‫نصاب الصرف‬

LESSON 2 – ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬and its various divisions

‫ – َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬Every meaningful ‫ ﻟَ ْﻔﻆ‬is called a ‘‫’ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬, for example, ‫( ِط ْﻔ ٌﻞ‬child), ‫( َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ‬man).

‫ – ﺳﮫ اﻗﺴﺎم‬The division of ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬into three types (‫ ﺣﺮف‬,‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬,‫ )اﺳﻢ‬is called ‫ﺳﮫ اﻗﺴﺎم‬.

‫ – ﺷﺶ اﻗﺴﺎم‬The division of ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬into six types (‫ ُﺧﻤﺎﺳﻰ‬,‫ رُﺑﺎﻋﻰ َﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻓﯿﮫ‬,‫ رُﺑﺎﻋﻰ ُﻣ َﺠﺮﱠد‬,‫ ﺛُﻼﺛﻰ َﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻓﯿﮫ‬,‫ﺛُﻼﺛﻰ ُﻣ َﺠﺮﱠد‬
‫ُﻣ َﺠﺮﱠد‬

and ‫ ) ُﺧﻤﺎﺳﻰ َﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻓﯿﮫ‬is called ‫ﺷﺶ اﻗﺴﺎم‬.

‫ – ھﻔﺖ اﻗﺴﺎم‬The division of ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬into seven types (‫ ﻟَﻔﯿﻒ‬,‫ ﻧﺎﻗِﺺ‬,‫ اَﺟ َﻮف‬,‫ ِﻣﺜﺎل‬,‫ ُﻣﻀﺎﻋَﻒ‬,‫ َﻣﮭﻤﻮز‬,‫ﺻ ِﺤﯿﺢ‬
َ ) is called
‫ھﻔﺖ اﻗﺴﺎم‬.

‫ﺳﮫ اﻗﺴﺎم‬

There are three types of ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬in terms of whether or not it expresses a complete meaning independently:

‫ – اﺳﻢ‬a ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬which expresses a complete meaning without being joined to another ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬, and its meaning is
not linked to a tense (past, present, future), for example ٌ‫ﺿﺎرب‬
ِ ‫ َﻣ ْﻨﺼُﻮ ٌر‬,‫ َز ْﯾ ٌﺪ‬.

‫ – ﻓﻌﻞ‬a ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬which expresses a complete meaning without being joined to another ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬and its meaning is
َ َ‫( ﻧ‬he helped)
linked to a tense (past, present, future), for example, ‫ﺼ َﺮ‬

‫ – ﺣﺮف‬a ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬which cannot express a complete meaning on its own without another ‫( َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬i.e. an ‫ اﺳﻢ‬or
‫)ﻓﻌﻞ‬, for example, ‫( ِﻣﻦ‬from), ‫( اِﻟﻰ‬to)

Types of ‫اﺳﻢ‬

There are three types of ‫ اﺳﻢ‬in terms of whether or not it is ‫ ُﻣﺸﺘَﻖ‬:

1. ‫مصدر‬ 2. ‫مشتق‬ 3. ‫جامد‬

‫ – ﺻﺪر َﻣﺼﺪَر‬the ‫ اﺳﻢ‬from which other ‫ َﻛﻠِﻤﺎت‬are made, but is not made from another ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬itself, for
example, ‫ﻧَﺼْ ٌﺮ‬.

‫ – ُﻣﺸﺘَﻖ‬the ‫ اﺳﻢ‬which is made from the ‫ َﻣﺼﺪَر‬, for example, ‫ﻧﺎﺻ ٌﺮ‬ ُ ‫ﯾَ ْﻨ‬, which in turn
ِ (which is made from ‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬
is made from ‫)ﻧَﺼْ ٌﺮ‬.

‫ –ﺟﺎ ِﻣﺪ‬the ‫ اﺳﻢ‬which is not made from another ‫ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬nor are other ‫ َﻛﻠِﻤﺎت‬made from it, for example, ‫ ﺑَ ْﻜ ٌﺮ‬,‫ َز ْﯾ ٌﺪ‬.