Cross-Section information

General section information

hx ≔ 20 in
5
― 2
hy ≔ 24 in 8
3
― 2.8
Re ≔ 2.75 - ((0.25 + 0.635)) in 4

h''x ≔ hx - 2. Re h''x = 16.27 in

h''y ≔ hy - 2. Re h''y = 20.27 in

cov ≔ 1.615 in

Longitudinal reinforcement
information
Bar# ≔ 10

Nºbar ≔ 7

Ab ≔ 1.27 in2

dbl ≔ 1.27 in

fy ≔ 60 ksi

Transverse reinforcement information

Bar# ≔ 4

At ≔ 0.2 in2

dbt ≔ 1.27 in

S ≔ 10 in

S' ≔ 9.5 in

nx ≔ 2

ny ≔ 2

fyh ≔ 60 ksi

Properties of the concrete

fyh ≔ 60

Properties of the concrete

f'c ≔ 4 ksi
0.5
((f'c ⋅ 1000))
Ec ≔ 57000 ―――― psi
1000

Ec = 3604.997 ksi

Properties Steel

Esteel ≔ 29000 ksi

2. Confining effect of transverse reinforcement

Confinement effectiveness coefficient
⎛ ⎛ wi 2 wj 2 ⎞⎞ ⎛
Ke ≔ 0.29 ⎜1 - ⎜8 ⋅ ――+ 6. ――⎟⎟ ⋅ ⎜
⎝ ⎝ 6 ⋅ Ac 6. Ac ⎠⎠ ⎝
ke ≔ ―――――――――
Effective confining pressure 1 - ρcc

At
ρx ≔ nx ⋅ ―― = 0.002
h''y ⋅ S
At
ρy ≔ ny ⋅ ――― = 0.0025
h''x ⋅ S

f'lx ≔ Ke ⋅ ρx ⋅ fyh = 0.0343

f'lx
―― = 0.0086
f'c

f'ly ≔ Ke ⋅ ρy ⋅ fyh = 0.0428

f'ly
―― = 0.0107
f'c
f'cc
K ≔ ―― K ≔ 1.05
f'c
f'cc ≔ K ⋅ f'c = 4.2

Ultimate compression strain

ρs ≔ ρx + ρy = 0.004

εsm ≔ 0.10
ρs ≔ ρx + ρy = 0.004

εsm ≔ 0.10
εsm
εcu ≔ 0.004 + 1.4 ρs ⋅ fyh ⋅ ―― = 0.013
f'cc
εcm ≔ εcu = 0.013

Design parameters for the equivalent stress block

⎛ ⎛ f'cc ⎞⎞
εcc ≔ 0.002 ⋅ ⎜1 + 5 ⋅ ⎜―― - 1⎟⎟ = 0.0025
⎝ ⎝ f'c ⎠⎠

Values considered to calculate α and β

εcm
―― = 5.145
εcc

K ≔ 1.05

β ≔ 1.00 Nomograma

α.β ≔ 0.65
0.65
α ≔ ―― = 0.65
β

3. Stress-Strain relationship
Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Ec = 3604.997
f'cc
Esec ≔ ―― = 1680
εcc

Paramtere "r"
Ec
r ≔ ――――= 1.873
((Ec - Esec))

Stress of the confined concrete

εc
x ≔ ――
εcc
f'cc ⋅ x ⋅ r
fc ≔ ――――
((r - 1 + x ⋅ r))
2700 ⋅ εc
fc ≔ ――――――
⎛ εc 1.75 ⎞
⎜0.75 + ―――⎟
⎝ 0.000034 ⎠
 2700 ⋅ εc
fc ≔ ――――――
⎛ εc 1.75 ⎞
⎜0.75 + ―――⎟
⎝ 0.000034 ⎠

⎡0 ⎤
⎢ 5 ⋅ 10 -4 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ 2700 ⋅ εc
⎢ 0.001 ⎥ fc ((εc)) ≔ ――――――
⎢ 0.002 ⎥
⎛ εc 1.75 ⎞
⎢ 0.002 ⎥ ⎜0.75 + ―――⎟
⎢ 0.003 ⎥ ⎝ 0.000034 ⎠
⎢ ⎥
εc = ⎢ 0.003 ⎥
⎢ 0.004 ⎥
⎢ 0.004 ⎥
⎢ 0.005 ⎥ 4.5

⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0.005 ⎥
4.05

⎢ 0.006 ⎥ 3.6

⎢⎣ ⋮ ⎥⎦ 3.15

2.7

2.25
fc ((εc))
1.8

1.35

0.9

0.45

0
0 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.014

εc

4. Unconfining effect of transverse reinforcement

Unonfinement effectiveness coefficient
Ke ≔ 0.0

Effective confining pressure

At
ρx ≔ nx ⋅ ―― ρx ≔ 0.0000
h''y ⋅ S
At
ρy ≔ ny ⋅ ――― ρy ≔ 0.0000
h''x ⋅ S

f'lx ≔ Ke ⋅ ρx ⋅ fyh = 0
f'lx ≔ Ke ⋅ ρx ⋅ fyh = 0

f'lx
―― =0
f'c

f'ly ≔ Ke ⋅ ρy ⋅ fyh = 0

f'ly
―― =0
f'c
f'cc
K ≔ ―― K ≔ 1.00
f'c
f'cc ≔ K ⋅ f'c = 4

Ultimate compression strain

ρs ≔ ρx + ρy = 0

εsm ≔ 0.10
εsm
εcu ≔ 0.004 + 1.4 ρs ⋅ fyh ⋅ ―― = 0.004
f'cc
εcm ≔ εcu = 0.004

Design parameters for the equivalent stress block

⎛ ⎛ f'cc ⎞⎞
εcc ≔ 0.002 ⋅ ⎜1 + 5 ⋅ ⎜―― - 1⎟⎟ = 0.002
⎝ ⎝ f'c ⎠⎠

Values considered to calculate α and β

εcm
―― =2
εcc

K ≔ 1.00

5. Stress-Strain relationship
Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Ec = 3604.997
f'cc
Esec ≔ ―― = 2000
εcc

Paramtere "r"
Ec
r ≔ ――――= 2.246
((Ec - Esec))
 Ec
r ≔ ――――= 2.246
((Ec - Esec))

Stress of the unconfined concrete

εc2
x2 ≔ ――
εcc
f'cc ⋅ x2 ⋅ r
fc ≔ ――――
((r - 1 + x ⋅ r))
4500 ⋅ εc2
fc ≔ ―――――――
⎛ εc2 2.25 ⎞
⎜1.25 + ――――⎟
⎝ 0.000000846 ⎠

⎡0 ⎤
⎢ 5 ⋅ 10 -4 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0.001 ⎥ 4500 ⋅ εc2
⎢ 0.002 ⎥ fc ((εc2)) ≔ ―――――――
εc2 = ⎢ 0.002 ⎥ ⎛ εc2 2.25 ⎞
⎢ 0.003 ⎥ ⎜1.25 + ――――⎟
⎢ ⎥ ⎝ 0.000000846 ⎠
⎢ 0.003 ⎥
⎢ 0.004 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0.004 ⎥⎦ fc ((εc
4.4

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.4

2 fc ((εc2))
1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0
0 4⋅10⁻⁴
8⋅10⁻⁴0.0010.0020.0020.0020.0030.0030.0040.004

εc2

4.4

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.4

2
 4

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.4

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0
0 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.012 0.014

εc

εc2

6. Information

6.1 Material Properties

f'c ≔ 4 ksi

fys ≔ 60 ksi
0.5
((f'c ⋅ 1000))
Ec ≔ 57000 ―――― psi
1000

Ec = 3604.997 ksi

Esteel ≔ 29000 ksi

6.2 Section information

As ≔ 1.27 ⋅ 4 = 5.08 in2

A's ≔ 1.27 ⋅ 3 = 3.81 in2

d ≔ 24 - 2.75 = 21.25 in

d' ≔ 2.75 in

b ≔ 20.00 in

h ≔ 24.00 in
As
ρ ≔ ―― = 0.012
b⋅d
h ≔ 24.00 in
As
ρ ≔ ―― = 0.012
b⋅d
A's
ρ' ≔ ―― = 0.009
b⋅d
h
yt ≔ ― = 12
2

7. Moment-Curvature Relationship

7.1 At Cracking

εy ≔ 0.0021

b ⋅ h3
Ig ≔ ――= 23040 in4
12
0.5
fr ≔ 7.5 ⋅ ((f'c ⋅ 1000)) = 474.342 psi

⎛ fr ⋅ Ig ⎞
⎜――⎟
⎝ yt ⎠
Mcr ≔ ――― = 910.736 kip - in
1000

Mcr
φcr ≔ ――― = 1.096 ⋅ 10 -5
Ec ⋅ Ig

7.2 At Yielding

Esteel
n ≔ ――― = 8.044
Ec
0.5
⎛ 2 ⎛ d' ⎞ ⎞
k ≔ ⎜((ρ + ρ')) ⋅ ((n)) 2 + 2 ⋅ ⎜ρ + ρ' ⋅ ―⎟ ⋅ n⎟ - ((ρ + ρ')) ⋅ n = 0.321
⎝ ⎝ d⎠ ⎠
((k ⋅ d - d'))
ε's ≔ εy ⋅ ―――― = 0.0006
((d - k ⋅ d))

f's ≔ Esteel ⋅ ε's = 17.1723 ksi

⎛ d⎞ ⎛ d⎞
My ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - k ⋅ ―⎟ - A's ⋅ f's ⋅ ⎜ d' - k ⋅ ―⎟ = 5752.969 kip - in
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
εy
φy ≔ ――― = 1.455 ⋅ 10 -4
d-k⋅d
 εy
φy ≔ ――― = 1.455 ⋅ 10 -4
d-k⋅d

7.3 At Ultimate

f'cc ≔ 4.2

α ≔ 0.65

β1 ≔ 1.0

bc ≔ h''x = 16.27

dc ≔ d - cov - dbt = 18.365 19.14

As ⋅ fy
c ≔ ――――― = 6.862
α ⋅ f'cc ⋅ bc ⋅ β1

⎛ c⎞
Mu ≔ ((α ⋅ f'cc ⋅ β1 ⋅ c ⋅ bc)) ⋅ ⎜dc - β1 ⋅ ―⎟ = 4551.849
⎝ 2⎠
εcu
φu ≔ ―― = 5.829 ⋅ 10 -4
c

8. Moment-Curvature data

Mcr = 910.736 φcr = 1.096 ⋅ 10 -5

My = 5.753 ⋅ 10 3 φy = 1.455 ⋅ 10 -4

Mu = 4.552 ⋅ 10 3 φu = 5.829 ⋅ 10 -4

5.9⋅10³

5.4⋅10³

4.9⋅10³

4.4⋅10³

3.9⋅10³

3.4⋅10³

2.9⋅10³
Mcr
2.4⋅10³
My
1.9⋅10³
Mu
1.4⋅10³

900

1⋅10⁻⁵ 6.5⋅10⁻⁵1.2⋅10⁻⁴1.75⋅10⁻⁴2.3⋅10⁻⁴2.85⋅10⁻⁴3.4⋅10⁻⁴3.95⋅10⁻⁴4.5⋅10⁻⁴5.05⋅10⁻⁴5.6⋅10⁻⁴6.15⋅10⁻⁴

φcr
3.4⋅10³

2.9⋅10³
Mcr
2.4⋅10³
My
1.9⋅10³
Mu
1.4⋅10³

900

1⋅10⁻⁵ 6.5⋅10⁻⁵1.2⋅10⁻⁴1.75⋅10⁻⁴2.3⋅10⁻⁴2.85⋅10⁻⁴3.4⋅10⁻⁴3.95⋅10⁻⁴4.5⋅10⁻⁴5.05⋅10⁻⁴5.6⋅10⁻⁴6.15⋅10⁻⁴

φcr

φy

φu