3.8 Solving Problem 4.

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Given:

∆߳ p = 4.2 x 10-3, f'c = 47.2 MPa (6.85 ksi), ߳ sh = -0.3 x 10-3, Ec = 26.6 x 103 MPa (3858 ksi),
fy = 404 MPa (58.6 ksi), fcr = 3.2 MPa (464 psi), Ep = Es = 30,000 ksi (206850 MPa).
4-10M bars 400 mm2 (0.62 in2), 3-0.5 in. dia 270k strands 0.153 in2 (98.71 mm2),
Concrete section Area = 250mm x 250mm.

Requirement: Predict the load response.

Solving Procedure:-
1- Calculate Ac , Ap , and As.
As = 400 x 4 = 1600 mm2 (2.48 in2)..
Ap = 98.71 x 3 = 296.13 mm2 (0.459 in2).
Ac = ( 250 x 250 ) – 1600 – 296.13 = 60603.87 mm2 (93.94 in2).

2- Assume concrete strain and calculate the relative effect strain for all component.

߳ cf = ߳ c (assumed) – ߳sh → ߳cf = -0.2 x 10-3– (-0.3 x 10-3) = 0.1 x 10-3

߳ sf = ߳ s = ߳ c (assumed) = -0.2 x 10-3
߳ pf = ߳ c (assumed) + ∆߳p → ߳pf = -0.2 x 10-3 + 4.2 x 10-3 = 4 x 10-3

3- Calculate fc , fs , fp , N.
Fc = ( α1 x α2 x fcr ) / 1 + √( 500 ߳ cf )
α1 = ( As x α1 + Ap x α1) / As + Ap → α1 = (2.48 x 1 + 0.459 x 0 ) / 2.48 + 0.459 = 0.84
α2 = 0.7 for sustained or repeated loads.
Fc = 1.54 MPa.
Fp = 200 x 103 x ߳ pf ( 0.025 + ( 0.975 / (1 +((118 ߳ pf)^10)^0.1))) = 799.96 MPa.
Fs = ߳ sf x Es → Fs = - 41.37 MPa.
N = Fc x Ac + Fp x Ap + Fs x As
N = 1.54 x 60603.87 + 799.96 x 296.13 - 41.37 x 1600 = 264 KN.

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4- This calculation above have been repeated for a number of values of ߳ c and the result of
these are summarized in following table:

fc fs fp
߳c ߳cf ߳sf ߳pf N ( kN )
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
-0.00030 0.00000 -0.00030 0.00390 1.88 -62 780 246
-0.00025 0.00005 -0.00025 0.00395 1.62 -52 790 250
-0.00020 0.00010 -0.00020 0.00400 1.54 -41 800 264
-0.00015 0.00015 -0.00015 0.00405 1.48 -31 810 280
-0.00010 0.00020 -0.00010 0.00410 1.43 -21 820 296
0.00000 0.00030 0.00000 0.00420 1.36 0 840 331
0.00010 0.00040 0.00010 0.00430 1.30 21 860 367
0.00015 0.00045 0.00015 0.00435 1.28 31 870 385
0.00020 0.00050 0.00020 0.00440 1.25 41 880 403
0.00025 0.00055 0.00025 0.00445 1.23 52 890 421
0.00030 0.00060 0.00030 0.00450 1.22 61 899 438
0.00030 0.00060 0.00030 0.00450 1.22 62 900 439
0.00035 0.00065 0.00035 0.00455 1.20 72 910 458
0.00040 0.00070 0.00040 0.00460 1.18 83 920 476
0.00045 0.00075 0.00045 0.00465 1.17 93 930 495
0.00049 0.00079 0.00049 0.00469 1.16 101 938 510
0.00050 0.00080 0.00050 0.00470 1.15 103 940 514
0.00100 0.00130 0.00100 0.00520 1.04 207 1039 702
0.00150 0.00180 0.00150 0.00570 0.97 310 1138 892
0.00200 0.00230 0.00200 0.00620 0.91 404 1235 1067
0.00300 0.00330 0.00300 0.00720 0.82 404 1415 1115
0.00350 0.00380 0.00350 0.00770 0.79 404 1492 1136

Table 3.1 Predicted response of bar encased in concrete

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 1200

1000

800

axial load (kN)

Load Deformation response
600

400

200

average strain 0
0.00400 0.00350 0.00300 0.00250 0.00200 0.00150 0.00100 0.00050 0.00000 -0.00050

Figure 3.1 Load deformation response of partially prestressed member

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3.9 Solving Problem 4.9
Given:

∆߳ p = 4.2 x 10-3, N = 510 KN (115 kips), Es = 30,000 ksi (206850 MPa), dc = 1.79 in.
Ep = 30,000 ksi (206850 MPa), 4-10M bars 400 mm2 (0.62 in2), Area = 9.84 in x 9.84 in,
3-0.5 in. dia 270k strands 0.153 in2 (98.71 mm2).

Requirement: Estimate the average crack width subjected to axial tension load of 510 kN.

A) Procedure By Using Gergely-Lutz Approach:-

1- Calculate Ap , and As.

As = 400 x 4 = 1600 mm2 (2.48 in2)..
Ap = 98.71 x 3 = 296.13 mm2 (0.459 in2).

2- Calculate ߳ scr

߳ scr = ( N – Ap x Ep x ∆߳ p ) / ( Ap x Ep + As x Es )
߳ scr = (115 – 0.459 x 30 x 103 x 4.2 x 10-3) / ( 0.459 x 30 x 103 + 2.48 x 30 x 103 )
߳ scr = 0.65 x 10 -3

3- Calculate the effective area of concrete surrounding each bar A, is found by dividing the
total concrete area by the equivalent number, n , of bars.
n = As + Ap / bar Area → n = ( 2.48 + 0.459 ) / 0.62 → n = 4.74
A = ( 9.84 x 9.84 ) / 4.74 = 20.43 in2.

4- Calculate the maximum crack width ߱max.

߱max = 2.2 x β x ߳ scr x ∛( dc x A )

߱max = 2.2 x 1 x 0.65 x 10-3 x ∛( 1.79 x 20.43 )
߱max = 0.0047 in (0.12 mm).

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B) Procedure By Using CEB-FIP Approach:-

From the previous table we found that for N = 510 KN (115 kips), ߳ c = 0.49 x 10-3

1- Calculate average k1. Where ks1=0.4 and kp1=0.8

K1 = (As x k1 + Ap x k1) / As + Ap
ሺଶ.ସ଼∗଴.ସሻା(଴.ସହଽ∗଴.଼)
K1 = ଶ.ସ଼ା଴.ସହଽ
= 0.46

2- K2 = 0.25 for pure tension.

3- Calculate Sm
ௌ ୢୠ
Sm = 2 ( c + ଵ଴ ) + k1 x k2 x ࣋௘௙
଺.ଶ଺ ଴.଼ଽ
Sm = 2 ( 1.79 + ) + ( 0.46 x 0.25 x )
ଵ଴ ଶ.ଽଷଽ/ଽ଺.଼ଶ

Sm = 8.204 in.

4- Calculate the average crack width.

߱m = ߳c x Sm
߱m = 8.204 x 0.49 x 10-3 = 0.00402 in

5- Calculate the maximum crack width ߱max.

߱max = 1.7 x ߱m
߱max =1.7 x 0.00246
߱max = 0.0068 in (0.17 mm).

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