Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 08 Through The Ages

Word Level Type Meaning Example

1 age B1 Noun ‫العصر‬ It's time this company moved into the computer age.

2 archaeologist C1 Noun ‫عالِم اآلثار‬ The site of the temple was discovered by a group of amateur archaeologists.

3 century A2 Noun )‫ عام‬100( ‫القرن‬ Life in the 19th century was very different from what it is now.

4 decade B2 Noun )‫ أعوام‬10( ‫العقد‬ Air traffic has increased 30% in the last decade.

5 era B2 Noun ‫العصر‬ We are on the threshold of a new era in European relations.

6 evidence B2 Noun ‫الدليل‬ Fresh evidence suggests that the statement had been fabricated.

7 excavation Noun ‫الحفر‬ Excavation on the site is likely to continue for several years.

8 generation B1 Noun ‫الجيل‬ It's our duty to preserve the planet for future generations.

9 the Middle Ages Noun ‫العصور الوسطي‬ It is no surprise that the people of the Middle Ages were terrified of the trebuchet!

10 millennium C2 Noun ‫ مفرد‬- )‫ عام‬1000( ‫ألف عام‬ Imagine what the world will be like at the end of the next millennium.

11 millennia C2 Noun ‫ جمع‬- )‫ عام‬1000( ‫ألف عام‬ The book is a history of the last two millennia.

12 period B1 Noun ‫الفترة‬ The study will be carried out over a six-month period.

13 phase B2 Noun ‫المرحلة‬ We're now entering the final phase of the project.

14 pioneer C2 Noun ‫ مُستكشِ ف‬/ )‫رائد (في مجاله‬ Some of the early pioneers got it badly wrong and lenders lost a packet.

15 timeline Noun ‫خط زمني‬ There is no timeline has been given.

16 ancient B1 Adj. ‫ عتيق‬/ ‫قديم‬ People have lived in this valley since ancient times.

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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 08 Through The Ages
Word Level Type Meaning Example

17 chronological Adj. ً ‫ مُر َتب زمنيا‬/ ً ‫متسلسل زمنيا‬ Give me the dates in chronological order.

18 consecutive C2 Adj. ‫ مُتالحِق‬/ ‫ مُتعاقِب‬/ ‫مُتتالي‬ This is the fifth consecutive weekend that I've spent working.

19 historical B1 Adj. ‫تاريخي‬ The book is a work of fiction and not intended as a historical account.

20 imminent C2 Adj. ‫ قريب‬/ ‫وشيك‬ He announced the imminent arrival of a messianic leader.

21 middle-aged B1 Adj. ‫منتصف العمر‬ They're a middle-aged couple, with grown-up children.

22 nostalgic C2 Adj. ‫ يُشعرك بالحنين للماضي‬/ ‫حنيني‬ Talking about our old family holidays has made me feel all nostalgic.

23 prehistoric Adj. ‫ما قبل التاريخ‬ Painting originated in prehistoric times.

24 prior (to) C1 Adj. ‫ من قبل‬/ ‫ سالِف‬/ ‫سابق‬

ِ She visited us two weeks prior to her death.

25 punctual Adj. ‫ مُنضبط‬/ ‫دقيق‬ He promised more punctual and reliable services.

26 time-consuming C1 Adj. ‫ مُضيّع للوقت‬/ ‫ُستغرق للوقت‬

ِ ‫م‬ Producing a dictionary is a very time-consuming job.

27 erode C2 Verb ‫يتآكل‬ The coastline is slowly being eroded by the sea.

28 infer C2 Verb ‫ يستنبط‬/ ‫يستنتج‬ I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.

29 predate Verb ً ‫يسبق تاريخيا‬

ِ These cave paintings predate any others which are known.

30 span Verb ‫ يعبر‬/ ‫يجتاز‬ Her acting career spanned almost six decades.

31 in time B1 Phrase )‫في الوقت المناسب (قبل الميعاد‬ I got home just in time - it's starting to rain.

32 on time B1 Phrase ‫في الوقت المُحدد‬ My parents go to the house right on time.

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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS 08 Through The Ages
Word Level Type Meaning Example

33 lose track of time Phrase ‫يفقد اإلحساس بالوقت‬ When I surf the net, I often lose track of time.

34 save time Phrase ‫يوفر الوقت‬ I try to make my lunch the night before to save time.

35 spend time Phrase ‫يقضي الوقت‬ At the weekend, I try to spend time with my family.

36 take so long Phrase ‫يؤخذ وقت كثير‬ We booked a taxi but it took so long to arrive.

37 the right time Phrase ‫الوقت المناسب‬ You always come at the right time.

38 chronologically Adverb ‫بشكل تسلسلي‬ The dates are arranged chronologically.

39 formerly B2 Adverb ‫بشكل سابق‬ The house was formerly owned by the local council.

40 previously B1 Adverb ً ‫سابقا‬ She was previously employed as a tour guide.

41 subsequently C1 Adverb ً ‫ الحقا‬/ ‫فيما بعد‬ In 1982, he was arrested and subsequently convicted on drug trafficking charges.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 24 History
Word Level Type Meaning Example

The city archives contain birth, mirrage and death certificates.

1 archive Noun ‫األرشيف‬ We now have an online archive of records which can be accessed by public.
The archives of the museum are filled with interesting documents and artefacts.

The local museum is considered a permanent repository for many artists' works.
1.a repository Noun ‫ المستودع‬/ ‫المخزن‬ Once an e-mail is stored in a central repository, it is retained in its original format.
The council intends to make our library a new repository for rare books and manuscripts.

It was a priceless historical artefact.

2 artefact Noun ‫القطعة األثرية‬ He was an illegal trader in ancient artefacts.
The museum holds more than 1000 artefacts from Ancient Rome.

My mother likes to collect antiques.

2.a antique B1 Noun ‫القطعة األثرية‬ An antique dealer had dated the vase at 1734.
You can't give away Granny's old bookcase - it's a valuable antique.

His garden is filled with heirloom vegetables.

2.b heirloom Noun ‫مياث‬
‫ ر‬/ ‫إرث‬ My grandmother would let me play around with our family heirloom civil war sword.
The house was a family heirloom , passed down through the generations to the eldest child.

These bones are the relics of a 12th-century saint.

2.c relic Noun ‫أثر قديم‬ During the dig, the archaeological team found some relics from the Stone Age.
The country's employment system is a relic of the 1960s when jobs were scarce.

Archaeologists excavated the skeletal remains of an early human in Indonesia.

ِّ
3 excavate Verb ‫ يحفر‬/ ‫ُينقب‬ A new expedition is again excavating the site of the ancient Viking settlement.
They excavated the site of a dried up river and found many interesting artefacts.

Construction companies acknowledge the danger of excavation work.

3.a excavation Noun ‫ الحفر‬/ ‫التنقيب‬ She has taken part in several excavations of Roman settlements across Europe.
Three skulls and one full skeleton were discovered during the excavation of an Egyptian tomb.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 24 History
Word Level Type Meaning Example

We dug a hole and planted the tree.

ِّ
3.b dig B2 Verb ‫ يحفر‬/ ‫ُينقب‬ The dog was digging a hole to hide its bone in.
The tunnel was dug with the aid of heavy machinery.

The biography is an attempt to uncover the inner man.

3.d uncover C1 Verb ‫يكتشف‬
ِ / ‫يكشف‬
ِ The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.
While digging the foundations, builders uncovered some important archaeological remains.

A private detective has unearthed some fresh evidence.

3.e unearth Verb ‫يكتشف‬
ِ / ‫يكشف‬
ِ Artifacts more than 500 years old have been unearthed at the site.
Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month.

Historic buildings are part of our unique heritage.

ُ
4 heritage C2 Noun ‫الياث‬ It is important to protect our heritage for future generations.
The concert celebrates the rich heritage of Russian folk music.

She's studying modern Japanese language and culture.

4.a culture B1 Noun ‫ الحضارة‬/ ‫الثقافة‬ It's a nostalgia trip back into the youth culture of the swinging 60s.
She got some books out of the library and immersed herself in Italian history and culture.

The old people in the village still observe the local traditions.
4.b tradition B2 Noun ‫ األعراف‬/ ‫التقاليد‬ We decided to break with tradition this year and go away for Christmas.
There's a tradition in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake.

The war has left a legacy of hatred.

4.c legacy C2 Noun ‫المياث‬
‫ ر‬/ ‫اإلرث‬ The Greeks have a rich legacy of literature.
The success of the Olympic Games left a lasting legacy of benefit to the city.

His wife was of royal ancestry.

4.d ancestry Noun ‫ الساللة‬/ ‫النسب‬ He was proud of his Native American ancestry.
The family has traced its ancestry back to the Norman invaders.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 24 History
Word Level Type Meaning Example

His book is a study of the primitive societies of the Pacific island.

5 primitive C1 Adj. ‫بدائ‬
‫ي‬ He has studied the health of many primitive tribes of Central America.
The pioneers who settled the west had to cope with primitive living conditions.

Rhum is the UK's largest undeveloped gas field.

5.a undeveloped C2 Adj. ‫تطور‬ ُ ‫ ر‬/ ‫بدائ‬
ِ ‫غي م‬ ‫ي‬ The country's east coast remains relatively undeveloped.
This is common in undeveloped countries without proper water and sewer systems.

People still think of it as a backward country.

5.b backward C2 Adj. ‫تطور‬ ُ ‫ ر‬/ ‫بدائ‬
ِ ‫غي م‬ ‫ي‬ The state needs to reform its backward election laws.
When he was a child, his teachers thought he was backward.

The book is a history of the last two millennia.

6 millennium C2 Noun ‫ عام‬1000 ‫مدة‬ There were parties all over the world as people celebrated the new millennium.
Many Japanese companies are unsure whether they will survive the new millennium.

Renaissance art is typified by a particular style of painting.

7 Renaissance Noun ‫عرص النهضة‬ Science took a new and different turn during the Renaissance.
(‫)ف أوروبا‬
‫ي‬ You can view many great Renaissance masterpieces in the art gallery.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 33 Time
Word Level Type Meaning Example

We’ve had five consecutive days of rain.

1 consecutive C2 Adj. ‫توال‬ ُ ُ
‫ م ي‬/ ‫تعاقب‬
ِ ‫م‬ This is the fifth consecutive weekend that I've spent working.
Unemployment has risen again for the third consecutive month.

Tickets are numbered consecutively.

1.a consecutively C2 Adverb / ‫تعاقب‬ ُ
ِ ‫بشكل م‬ The cartons must be clearly marked and consecutively.
‫التوال‬
‫ي‬ ‫عل‬
‫ي‬ There were only very few deals and the price consecutively dropped.

The buying process is a series of sequential steps.

1.b sequential Adj. / ‫تعاقب‬ ُ
ِ ‫ م‬/ ‫تسلسل‬
‫ي‬ The separation into sequential categories of response is merely a means to an end.
‫تتابع‬ ُ
ِ ‫م‬ The sequential processing requires special measures in order to integrate the activities involved.

It was the team's fourth successive defeat.

2 successive C2 Adj. / ‫توال‬ ُ ُ
‫ م ي‬/ ‫تعاقب‬
ِ ‫م‬ He won the World Championship for the third successive year.
‫تتابع‬ ُ
ِ ‫م‬ Successive administrations have failed to solve the country's economic problems.

The next three series got successively lower ratings.

2.a successively Adverb ‫التوال‬
‫ي‬ ‫عل‬
‫ي‬ Hitler successively moved against Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
Since the championship began, they have finished successively ninth, seventh, and fifth.

November is the penultimate month of the year.

3 penultimate Adj. ‫األخي‬
‫ر‬ ‫قبل‬ Unfortunately, it's the penultimate episode of the series tonight.
It was after their penultimate visit that John has decided to open the art gallery.

The sound can be of any pitch or type, continuous or intermittent.

ِّ
4 intermittent Adj. / ‫ُمتقطع‬ Today we've had intermittent heavy showers, complete with a rainbow.
‫عل رفيات متقطعة‬
‫يحدث ي‬ Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was essentially a stage actress.

Lightning flashed intermittently in an otherwise clear sky.

ِّ
4.a intermittently Adverb ‫بشكل ُمتقطع‬ In the war-torn city, electricity is available only intermittently.
Wind energy supplies power only intermittently - when the wind blows.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 33 Time
Word Level Type Meaning Example

I play the occasional game of tennis.

4.b occasional C1 Adj. / ‫عابر‬ / ‫عرض‬ His job requires occasional trips to the West Coast.
ِّ ِ ‫ي‬
‫ ُمتقطع‬/ ‫تفرق‬
ِّ ‫ُم‬ Despite the occasional faults, this is an impressive first novel.

She makes sporadic trips to Europe.

ِّ
4.c sporadic Adj. ‫ ُمتقطع‬/ ‫تفرق‬
ِّ ‫ُم‬ The storm caused sporadic flooding throughout the region.
These instances were perhaps not that unusual and sporadic.

The varnish is a little patchy on this table.

4.d patchy Adj. ‫كتمل‬ ُ ‫ ر‬/ ‫غي ُمنتظم‬
ِ ‫غي م‬ ِ ‫ر‬ The morning will start with some patchy rain at first.
The landscape of models was, however, somewhat patchy.

His letters became infrequent, then stopped completely.

4.e infrequent Adj. ‫ نادر‬/ ‫نظام‬
‫ي‬ ‫غي‬
‫ر‬ Wiggins made one of his infrequent trips into Manhattan.
Relationships with nieces and nephews for most of those with families at a distance are infrequent.

The peace talks only seem to be making fitful progress.

ِّ
4.f fitful Adj. / ‫ ُمتقطع‬/ ‫تفرق‬
ِّ ‫ُم‬ Nevertheless, the government carried on with its fitful campaigns of prosecution.
‫نتظم‬ ُ
ِ ‫غي م‬ ‫ر‬ Last night was particularly disturbing because I had fitful dreams on the edge of consciousness.

He suffers periodic mental breakdowns.

5 periodic Adj. ِّ ‫ ُم‬/ ‫دوري‬
‫تكرر‬ Periodic failures of the olive crop kept the country in constant debt.
Such items are obviously subject to wear and require periodic replacement.

The equipment should be tested periodically.

ً
5.a periodically Adverb ‫ بشكل دوري‬/ ‫دوريا‬ Meetings are held periodically to monitor progress on the case.
Periodically, Congress has made half-hearted attempts at finance reform.

She made periodical visits to her dentist.

5.b periodical Adj. ِّ ‫ ُم‬/ ‫دوري‬
‫تكرر‬ I expect regular periodical reports from you.
Damages are awarded in a lump sum or as periodical payments.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 33 Time
Word Level Type Meaning Example

In the event of fire, the alarm will sound at 15-second intervals.

5.c interval C2 Noun / ‫رفيات متباعدة‬ We’ve positioned guards around the embassy at intervals of 10 feet.
َ
‫وقت ُمستقطع‬ We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month.

Well, I suppose a lot of people have a recurrent dream.

5.d recurrent Adj. ِّ ‫ ُم‬/ ‫دوري‬
‫تكرر‬ The onset is often sudden, random and frequently recurrent.
The patient has a two-month history of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis.

She has had repeated absences from work this year.

5.e repeated C2 Adj. ِّ ‫ُم‬
‫تكرر‬ There have been repeated calls for the president to stand down.
Despite repeated warnings not to drink alcohol, he persisted in doing so.

These animals migrate annually in search of food.

ً
5.f annually B2 Adverb ‫ سنويا‬/ ‫بشكل سنوي‬ The event, watched by millions of people all over the country, takes place annually.
The local authorities annually disburse between £50 million and £100 million on arts projects.
ً
Adverb ‫ أسبوعيا‬/ ‫أسبوع‬
‫ي‬ ‫بشكل‬ We go to the city weekly.
5.g weekly A2 Adj. ‫أسبوع‬
‫ي‬ She writes a weekly fashion column for the Evening Standard.
The poll showed that over 40% of Americans worship on a weekly basis.

The best online systems can handle thousands of concurrent users.

6 concurrent Adj. / ‫ُم ري ِامن‬ The judge imposed concurrent sentences totalling 14 years for the attacks on the girls.
‫يحدث يف نفس الوقت‬ Competitions for consumer goods are usually promoted on the pack concurrent with in-store promotion.

Her two dramas are being shown concurrently by rival television stations.
6.a concurrently Adverb / ‫يف وقت واحد‬ The French regulator said yesterday that all the bids should run concurrently.
‫يف نفس الوقت‬ Because his prison sentences run concurrently, he could be free in two years.

The offence carries a five-year sentence.

6.b sentence B2 Noun ‫قضائ‬
‫ي‬ ‫حكم‬ The judge will pronounce sentence on the defendant this afternoon.
Verb ‫قضائ‬
‫ي‬ ‫حكم‬ ‫يصدر‬ He was sentenced to three years in jail and fined $40,000.

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Learn 300 Essential Words for IELTS 33 Time
Word Level Type Meaning Example

He had all the classic symptoms of the disease.

6.c symptoms B2 Noun ‫ عالمات المرض‬/ ‫األعراض‬ Tiredness, loss of appetite and sleeping problems are all classic symptoms of depression.
He's complaining of all the usual flu symptoms - a high temperature, headache, and so on.

There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities.

6.d simultaneous C1 Adj. / ‫ُم ري ِامن‬ A simultaneous translation was available through our headphones.
‫يحدث يف نفس الوقت‬ It is difficult to explain why players would conceive of the simultaneous move game in sequential terms.

His birth was coincident with the end of the war.

6.e coincident Adj. / ‫ُم ري ِامن‬ Normally, creation and authorship are coincident in time.
‫يحدث يف نفس الوقت‬ The rise of the novel was coincident with the decline of storytelling.

I timed my holiday to coincide with the children's.

7 coincide (with) C2 Verb / ‫ يتوافق مع‬/ ‫رييامن‬ We timed our trip to coincide with my cousin's wedding.
‫يحدث يف نفس الوقت‬ We only get one day a week off, and our days off rarely coincide.

‫الصدفة‬ Meeting you here in Rome is a remarkable coincidence.

7.a coincidence B2 Noun ‫ر‬
/ ‫ التطابق‬/ ‫اليامن‬ By coincidence, both teams happen to be coached by men.
‫التوافق يف التوقيت‬ It was pure coincidence that I remembered his phone number.

The two communities coexist peacefully.

7.b coexist Verb َّ / ‫ يتعايش‬/ ‫يتأقلم‬
‫يتكيف‬ And the new economy is here to stay and will coexist with the old one.
‫يتواجد يف نفس الوقت‬ Some employees and students reported that feelings of sadness and hurt coexist with anger.

My views on politics rarely correspond with those of my father.

7.c correspond (with) B2 Verb ‫ يتطابق‬/ ‫يتوافق مع‬
ِ Their accounts of what happened that evening don't correspond at all.
That is not much of a punishment - it doesn't correspond with the seriousness of the offence.

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