KINgdom animalia (chordata)

Character pisces amphibia Reptilian aves Mammalian

cyclostomata chondrichthyes osteichthyes Aanamniotes, Amniotes and Lack bladder in Highest brain
cold blooded cold blooded excretory capacities
system

Body Long and eel like Fusiform body Stream lined Variable with or Streamlined Strearn lind, With hairs and
body without tail with four mammary
divisions head, glands
neck, trunk and
tail

Movement No paired No swim bladder Fins and swim Tetrapod limbs Better Flight and Limbs
appendages enlarges pectoral bladder or developed walking
fins legless limbs for
(Caecelians). efficient
webbed feet locomotion

Digestion Lacks stomach J shaped stomach, Terminal mouth. Tube like and Complete No teeth but Complete and
Ventral sectorial Ventral mouth & teeth may be complete digestive have gizzard specialized,
mouth olfactory sacs not found system for crushing two sets of
connected food teeth

Prepared by: Muhammad Saif Saifi

Nmdcat session 2022-23

 KINgdom animalia (chordata)

Respiration 6-14 pairs of gills 5-7 pairs of gills 4-5 pairs of gills, Gills in larva & Lungs Syrinx for Lungs & larynx
operculum lungs in adults, voice, Lungs, at the top of
present metamorphosis extended to taraches
form air sacs,
have
parabrpnchi
and one way air
flow

Circulation Single circuit & Single circuit & Single circuit Three Four Four Four
Heart with one Multiple aortic with one auricle chambered heart chambered chambered chambered
auricle arches and one atrium and double heart heart and heart and left
circuit double circuit aortic arch.
circulation circulation, Non nucleated
right aortic RBCs
arch

Skeleton Cartilaginous and Cartilaginous and Bony, Cycloid, Bony endo, Epidermal Bony
scales absent Placoid scales Ganoid or Bony skeleton, Dry scaly skin exoskeleton, Endoskeleton
ctenoid scales smooth skin with feathers, &: two body
glands and scales on legs, cavities due to
chromatophores, hollow bones, diaphragm,
scales absent large skull inner ear
sockets, jaws ossicles
extend to form
a beak
ReproduCtion Sexual, separate Sexual & separate Separate sexes Separate sexes. Copulatory Separate Separate
sexes lampreys, sexes, oviparous or external external organ for inte sexes, internal sexes,
hag fishes are viviparous fertilization fertilization mal usually without Viviparous,

Prepared by: Muhammad Saif Saifi

Nmdcat session 2022-23

 KINgdom animalia (chordata)
hermaphrodite fertiliazation, copulatory internal
oviparous, organ, only one fertilization
large yolky ovary and
eggs oviduct is
functional
Examples Hag fish and Skate, Rays and Perch, trout. Frog, toad, Lizard, snake. Ostrich, Kiwi, 1.Prototheria
lamprey Sharks Palaice salamander Crocodiles, Robin, Kestel, or egg laying
Sphenodon kingfisher. (Duck bill and
sparrow, platypus)
Mallard 2. Metatheria
or pouched
(kangroo,
opossum and
tas manian
wolf).
3. Eutheria
(placental
mammals,
human, whale,
elephant,
horse, rat,
mice, bat &
dolphin)
Importance Primitive Predator. Food. Important in Food chain, Adapted to Food chain,
chordates source of vit A and food chain. biodiversity land evolved from
D by liver oil Biodiversity, archaeopteryx
Developed into
dipnoi

Prepared by: Muhammad Saif Saifi

Nmdcat session 2022-23