Let’s Check
Let us try the following activities to check your understanding in this unit.
Activity2. True or False: Analyze the following statements then determine if they are true or
not. Write T if the statement is correct and F is wrong. (One point each).
Activity 3 – Multiple Choice: Please Underline the answer under each item that
best reflects your thinking.
3. What is the technique in anti – drug operation that is carried out by allowing
suspect consignment of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substance substituted
for them to pass out into one or more country with knowledge of their
competent authorities with a view to identify persons involved in the
commission of drug related offense?
a. Undercover Operation
Page 110 of 162
b. Controlled delivery
c. Airport/Seaport interdiction
d. Buy bust operation
4. The primary mission of the National Drug Law Enforcement Prevention and
Coordination Center is to:
a. Conduct Drug Investigation
b. Neutralize illegal laboratories
c. Coordinate with the INTERPOL
d. Consolidate Drug enforcement and prevention
5. What country in Asia is responsible in the area of research as part of the
Asian anti – narcotic network?
a. Myanmar
b. Thailand
c. Singapore
d. Indonesia
Let’s Analyze
Let us try the following activities to know how deep your understanding about
the topics of this unit.
At this juncture, you will be required to ELABORATE your answer about the following
questions:
1. Under what government office is the PDEA? What do you think is the reason for its
creation?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Page 111 of 162
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
5. Describe the operational plans of the PDEA as adopted from its NARCOM
beginning and their concepts.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
In a Nutshel
Addiction is a chronic disease, people can’t simply stop using drugs for a few
days and be cured. Each approach to drug treatment is designed to address certain
aspects of drug addiction and its consequences for the individual, family, and
society.In this portion of the unit, you will be required to state your arguments or
synthesis relevant to the topics presented. I will supply the first two items and you
will continue the rest.
1. The present nature and extent of drug abuse and misuse among youth
constitutes one of the gravest health problems facing the nation and the world
today.
2. Public concern about drug abuse is focused not only on drugs that can be
abuse but also on the individual who misuses them.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________
Q&A List
In this section you are going to list what boggles you in this unit. You may
indicate your questions but noting you have to indicate the answers after your
question is being raised and clarified. You can write your questions below.
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Week 6-7: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to
Please proceed immediately to the “Essential Knowledge” part since the first lesson is
also definition of essential terms.
Essential Knowledge
General believe hat drugs provide the criminal with courage to commit
crime. This does not appear to be so in most cases. The physiological
action of narcotics is mostly not conducive for the commission of crimes.
But drug addiction does provide a strong motive for crime like the drug
addict needs the drug he can get mostly from illegal sources, the drug
addict needs money for the purchase, which in most of the cases, is
obtained by illegal means: Theft, bribery, embezzlement, robbery,
forgery Cheating, etc.
The Violation
These include opium and its active components and derivatives, the
coca leaf and beta eucaine, and the hallucinogenic drugs. It includes all
preparations made from any of the foregoing and other drugs and chemical
preparations; whether natural or synthetics, with the physiological effects of
a narcotic or a hallucinogenic drug.
Field test: Burn a Small Quantity of the suspected substance. The odor or
smell is similar to bunt banana leaves or has a sweetish door.
Block – with embossed marks like “999” “555” “AAA” “1A”, etc. with “Lion”,
Elephant”, “Tiger/Dragon” brands.
Cocaine also comes in the form of salt crystal known as crack and
usually sold in packets. This is the American counterpart of local “shabu” or
methamphetaminehydrochloride.
Hallucinogen Drugs
These are the drugs that are capable of creating hallucinations in the
mind of the taker such as Lysergic acid diethylamide commonly known as
LSD and other drugs failing under this category are DMT, STP, peyote and
morning glory seeds.
The amphetamine – They stimulate the central nervous system and have the
ability to combat fatigue and sleepiness. These are also known at uppers.
CHEMICAL NAMES
a. Amphetamine Sulfate
b. Dextroamphetamine Sulfate
c. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride
Shabu is the most widely known amphetamine in the country today. The
compound (methamphetamine hydrochloride) is also known as “poor man’s
cocaine “.
EVIDENCE HANDLING
Physical evidence of various types can do must to augment the inevitable
oral evidence in a prosecution involving drugs. The investigator should be
constantly on alert to obtain physical evidence during an inquiry for presentation in
court.
Drug seizure – one officer, preferably the officer who made the seizure, should be
detailed to take charge of the drug found.
The Following procedure should guide him:
• Identify the seizure in some permanent way using markings or non-removable
labels or wax sealed tie on tag.
• The identification should give detail of the time, date and place of seizure, and
the name of the owner or suspect where an arrest had been made.
• The officer should complete the identification of the seizure by placing his initial
or signature on the identifying label.
• Where another officer later takes the seizure – as in during questioning – that
drug is shown to suspect during questioning – that officer should continue the
chain of identification by placing his initials on the label.
• Few parties as possible should hold the seized drug. A permanent written
record of the movement of the seizure, noting time, dates and signature or
receiving parties should be maintained.
• The officer in the area designated by his command should retain the seizure,
the security of which will satisfy the scrutiny of the court.
• Where the nature of the seizure requires special storage conditions or facilities,
this should be arranged and the security of the seizure maintained.
• If the commitments of the officer holding the seized drug/s are such that he
cannot travel to the laboratory, he should hand the same to another officer who
should make the delivery personally.
• If personal delivery is not possible, the seized drug/s should be carefully packed
in a parcel, which is then sealed. This should be adequately addressed and
shipped by certified delivery mail.
As mandate by law and here quoted, the PDEA shall “create and maintain
an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation and file charges
and transmit evidence to the proper court”.
1.) The evidence should reach the laboratory as much as possible in thesame
condition as when it is found.
2.) The quantity of specimens should be adequate. Even with the best equipment
available, good result cannot be obtain from insufficient specimens.
3.) Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purpose.
4.) Keep each specimen separate from other so there will be no intermingling or
mixing of known and unknown material. Wrap and seal in individual packages
when necessary.
5.) Mark or label each piece of evidence must be maintain. Account for evidence
from the time it is collected until it is produced in court. Any break in in this chain of
custody may make the material inadmissible as evidence in court.
Receipt/Report Complaint
First Responder
Preparation
Approach
Preparation of Narrative
Description
Crime Scene Search
In the flow of the investigation, it shows that upon receipt or report of a crime, the
desk officer shall record the date and time the report/ complaint was made, identify
persons who made the report, place of incident and a synopsis of the incident then inform
his superior or duty officer regarding the report.
The first responders will properly preserve the crime scene. The security and
protection of the crime scene to get maximum scientific information that will help
successful prosecution of perpetrators. Then the formal investigation may be conducted.
2.2. Procedure at the crime scene upon arrival at the crime scene
a. Record time/ date of arrival at the crime scene, location of the scene, condition of the
whether, condition and type of lighting direction of wind and visibility.
b. Secure the crime scene by installing the crime scene tape or rope(police line)
c. Before touching or moving any object in the crime scene, determine first the status of
the victim, whether he is still alive or already dead .If the victim alive the investigator
should exert effort to gather information from the victim himself regarding the
circumstances of the crime, while a member of the team or someone must call an
ambulance from the nearest hospital.
d. Designate a member of the team or summon other policemen or responsible persons to
stand watch and secure the scene, and permit only those authorized person to enter the
same.
e. Identify and retain for questioning the person who first notified the police, and other
possible witnesses.
2.3. RECORDING
a) Each crime scene is different, according to the physical nature of the scene and the
crime or offense involved. Consequently, the scene is processed in accordance with the
prevailing physical characteristics scene and with the need to develop essential evidentiary
facts peculiar to the offense. A general survey of the scene is always made, however, to
not the location of obvious traces of action, the probable entry and exit points used by
theoffenders(s) and the size and shape of the area involved.
c) In large outdoor areas, it is advisable to divide the area into strips about
four (4) feet wide. The policeman may first search the strip on his left he
faces the scene then the adjoining strip.
e) After completing the search of the scene, the investigator examined the objects or
persons involved.
This is accomplished after the search is completed, the rough sketch finished and
photographs taken. Fragile evidence should be collected as they are found.
a. The investigation places his initials, the date and the time of discovery on each item of
evidence and the time discovery on each item of evidence for proper identification.
b. Items that could not be marked should be place in a suitable container and sealed.
Any physical evidence obtained must tagged before its submission to the evidence
custodian.
Each item of evidence must be evaluated in relation to the evidence , individually and
collectively.
The scene is not released until all processing has been completed. The release should be
effected at the earliest practicable time, particularly when an activity has been closed or its
operations curtailed.
The recovery of physical evidence during investigation of the crime scene is the
most important task of current law enforcement. In most cases, the material items of
evidence and descriptive information collected from the scene of the crime make a big
difference in the success and failure of cases in court.
When brought into contact with morphine, heroin or other opium derivatives, the
reagent develops brilliant colors ranging from blue to reddish purple. There are some other
substances, which also produce colors with this reagent. No confusion, however, should
arise once the operator is familiar with the specific colors given by the opium alkaloids. It is
therefore essential that the test be observed with known samples before any unknown is
tested.
Making the test – In making drug test, the following are considered:
Allow the reagent to drain one end of the ampul
Break the ampul between the fingers along the scored line.
Introduce a small bit of sample into the open end of one half of the sample by
scraping a cube or pinch of powder held between the fingers with a sharp edge.
Tap the closed end so as to shake the sample further into the tube and thus bring it
into contact with the reagent.
After the test, the ampul should be rinsed with water before discarding.
NOTE: The value of this test lies in the fact that a positive reaction indicates
the presence of an opium derivative. A negative result does not rule out the
possibility of the sample being a prohibited drug since cocaine, methadone,
Demerol, dromoran, etc.do not gives a negative result should be submitted to the
laboratory for examination.
This field test for cocaine, Demerol,and methadone was developed by the
U.S. Customs Laboratory, in Baltimore, Maryland in 1961 and has been successful
use since then.
The test is simple to perform. The ampul should be broken at the point
where the glass is scored and the powdered sample introduced into the open end
of the half of the ampul should not be shaken. A blue color is indicative of cocaine,
Page 130 of 162
Demerol or methadone give stronger blues than that Demerol. For each of the
three narcotics, the strength of their blue in the ampuls is proportionate to their
active content.
The ampuls contains a dilute acid and should be discarded in a place where
water can be used to delute the acid.
NOTE: Do not rely on chemical tests alone. Always examine the material with a
microscope or hand lens. Cannabis Sativa, or marijuana, can be quickly and
positively identified by subjecting the sample to the following tests:
Chemical – the Duquenois-Levine Test has been found to be the only satisfactory
chemical test for the identification of marijuana. The chloroform soluble color
developed in this test is due to the presence of tetrahydrocanabinol (THC) which is
the active principal of marijuana.
This field test for identifying amphetamines useful inscreening out caffeine,
vitamins, or other substitutes proffered as amphetamines.
Test procedure – Break the ampul at the scored center and place 1 or 2 drops of
the reagent on the sample. This should be done on a glass ashtray, inverted
tumbler, etc. Amphetamines react with the reagent to give a red-orange color,
turning to reddish and dark brown within 1 or 2 minutes. The reagent gives this
characteristics color reaction when applied to white, pink, yellow, peach or
green amphetamine tablets.
The speed within which the color is formed appears to depend upon the
hardness of the tablet. The ore-orange color forms immediately of some tablets
while with others it appears in 10 to 20 second. Therefore, the critical period of
color differentiation for amphetamines is within the first 20 seconds. The peach-
colored caffeine tablet gives a color, which might cause some confusion. The
difference between the color formed by thus tablet by thus tablet and that formed
by a peach-colored amphetamine tablet are crushed before the reagent is applied.
Once the difference is seen, there should be no trouble in distinguishing one from
the other.
For the tentative identification of the barbiturates, the Zwikker test is used.
Zwikker test – An anhydrous methanol solution of the barbiturate upon several
drops of cobalt chloride in methanol solution gives a bluish color which changes to
dark blue upon being alkalized. The Atkinson Laboratory, 33031 Fierro Street, Los
Angeles California, manufactures a compact kit that utilized the Zwikker test.
Test Material – Zwikker test kit consists of a small plastic bag containing three
solutions in plastics dropping bottles and small porcelain spot plate. Solution # 1 –
Anhydours methanol, Solution #2 – cobalt chloride dissolved in methanol, Solution
#3 – 5% isopropylamine in methanol.
Caution: The above solutions are volatile and inflammable. They should be kept
sealed.
1. Place part of sample into spot-tester, (enough to cover letter “o” on a typewriter
key).
Page 132 of 162
2. Put two drops of solution #1 on sample in spot-tester. (Sample should dissolve).
3. Add two drops of solution #2 (This may produce a violet or a blue color).
4. Add tow drops of solution #3. (if color deepens to a darker violet of blue, this
indicates presumption presence of barbiturates). The solution will become
contaminated. Wash and dry spot – test plat after use.
6.1. The ingestion of narcotics or dangerous drugs poisons the body. This is
poisoning effect will leads to a paralysis of the respiratory center or cause heart
failure. This, the, will deny the body a sufficient amount of oxygen. Evident
or visible signs, which remain after death, often accompany the effects of
a particular drug on the human body for the trained observe. These signs
are result of symptoms experienced by the victim prior to death.
Following is a partial listing of the more dangerous drugs, the minimum
lethal dose, symptoms and cause of death:
Victim’s history
Medical phase
You should attend the autopsy yourself. Make sure that the following
specimens are submitted for narcotics, alcohol or other foreign matter.
Heroin quickly change to morphine after entering the body, and clears blood
approximately ½ hour remains in the urine about 24 hours and in bile for ¾
days.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson
Manwong, R.K. (2013). Instructional Materials in Drug Education and Vice Control
(3rd Ed.).
Quezon City, Philippines: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Guevara, D.R. (2013). Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control.Quezon City, Philippines:
Wiseman’s Bookds Trading, Inc.
Let’s Check
Let us try the following activities to check your understanding in this unit.
Activity1.Identification.In the space provided, write the term/s being asked in the
followingstatements: (One point each)
2.Any physical evidence obtained must tagged before its submission to the
evidence custodian.
3. “rainbow/ double trouble”
4. Those having the same physiological action as a narcotic
drug, such as methadone and demerol.
5. These are the drugs that are capable of creating
hallucinations in the mind of the taker such as Lysergic acid diethylamide commonly
known as LSD and other drugs failing under this category are DMT, STP, peyote and
morning glory seeds
6. A white, odorless, crystalline powder with a bitter taste.
7. One who injects, intravenously or intramuscularly, or
consumes, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking, or
otherwise introducing into the psychological system of the body, any of the
dangerous drugs.
8. An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Erythorxylon coca and
the other species of ErthroxlonLinne, or by synthesis from ecgoine and its
derivatives.
9. Take effect within 10 to 20 minutes and last up to 6 hours, e.i
Pentobarbital and secobarbital.
10. The compound (methamphetamine hydrochloride) is also known
as “poor man’s cocaine “.
Activity 3 – Multiple Choice: Please Underline the answer under each item that
best reflects your thinking.
Let’s Analyze
At this juncture, you will be required to ELABORATE your answer about the following
questions:
1. What are the laws that serve as legal basis in narcotic control and investigation?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
3. What is the significance of understanding the users and pushers in drug control
and investigation?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Page 138 of 162
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
4. Explain the importance of field and laboratory instrumentation in handling drug
evidences.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
5. What are the drugs and their respective drug test used? Give the possible color
reactions.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Page 139 of 162
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
In a Nutshel
People have generally different motivation in life. The young ones are very
much adventurous and some of them have strong attraction in drug-taking. In this
portion of the unit, you will be required to state your arguments or synthesis relevant
to the topics presented. I will supply the first item and you will continue the rest.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keywords Index
Barbiturates Marijuana Symone’s Test
Opium derivatives Amphetamines Duquenois-Levine test/ KN
test
Big Cocaine prohibited drugs Para amino
Shabu regulatory drugs BenZoic
Cobalt Thiocyanate Barbiturates Marquis test
Barbiturates Pentobarbitals Dille-Kopanyi test/Zwikker
test
Opium derivatives Narcotic Medication Cobalt Thiocyanate
Intermediate acting Paraphernalia Marquis test
barbiturates
Long acting barbiturates Maalox –milk of Strip search method
magnesia
Short acting barbiturates Collecting Evidence Double strip or grid
method of search
Ultra short barbiturates Removal of Evidence Zone search method
Page 141 of 162
Secobarbital TAGGING OF Spiral search method
EVIDENCE
Amobarbital Evaluation of Evidence DOCUMENTS
Amosbarbital PRESERVATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS
EVIDENCE
Picture
Week 8-9: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to
Metalanguage
The following are terms to be remembered as we go through in studying this
unit. Please refer to these definitions as supplement in case you will encounter
difficulty in understanding the Substance Abuse and vice control.
Please proceed immediately to the “Essential Knowledge” part since the first lesson is
also definition of essential terms.
Essential Knowledge
In reality, alcohol is the world’s number one drug problem. From a public health
perspective, the global burden related to alcohol consumption, both in terms of morbidity and
mortality, is considerable in most parts of the world. The said concepts might be confusing
or difficult as a beginner but at the later part of this unit would be of great help for you
to understand the nature of its existence. Please note that you are not limited to
exclusively refer to these resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles and other resources that are available in the university’s library e.g.
ebrary, search.proquest.cometc., and even online tutorial websites.
1.1. ALCOHOL
Importance
Alcohol is one of the oldest intoxicants known to man. Ever since there has been a
continuous effort, everywhere, to control its consumption because of its devastating effects
of human life. Many countries all over the world have tried prohibition ban with little
success.
The crime involving alcohol, directly or indirectly is increasing at a terrific rate. The
police and the judiciary should, therefore, understand the mechanics of alcohol, its nature,
effects, detection and estimation, to deal effectively with crimes involving liquors.
Alcohol is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid. It boils at 78.4 degree celsius. It has a
pleasant odor and gives a burning sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Like
many drugs, alcohol is toxic. It can poison the human body if taken in large amounts or in
combination with other drugs. Alcohol is a depressant not a stimulant.
The fermentation occurs when germs called yeast act on sugars in food to produce
alcohol and carbon dioxide. Fermented brews and spirits contain different amounts of
alcohol. The amount in beer is less than in other drinks. It varies from 2.5% to 8% in
different countries.
Types of Drinkers
Alcohol is a narcotic. That is, it has a depressant effect on the system. Likewise,
the following are the general effects of the alcohol as to proper order.
However, these effects vary from person to person and depending on the factors of
absorption, tolerance, concentration of alcohol, and the number of hours of drinking. Other
general effects include:
Fatal Dose – the fatal dose of liquor of an ordinary person is about 200 to 500 ml of
absolute alcohol (for adults) and about 50 ml onward for children.
Fatal Period – the fatal effects of alcohol may appear with in 10 to 24 hours. But in some
cases, death may take place even after a number of days.
Alcoholic Allergy – some persons are allergic to alcoholic drinks. The drinks may cause
them to be mad and they behave like maniacs under the influence of liquor.
The nerves are like telephone wires coming out of the control system in the brain
and spinal cord. They send and receive messages from all parts of the body. Alcohol
slows down the work of the brain cells and stops proper messages being sent to the rest
of the body. Alcohol stops people behaving correctly to other people. They may do
whatever comes first into their minds. They may say things that do not make sense or
behave rudely to others. They may also have feelings of increased personal or social
power. After heavy drinking, and when the pain killing effects of the alcohol are removed,
the person may suffer from a hangover. A hangover is the word used to describe the
terrible pain and horrible effects, which follow a period of heavy drinking.
Alcohol damages the stomach and intestines and makes them sore. This can
cause a burning sensation, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes there is bleeding.
The first thing the liver does is to turn part of the alcohol into fat. Some of this goes
into the blood, but a lot builds up in the liver cells. After drinking six medium-sized glasses
of beer every day for a few days fat is formed in the liver, the liver becomes larger. As the
liver enlarges, it changes the way other drugs and medicines work in the body. Si it can
be dangerous to take medicines with alcohol.
Alcohol affects the heart and other muscles so that they become weaker and less
effective. This makes people tired and breathless.
The activity of the liver trying to get rid of the alcohol results in many changes to the
blood – for example – blood sugar is lowered and blood fats are increased.
Alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys to get rid of some waste products.
Effects on Sexual Functions
After the excessive use of alcohol, the ability to have satisfactory sexual activity is
decreased.
Malnutrition: The illness that occurs when a person doesn't have enough food to eat or
eats the wrong kind of food. The person who drinks alcohol may suffer from malnutrition
because he spends his time, money and energy in drinking. He may not eat the proper
foods. Drinking alcohol decreases a person's desire to eat. Alcohol burs the stomach and
bowel so that the food eaten is not use well by the body. If the liver is damaged, some
important vitamins are not produced.
Home: heavy drinkers take money needed for food, clothes and furniture. This causes
debts. Husbands and wife fight and accuse each other of being unfaithful. There will be
often be sexual problems. Children are badly treated and badly fed. And drinking makes
people lazy and they may not go to work. Women may have to steal food to feed their
families.
Friends: the heavy drinker will often fight with his friend and may even kill people.
Work: the heavy drinker often does not go to work because he feels sick. He sometimes
works badly and hurts himself or others.
Play: heavy drinkers have a bad effect on sportsmen. Because alcohol effects the brain,
the drinker cannot control his arms and legs well. A sportsman who has been drinking
Page 145 of 162
cannot play well, as he should.
Roads: the drinker has lost his judgement; he is careless and takes risks. Accidents
result. A person who is drunk may walk onto the road and be killed by a motor vehicle.
Crime: excessive drinking is the biggest cause of crime. People become aggressive, fight,
break into houses and steal.
Economy and the Nation: the economy is badly affected when people do not go to work
and production falls. Heavy demands are made on health services, the police force and
correctional institutions. Alcoholism is burden to the government.
ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY
The use of alcohol has created major social, economic and health problem
nationwide – anironic consequence of ineffective government controls.
Legal Control
Intoxication
Social Control
Social control of alcoholism comes varied means like education and awareness,
community activities, and individual or group therapies. Today, one of the numerous
programs for alcoholics is the religious means of Alcoholics Anonymous.
Alcohol Anonymous
Medical Control
Detoxification
Alcohol Investigation
Illicit Liquors
Evidence of Intoxication
Intoxication is identified through various means like physical test, alcohol analysis,
and medical examination. In medical examination, the investigator should consider
smell of breath, state of clothing, general demeanor, speech, eyes, walk, memory,
breathing, and tremors of the extremities.
Tobacco Smoking
The use of tobacco is one the foremost public health problems in the world today.
Tobacco had for centuries been used all over the world as a way of increasing the
enjoyment of life or as an aid in coping with some of its problem.
The World Health Organization estimates that around the world one person dies
every 13 seconds from tobacco-related diseases.
Doctor’s cite 50,000 scientific studies from various independent bodies that have
proved beyond doubt that smoking is responsible for around 90% of all cases of lung
cancer, 95% of all cases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and 25% of heart
conditions in men 65 years of age.
The World Health Organization advisory Panel on Smoking and Health estimates
that at least two million of 30 million Filipinos under 20 years of age today will eventually
be killed by smoking. Smoking threatens not only the adults, but also children-born and
unborn.
Too often, the smoking habit begins in the early teens or even earlier. Becoming a
smoker may have the immediate value to some teenagers of being accepted by their
peers, feeling more mature because smoking is an adult behavior to the child providing
level of psychological stimulation and pleasure and might even serve the function of an act
of defiance to authority figures.
Tobacco Chemical
The three most common components of tobacco cigarettes and cigarette smoke are:
b. Carbon Monoxide – a poisonous gas similar to the gas that emanates from a
car’s exhaust pipe. It impairs the capacity of the blood to supply adequate amounts of
oxygen to the vital organs of the body. It is responsible for the shortness of breath among
smokers.
The other chemicals found in tobacco are Acetone, Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide,
Hydrogen Cyanide, Methane, and Benzopyrene.
The effects of tobacco smoking consist primarily of ill health and of human
suffering. Necessarily, the productivity of the work force, the need for medical care and
other variables are affected. Thus, smoking impairs society’s total well-being and poses
substantial economic loss to the nation.
Increases in heart attack risk with amount smoke; Increases heart rates 15-25
beats with one to two cigarette; constricts small arteries causing higher blood pressure;
increases chance of developing peripheral, vascular diseases; causes carbon monoxide
from smoke to rob oxygen carrying potential of blood; causes increase of free fatty acids in
blood which may be related to heart attack.
Increases risks of developing lung cancer ten-fold for the average of one pack a
day smoker; increases lung cancer risk with amount, with length of time smoked and early
age starting; major factor identified in the development of lung cancer; only one in twenty
lung cancer victims is saved from death per year; lung cancer deaths slightly exceed traffic
deaths per year.
Women who smoke during pregnancy increase the risk of still birth and prenatal
mortality, and the child physical and intellectual is delayed; women who smoke causes
menopause in early age than in normal; male smokers, penile arteries become
Page 149 of 162
constricted bringing about slower erection time, impotence in 1 in 4 heavy smokers versus
1 in 12 non-smokers.
Smoking fathers may beget children who may suffer from brain tumor, leukemia
and other abnormalities due to decreased number of spermatozoa.
Due to the increase cancer of the larynx, the mouth, bladder and the esophagus;
increase in ulcer deaths, death from cirrhosis; increase in kidney problems; greater
incident of infant pre-maturity and mortality; life expectancy is expected to reduce by about
14 minutes per cigarette smoked.
Chronologically, the following are benefits that one can derive from quitting or not
smoking tobacco cigarettes.
1. Within 20 minutes, the blood pressure and pulse rate drop to normal,
the body temperature of the hands and feet returns to normal.
2. Within 8 hours, the carbon monoxide level in the blood drops to normal
and the oxygen level in the blood increases to normal.
3. Within 24 hours, the risk of sudden heart attack decreases.
4. Within 48 hours, the nerve ending begin to regenerate and a person’s
ability to smell and taste begin to return to normal.
5. Within 2 weeks to 3 weeks, blood circulation improves and lung function
increases to 30 percent.
6. Within 1 to 9 months, over all energy increases – signs and symptoms
of coughing, nasal congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath are
markedly reduced. Natural cleansing mechanism of the respiratory tract
returns to normal so that the body is able to handle mucus, clean the
respiratory tract, and prevent respiratory tract, and prevent respiratory
infections.
7. Within 1 year, risk coronary heart disease is reduced by 50 percent.
8. Within 5 years, the risk of dying from lung cancer is reduced by 50
percent.
9. Within 10 years, the risk of dying from lung cancer, stroke and heart
attack is same as that of a non-smoker.
1. Get ready to break – decide what you want to be free from smoking.
2. Prepare physically – be like an athlete in training.
3. Prepare mentally – mentally rehearse how you will act when you stopped
smoking.
4. Prepare socially – politely avoid smoking and drinking friends, family members or
office parties.
5. Prepare spiritually – think the goodness of sitting examples to others.
6. Keep a record – during the next 24 to 48 hours, keep all cigarettes away from
you and you can do it in the next 48 hours and so on.
7. Set the break free date – have a celebration by throwing away cigarettes,
ashtrays, lighters and anything else you have associated with smoking.
8. Prepare for a slip or Relapse – review all the benefits of a smoke free life style,
better health, money saved, more social activities, etc.
9. Plan for the big victory - affirm you self-respect and awareness by calculating
money you saved and spend it on something meaningful to you.
10. Ensure long term success – help others to stop smoking because it will
reinforce your desire.
Gambling
A pathological gambler continues to play vividly despite the awareness that the
odds are against the, and despite the fact that they are rarely or never repeat their early
success. To stake their gambling they often dissipate their savings, neglect their families,
default on bills, and borrow money from friends and even loan. Eventually they resort to
writing bad checks, embezzlement, corruption and other illegal means of obtaining
money, feeling sure that their luck will change and that they will be able to repay what
they have taken. Whereas others view their gambling as unethical and disruptive, they are
likely to see themselves as taking calculated risks to build a lucrative business. Often they
feel alone and resentful that others do not understand their activities (Coleman, 1980)
Gambling Controls
At all cost, gambling must be controlled in order to minimize the number of the
group of people tended to be rebellious and unconventional who do not seem to fully
understand the ethical norms of the society.
Legal Control
The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines punishes gambling. Article 195 of this
law penalize any person who, in any manner shall directly or indirectly take part of any
game of scheme, the result of which depend wholly or chiefly upon chance with money or
articles of monetary value at stake. Likewise, the law also punishes any person who
knowingly permitting any form of gambling to be carried out in any place, building or
vessel or other means of transportation owned or controlled by the accused. Furthermore,
the law punishes maintainers, conductors, or bankers in the game of jueteng or any
similar game.\
Psychotherapy
Pathological gamblers who want to change may find help through membership in
Gamblers Anonymous, which is modeled through the Alcoholics Anonymous.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson
Guevara, D.R. (2013). Dangerous Drugs and Vice Control.Quezon City, Philippines:
Wiseman’s Bookds Trading, Inc.
Siner, M. (2014). New Drugs on the Street: Changing inner city patterns of illicit
consumption. Taylor and Frnacis.Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10885758.
Let’s Check
Let us try the following activities to check your understanding in this unit.
Activity1.Identification.In the space provided, write the term/s being asked in the
following statements: (One point each)
1. Alcohol is narcotic.
2. The intoxication of an offender is taken into consideration as a mitigating
circumstance when the offer has committed felony in a state of intoxication but not
habitual and not subsequent to commit said felony.
3. The game of “jueteng” is punishable as an act of gambling under Philippine
law.
4. Gambling is a crime of against property.
5. According to health experts, the withdrawal symptoms of tobacco smoking
usually occur within 4 hours of non-smoking.
Activity 3 – Multiple Choice: Please Underline the answer under each item that
best reflects your thinking.
Let’s Analyze
Let us try the following activities to know how deep your understanding about
the topics of this unit.
At this juncture, you will be required to ELABORATE your answer about the following
Page 155 of 162
questions:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
3. Who are the usual alcohol drinkers? What are their common motives?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Page 156 of 162
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
4. What are the reasons of controlling gambling?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
In a Nutshel
1. Alcohol intoxication may affect drinkers after many years of heavy use, alcohol
contributes to traumatic outcomes that kill or disable at a relatively young age,
resulting in the loss of many years of life due to death or disability.
2. In the case of the smoking vice, tobacco use continues to be one among the
leading causes of deaths. Tobacco had for centuries been used all over the
world as a way of increasing the enjoyment of life or as an aid in coping with
some of its problem.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________
Q&A List
In this section you are going to list what boggles you in this unit. You may
Page 158 of 162
indicate your questions but noting you have to indicate the answers after your
question is being raised and clarified. You can write your questions below.
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keywords Index
Alcoholic Allergy Alcohol Investigation Nicotine
Fatal Period Detoxification Carbon Monoxide
Fatal Dose Medical Control Tar
Respiratory Paralysis Alcohol Anonymous Tobacco
Muscular in coordination Social Control Methyl alcohol
Euphoria Traditional Ethyl alcohol
Alcohol Dependent Status Beers
Path of least Resistance Dietary Wines
Alcoholic Social Fortified Wines
Frequent Drinker Shorcut to Adulthood Spirits
Regular Drinkers Ritual Occasional Drinker
Please note that this schedule may change from time to time. It is advisable that you always
keep in contact with your teacher for updates and always check your LMS or Group Chatrooms.
All teachers/Course Coordinators and students are expected to abide by an honor code of
conduct, and thus everyone and all are exhorted to exercise self-management and self-
regulation.
Faculty members are guided by utmost professional conduct as learning facilitators in holding
DED conduct. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under existing guidelines,
specifically on social media conduct (OPM 21.15) and personnel discipline (OPM 21.11).
All students are likewise guided by professional conduct as learners in attending DED
courses. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under existing guidelines,
specifically in Section 7 (Student Discipline) in the Student Handbook.
Professional conduct refers to the embodiment and exercise of the University’s Core Values,
specifically in the adherence to intellectual honesty and integrity; academic excellence by
giving due diligence in virtual class participation in all lectures and activities, as well as fidelity
in doing and submitting performance tasks and assignments; personal discipline in complying
with all deadlines; and observance of data privacy.
Plagiarism is a serious intellectual crime and shall be dealt with accordingly. The University
shall institute monitoring mechanisms online to detect and penalize plagiarism.
All borrowed materials uploaded by the teachers/Course Coordinators shall be properly
acknowledged and cited; the teachers/Course Coordinators shall be professionally and
personally responsible for all the materials uploaded in the online classes or published in
SIM/SDL manuals.
Teachers/Course Coordinators shall devote time to handle DED courses and shall honestly
exercise due assessment of student performance.
Teachers/Course Coordinators shall never engage in quarrels with students online. While
contentions intellectual discussions are allowed, the teachers/Course Coordinators shall take
the higher ground in facilitating and moderating these discussions. Foul, lewd, vulgar and
discriminatory languages are absolutely prohibited.
Students shall independently and honestly take examinations and do assignments, unless
collaboration is clearly required or permitted. Students shall not resort to dishonesty to
improve the result of their assessments (e.g. examinations, assignments).
Students shall not allow anyone else to access their personal LMS account. Students shall
not post or share their answers, assignment or examinations to others to further academic
fraudulence online.
The Deans, Asst. Deans, Discipline Chairs and Program Heads shall be responsible in
monitoring the conduct of their respective DED classes through the LMS. The LMS
monitoring protocols shall be followed, i.e. monitoring of the conduct of Teacher Activities
(Views and Posts) with generated utilization graphs and data. Individual faculty PDF
utilization reports shall be generated and consolidated by program and by department.
The Academic Affairs and Academic Planning & Services shall monitor the conduct of LMS
sessions. The Academic Vice Presidents and the Deans shall collaborate to conduct virtual
CETA by randomly joining LMS classes to check and review online the status and interaction
of the faculty and the students.
For DED, the Deans and Program Heads shall come up with monitoring instruments, taking
into consideration how the programs go about the conduct of DED classes. Consolidated
reports shall be submitted to Academic Affairs for endorsement to the Chief Operating
Officer.
Approved by: