Service Training

Meeting Guide 760 SESV1760

August 2002

TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

M316C, M318C, AND M322C HYDRAULIC

EXCAVATORS
WALK AROUND
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CATERPILLAR WHEELED
EXCAVATORS

M312 M313C

M315 M315C

M316C

M318 M318C

M320 M322C

1B

• M300C Series: The The M315C and M318C replace the former M315 and M318
respectively. The M312 and the M320 are replaced by the heavier
- Replaces M300
M313C and M322C. The M316C is a new model that fills the widening
Hydraulic
Excavators
performance gap between the M315C and the M318C.
C-Models Engine Undercarriage Transmission Pump Regulator Main Valve Fan Speed
M313C 3054E Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1
M315C 3054E Type 2 Type 2 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1
M316C 3056E Type 2 Type 2 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2
M318C 3056E Type 3 Type 2 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2
M322C 3056E Type 4 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2 Type 2
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SIMILARITIES WITH Pilot Control System

FORMER MACHINES Main Hydraulic Pump
Swing Pump and Motor
Main Control Valve
Swivels
Cylinders
Transmission
Travel System
Axles and Brakes

• Similarities with The following M300C systems are similar to the M300 Excavators:
former machines
Pilot Control System: The function of the pilot control system
functions is similar to the former machines. The biggest change to the
pilot control system is the addition of the parking brake and
transmission selector valve group to the pilot manifold group.

Main Hydraulic Pump: The main hydraulic pump is very similar to

the former models. There were changes to the pump control.

Swing Pump and Motor: The swing pump and motor are the same as
former models.

Main Control Valve: The functionality of the main control valve is

similar to the former models.

Swivels: The hydraulic swivel is the same as the former models. A

similar electric swivel is used.

Cylinders: Similar cylinders are used boom, stick, and bucket

circuits. The stabilizer and dozer blade cylinders have different
locking check valves.
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Transmission and Travel System: The transmission and travel

systems are the same.

Axles and Brakes: The axles have not changed. The brake system is
similar. The brake system now receives supply oil from the
brake/steering/pilot/aux pump instead of a dedicated pump.
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DIFFERENCES FROM Base Engine

Fuel Pump
FORMER MACHINES
Engine Cooling System
Monitor
Cab Controls
Electronic Control System
Tool Control
Medium Pressure Attachment
Steering Metering Unit
Hydraulic Return Circuit

• Differences from The following M300C systems are different from the M300 Excavators.
former machines
Base Engine: The M316C, M318C, and M322C are equipped with
the Caterpillar 3056E engines. The engine use Air to Air After
Coolers (ATAAC).

Fuel pump: To meet emission standards an electronic fuel pump is

used. The fuel pump is similar in operation as the previous pump used
except some of the mechanical functions are now controlled by
solenoids and a Electronic Control Module (ECM) mounted to the
pump. The fuel pump is serviced as a unit.

Engine Cooling System: Due to the ATAAC, the radiator is remotely

mounted. A demand fan system is used. The fan speed is controlled
by a solenoid through the Machine ECM.

Monitor: A new monitor is used. The monitor is similar to the

monitor used on 300C Hydraulic Excavators.

Cab Controls: The cab control layout has been totally redesigned.
"Soft switches" have replaced many of the rocker switches used on the
previous machines.
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Electronic Control System: Standard machines are equipped with

four ECM's that Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET) can
communicate with. The four ECM's are the Engine ECM, the Machine
ECM, the monitor, and the soft switch panel.

The Engine Electronic Control Module (ECM) is an ADEM 4

controller. The Engine ECM helps regulate flow from the main
hydraulic pump and maintain target engine speed.

The Machine ECM is used to control the tool control system and other
machine features, like the Automatic Engine Speed Control (AESC).

The swashplate angle sensor replaces some of the AESC pressure

switch inputs to the Machine ECM. Depending on the swashplate
angle, the Machine ECM will signal the Engine ECM to return the
engine speed set lower than normal low idle.

The fuel pump has an additional ECM that is controlled by the Engine
ECM.

Machines can be equipped with the Machine Security System and

Product Link 201.

Tool Control: The tool control system is electronically controlled.

Up to five work tools can be preprogrammed through ET or the
monitor.

Medium Pressure Attachment: The medium pressure attachment

uses excess oil from the brake/pilot/steering/aux pump to power
circuits requiring low flow and medium pressure.

Steering Metering Unit: A new steering metering unit (SMU)

replaces the SMU that was used on the former machines

Hydraulic Return Circuit: A hydraulic demand fan has been added

to the return system.
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2
1

Machine Walk-Around

• Component locations: Most major components on the M300C Series are similar to the former
machines.
1. Upper structure

2. Stub boom
A variety of boom, stick, and bucket combinations are available. This
illustration shows a machine equipped with the Variable Angle (VA)
3. Fore boom boom. The VA boom can reduce the machine's height while roading.
One-piece booms are also available.
4. Stick

5. Bucket

6. Undercarriage
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2 3
4

1
5

8 7 6

• Component locations: Some of the major components of the machine are shown in this view.

1. Stabilizer The machines can be equipped with various attachments, stabilizer (1),
and dozer blade (5) combinations: two point stabilizers, four point
2. Operator's
compartment
stabilizers, two point stabilizers with a dozer blade, or just a dozer blade.

3. Access door to top Access to the operator's compartment (2) is from the left side of the
of machine machine. Behind the operator's compartment is a door (3) that provides
access to the top of the machine. The access door can be locked with the
4. Ground level standard ignition key.
refueling pump

Opening the access door at the rear provides access to the ground level
5. Dozer blade
refueling pump (4), the fuse panel (6), and the remote pressure taps (7).
6. Fuse panel The access door to the top of the machine must be opened to access the
release mechanism for the rear door.
7. Remote pressure
taps A toolbox (8) is integrated into the undercarriage.

8. Toolbox
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1
8
9
2

3 10

6
11
7

• Pressure taps: Seven remote pressure taps are located behind the access door on the left
rear of the machine.
1. Main pump
2. Load sense
The yellow switch (8) operates the optional ground level refueling pump
3. Pilot
4. Main pump (9). A hose is provided to connect to the filler tube (10). The refueling
powershift hose is normally stored in the toolbox.
5. Swing pump
powershift The fuse panel (11) is located behind a cover (not shown) that can be
6. Pilot/brake/ removed without tools.
steering/aux pump
7. Fan drive pump

Component locations:

8. Ground level
refueling switch
9. Ground level
refueling pump
10. Ground level
refueling filler cap
11. Fuse panel
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2 3

• Component locations: Opening the access door at the right rear of the machine reveals the pump
compartment (1) and the Caterpillar 3056E engine (2). The access door
1. Pump
for the engine and pump compartment can be locked with the standard
compartment
ignition key. The engine and pump compartment access door must be
2. 3056E engine opened to access the release mechanism for the front access door (3).

3. Access door
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6
1

2
7

• Components in front Below the cover at the front of the machine on the right side are
of engine additional components.
compartment:

The Air to Air After Cooler (ATAAC) (2) is mounted behind the air
1. Dryer
conditioning condenser (7).
2. ATAAC
To clean between the ATAAC and condenser, the latch (3) must be
3. Latch released to swing out the condenser.

4. Stud The stud (4) is used to assist in jump starting the batteries.

5. Batteries

6. Air filter

7. Air conditioner
condenser
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1 2 3 4 5 6

13 12 11 10 9 8 7

This illustration shows some of the components in the pump and engine
compartment.
• Engine compartment
components: The sampling valve below the engine oil filters (5) can be used to drain
the filters prior to their removal.
1. Fan drive pump

2. Swing pump

3. Main pump

4. Coolant reservoir

5. Engine oil filters

6. Alternator

7. A/C compressor

8. Fuel filter

9. Fuel/water
separator

10. Oil filler tube

11. Dipstick

12. Starter

13. Remote grease

fittings
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2
1

4
5

10

• Component locations: This illustration shows the components that are accessible from the top of
1. Engine the machine.
compartment
cover Open the cover (1) to access the top of the engine.
2. Hydraulic tank
breather The hydraulic tank breather (2) should not be confused with the hydraulic
tank filler cap (3). The hydraulic oil filter (4) is installed in the top of the
3. Hydraulic tank
filler cap
hydraulic tank.

4. Hydraulic oil filter The radiator and oil cooler are accessible by removing the two bolts (5).
5. Bolts

6. Fuel filler cap

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11

• 3056E Engine components: Raising the cover above the engine compartment provides access to
additional components and service points.
1. Coolant recovery
tank and fill cap

2. Machine interface
connector

3. Breather

4. Electronic fuel
injection pump
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11A

• 3054E Engine (top This illustration shows the top of the 3054E Engine.
view):

1. Coolant recovery
tank and filler cap

2. Engine Electronic
Control Module
(ECM)
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1 2

12

• Drain locations
1. Fuel tank drain
2. Hydraulic tank drain
Ecology drains for the fuel tank (1) and hydraulic tank (2) are located
under the upper structure. A drain hose for the fuel tank drain is normally
located in the storage location next to the fuse panel.
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5
3

4
2

13

Operator's Compartment

• Machine controls: Access to the operator's compartment is from the left side of the machine.

1. Joysticks Two joysticks (1) and pedals (2) actuate pilot valves used to control the
various machine hydraulic circuits.
2. Pedals

To start the machine, the left console must be in the RAISED position.
3. Steering wheel
After starting, the console is lowered to signal the electronic control
4. Swing lock pin system to energize the implement lockout solenoid mounted in the pilot
lever manifold (shown later). The solenoid allows pilot oil from the manifold
to flow to the pilot valves below the joysticks.
5. Service meter
The steering wheel (3) is used to steer the machine.

To prevent swinging from moving, the swing lock pin lever (4) can be
used to lock the upper structure to the lower carriage structure.
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14

• Pedal arrangement: The pedals are used to control various machine functions.
1. The hammer pedal
and or auxiliary Depress the upper or lower portion of the attachment pedal (1) or Variable
pedal (if equipped) Angle (VA) boom pedal (2) to change the direction of the boom or
attachment.
2. VA (variable angle)
boom pedal (if
To apply the service brakes, depress the brake pedal (4).
equipped)

3. Steering column tilt

To travel FORWARD, the upper portion of the travel pedal (5) is
pedal depressed. To travel REVERSE, the lower portion of the travel pedal is
depressed. Fully depressing the travel pedal for FORWARD will close a
4. Service brake switch to enter the Travel Mode. The travel lock switch, on the right
pedal console, can be selected to energize an electromagnet below the travel
pedal. The electromagnet will hold the travel pedal when the pedal is
5. Travel pedal
fully depressed.
6. Horn
The function of the swing brake is controlled by an automatic swing brake
control or a manual swing brake switch integrated into the left joystick.
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6
3

4
5

15

• Travel and brake
pedal components:
1. Travel pedal
2. Brake pedal
3. Switch to activate
Travel Mode
4. Travel lock
electromagnet
5. Switch to signal
ECM to lock
oscillating axle
6. Oscillating axle
release pedal
The travel pedal (1) and brake pedal (2) are shown in this illustration.
Below the travel pedal is a switch (3) that puts the machine in Travel
Mode when the pedal is fully depressed. The travel lock electromagnet
(4) is located below the switch. The electromagnet is controlled by a
switch on the side console. When energized the electromagnet will hold
the travel pedal in the fully depressed position.
Below the brake pedal is a switch (5) that signals the Machine ECM when
the pedal is fully depressed. The Machine ECM causes the oscillating
axle solenoid to de-energize in order to lock the oscillating axle. The
oscillating axle should be locked when the machine is excavating, either
in a stationary position or when traveling at a very slow speed.
If the brake pedal is fully depressed, the small pedal (6) must be
depressed to release the oscillating axle and brakes.
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3

2
4

16

• Left console: The left console features:

1. Left joystick The switch (2) on the front of the joystick (1) controls is the manual
swing brake.
2. Manual swing
brake control
The two buttons above this switch are used to control the medium
3. Console release pressure attachment circuit (if equipped).
lever

4. Stabilizer/blade
control lever

5. Radio ON/OFF
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2 3

17

• Right console: This illustration shows the right console.

1. Right joystick The joystick (1) on the console is used to control the boom and the
bucket. The switch (2), on the front of the joystick, is used to control the
2. One touch low idle
"one touch low idle" function.

The right console contains the soft switch panel (3), rocker switches (4),
and the controls for the heating and air conditioning system.
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JOYSTICK SWITCH FUNCTIONALITY

SWING
ONE TOUCH
BRAKE
LOW IDLE
(FRONT)
MEDIUM (FRONT)
PRESSURE
MEDIUM RIGHT CAB CAB
PRESSURE RISER RISER
LEFT UP DOWN
MAGNET
OFF
MAGNET
ON

LEFT RIGHT

17A

• Joystick switch The left joystick features a switch on the front of the joystick which
functions controls the manual swing brake. The two buttons on top of the joystick
are used to control the medium pressure attachment circuit (if equipped).
Presssing the left button energizes a solenoid that directs medium pressure
to the left side of the stick. Press the right button to direct medium
pressure oil to the right side of the stick.

The button on the front of the right joystick lowers the engine speed from
the current throttle position switch setting to LOW IDLE. Pressing the
button again or activating a hydraulic circuit, returns the engine speed to
the throttle position switch setting. If the machine is equipped with the
optional hydraulic cab riser, use the two buttons on top of the right
joystick to raise and lower the cab.

If the machine is equipped with a generator, the magnet is turned on by

pressing the button on top of the right joystick and off by pressing the
button on top of the left joystick.
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18

• Controls: A limp home switch (1) is located under the cover on the right console.
The switch is also called the "backup" switch.
1. Limp home switch
This switch will allow the machine to start if the Machine ECM fails.
2. Throttle position
switch (speed dial)
Although the machine can move while in backup mode, it will not be able
to perform work. If the Engine ECM fails, the engine will not start.
3. Key start switch
The throttle position switch (2) has 10 detent positions to select various
engine speeds.

The key start switch switch (3) must be turned to the ON position for
about three seconds before turning to the START position. This time is
required for the monitor to be perform checks of the various machine
systems.

When the CAT logo fully appears on the display screen of the monitor,
the key start switch can be turned to the START position.

Failure to do so, will cause the engine not to start or if it does start, the
system may generate an error message on the display.
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1 2 3 4 5

10 9 8 7 6

19

• Soft switch panel The soft switch panel has switches for various machine functions.
switches:

1. Automatic Engine
Speed Control
(AESC)

2. Power mode

3. Oscillating axle

4. Creeper speed

5. Travel lock

6. Travel alarm cancel

7. Transmission speed
- HIGH / LOW

8. Implement lockout

9. Parking brake

10. Not used

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4 6 9
2

1 3 5 7 8 10

20

• Rocker switches: Various rocker switches can be installed in the right console. Which
switches are installed depends on which attachments are installed on the
1. Overload warning
machine.
2. Hazards
If the machine is equipped with a front dozer blade, the rocker switch for
3. Headlights the right front stabilizer (5) is replaced with a plug. This illustration
shows the rocker switches for a machine with a rear dozer blade. If the
4. Left front stabilizer machine was equipped with rear stabilizers, the plug (7) would be
/ Dozer replaced with a rocker switch.

5. Right front
stabilizer

6. Left rear stabilizer /

Dozer

7. Plug

8. Front flood lamp

9. Rear flood lamp

10. Beacon
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1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

21

• Heating and air The heating and air conditioning system is electronically controlled. The
conditioner controls: control panel for the heating and air conditioning system is located on the
right console.
1. Temperature
control
2. Automatic NOTE: For complete information regarding the heating and air
temperature control conditioning system, refer to Specifications, Systems Operation,
3. Recirculation Testing and Adjusting, "M313C, M315C, M316C, M318C and
4. Air conditioning M322C Excavators Air Conditioning and Heating" (Form
ON/OFF control
RENR6965).
5. Ambient
temperature
6. Fan speed control
7. Defroster control
8. Air flow to feet
9. Air flow behind
operator
10. Air flow to head
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22

• Monitor A new monitor is used to monitor machine functions, to select work tools,
and to lock and unlock the quick coupler.

The monitor panel displays alert various machine operation mode

indicators and alert indicators. The monitor also features gauges for the
hydraulic oil temperature, the engine coolant temperature, and the fuel
level.

The monitor also displays the throttle position switch (speed dial)
position.

NOTE: Although similar in appearance to the monitor used on 300C

Excavators, the menu navigation of the M300C monitor is different.
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3
2 4
1

5
8 7 6

24

• Hydraulic pump This illustration shows the components of the pump compartment. The
compartments main pump is connected to the engine by a flexible coupling. The swing
components:
pump is attached to the main pump. The fan drive pump is attached to the
1. Fan drive pump
swing pump.

2. Swing charge
pump

3. Swing pump
regulator

4. Main pump

5. Swashplate angle
sensor

6. Main pump control

valve

7. Swing pump

8. Swing charge
pump filter
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

26

• M318C/322C main This illustration shows the main control valve group for the M318C and
control valve M322C. The main difference between the main control valve group for
components:
the M318C/M322C and the main control valve group for the M316C is
1. Combined function
the position of the signal limiter valve (8) and the main relief valve (7).
valve (optional)

2. Bucket control
valve

3. Travel control
valve

4. Stabilizer/dozer
control valve

5. Stick control valve

6. Boom control valve

7. Main relief valve

8. Signal limiter valve

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

27

• Pilot manifold The pilot manifold distributes pilot oil to various machine systems. The
components: pilot manifold is located behind the cab.
1. Oscillating axle
solenoid valve

2. Creeper solenoid
valve

3. Swing brake
solenoid valve

4. Travel solenoid
valve

5. Implement lockout
solenoid valve

6. Transmission
speed solenoid
valve

7. Parking brake
solenoid valve

8. Pressure reducing relief !!!

valve
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4
1
3

28

• Travel system The travel drive system consists of a variable displacement

components: bi-directional, piston-type travel motor (3), transmission (1), two drive
axles driven by two driveshafts (2).
1. Transmission

2. Drive shaft The travel motor is equipped with a separate travel brake valve (4). The
two speed, mechanical-type transmission is equipped with two individual
3. Travel motor spring applied and hydraulically released multiple disc clutches.

4. Brake valve The transmission has a separate downshift inhibitor that prevents the
transmission from being downshifted if the travel speed is above a certain
speed.
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29

• Front axle The drive axles, one fixed and one steerable, consists of a differential gear
components: group, individual multiple disc wheel brakes and planetary final drives.
1. Double-acting
The rear axle is a fixed and the front axle is steerable. The front axle has
steering cylinder
two universal joints to allow full power to each wheel during turns.
2. Steerable front axle

3. Differential
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1
2

72

• Service brake valve: Brake oil accumulator pressure switch (1) signals the Machine ECM
when the service brake oil accumulator drops below 10000 kPa
1. Brake oil
(1450 psi). The Machine ECM sends this information to the monitor on
accumulator
pressure switch the CAN data link. The monitor will display a Category 3 warning.

2. Service brake Service brake pressure switch (2) signals the Machine ECM that service
pressure switch brakes have been activated. The Machine ECM uses this information to
activate the brake lights and travel lock functions. The actuation pressure
of the service brake pressure switch is 50 kPa (7 psi).
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74

• Fuel level sensor The Machine ECM measures the resistance of fuel level sensor (arrow) to
(arrow) determine the fuel level. The Machine ECM sends this information on
the CAN data link to the monitor where it is displayed on a gauge.

The fuel level sensor is located on top of the fuel tank.

NOTE: A plate was removed in this photo.

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82

Diagnostic Tools

• Electronic Technician Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET) is used in place of the M300
Technician software program that was used on previous machines. M300
Technician is still required for servicing the former machines; however,
M300 Technician will not communicate with the M300C Excavators.

The M300C Excavator's ECM's use two data links to communicate. The
Engine ECM, Machine ECM, the optional Product Link, and the optional
Machine Security System communicate via the Cat Data Link (CDL).
The monitor and soft switch panel communicate with the Engine ECM
and the Machine ECM on the J1939 CAN Data Link, but do not access
the CDL.

During a flash download to the Machine ECM, ET normally uses the

CDL. When flashing the Engine ECM, the monitor, and the soft switch
panel, ET uses the J1939 CAN Data Link. If the J1939 CAN Data Link is
not available, ET can flash download software to the Engine ECM via the
slower CDL. Because the 7X-1700 Communication Adapter (Com
Adapter I) cannot communicate on the J1939 CAN Data Link, the 171-
4400 Communication Adapter (Com Adapter II) should be used if the
monitor or soft switch panel are to be flashed.
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110

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

• Batteries (arrow) The batteries (arrow) are located below the ATTAC at the front, right side
of the machine.
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111

• Fuse panel (arrow) The fuse panel is located on the left side of the machine near the fuel tank.
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118

Demand Fan System

• Demand fan drive The demand fan system is used to cool the engine cooling system and the
pump (arrow) hydraulic system.

The pump (arrow) for the demand fan is mounted to the rear of the swing
pump.
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3 1 2

119

• Components: The radiator group consists of the radiator (1) and the oil cooler (2).

1. Radiator The demand fan (3) is driven by the fan drive pump. Maximum fan speed
is controlled by the Machine ECM.
2. Oil cooler

2. Fan
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122

Pilot Control System

• Components: The pilot control system for the M300C Series machines is similar to the
- Brake/pilot /steering former machines. Flow for the pilot system comes from the
and auxiliary pump brake/pilot/steering and auxiliary pump (arrow). The single gear pump
replaces tandem replaces the tandem gear pumps used on the former machines. The pilot
gear pumps circuit has a separate filter, accumulator, and relief valve to regulate the
maximum pilot pressure in the circuit.
• Pilot system similar to
former machines
On machines with the medium pressure attachment, a pressure reducing
valve, located in the pilot manifold, controls the pressure and flow to the
pilot system. The remaining flow is then available for the medium
pressure attachment circuit.
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160

• Combined function The combined function valve (arrow) is used to operate work tools. The
valve valve uses two proportional solenoids to control the flow and maximum
pressure of the work tool circuit.

An additional solenoid valve is used to select one-way or two-way oil

flow.

These solenoids are controlled through the Machine ECM. Up to five

different work tools can be preprogrammed using the monitor or ET.
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3
4

236

• Brake and steering The SMU (1), brake valve (2), and steering priority valve (3) are located
system components: below the cab at the front of the machine.
1. SMU
Also shown in this picture is a return manifold (4) for the pilot system.
2. Brake valve

3. Steering priority
valve

4. Return manifold
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1
2

237

• Steering priority valve The steering priority valve is mounted below the cab. The steering
connections: priority valve provides the SMU with priority flow from the
brake/pilot/steering/aux pump.
1. Load sensing
signal (LS)

2. To SMU (CF)

3. To brake valve (EF)

4. From pump (P)