UNIT 11 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

A/ LÝ THUYẾT
I. Revision of Future Tenses (Ôn tập Thì tương lai)
1. Future Simple (Tương lai đơn)
a. Structure (Cấu trúc)
Khẳng định (Affirmative) Phủ định (Negative) Nghi vấn (Question)
S + will + V (nguyên) S + will not (won’t) + V (nguyên) Will + S + V (nguyên)?
 Yes, S + will.
 No, S + won’t.
I will buy a cake tomorrow. I won’t go to school tommorrow. Will he travel in HCM City next
week?
- Yes, he will.
b. Cách dùng (Usage)
Chúng ta dùng thì tương lai đơn để:
- Diễn tả hành động hay sự việc xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ví dụ: People will use flying cars in 2030.
- Trong mệnh đề chính của câu điều kiện loại 1.
Ví dụ: If you fail to pass the exam, your parents will be unhappy.
- Diễn đạt một dự đoán không có căn cứ.
Ví dụ: I think she won’t come and join our party.
- Diễn đạt lời hứa.
Ví dụ: I promise I will pay you back.
c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Signal words)
- In + (thời gian): trong bao lâu: in 5 minutes (trong 5 phút)
- Tomorrow: ngày mai
- Next day/ next week/ next month/ next year: ngày tới, tuần tới, tháng tới, năm tới.
- Soon: sớm thôi
- In the future
- In + năm (tương lai) (in 1030)
- think, hope, promise
2. Future Continuous (Tương lai tiếp diễn) (Unit 10)
II. Reported Speech (Câu gián tiếp)
 Câu gián tiếp hay còn gọi là câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói của người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp.
 Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta cần lưu ý:
 Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu chia ở thì quá khứ (said, told), thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp,
chúng ta phải lùi thì, thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian , ngôi/ tân ngữ.
Ví dụ: He said: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”
 He said that he was going to Ha Noi the following week.
* Một số thay đổi cơ bản khi tường thuật
a. Các đại từ
Các đại từ Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
Subject pronouns I She/ He
You I/ We/ They

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We We/ They
me him/ her
Object pronouns you me/ us/ them
us us/ them
my his/ her
Possessive adjectives your my/ our/ their
our our/ their
mine his/ hers
Possessive pronouns yours mine/ ours/ theirs
ours ours/ theirs
this that
Demonstratives
these those
b. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The next day/ the following day
Tomorrow morning The next morning
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
Ago Before
Now Then
Next (Tuesday) The next/ following (Tuesday)
Last (Tuesday) The previous (Tuesday)/ the (Tuesday) before
The day after tomorrow In two day’s time/ two days after
The day before Two days before
Here There
c. Thì của động từ
Trực tiếp Công thức Gián tiếp Công thức
Hiện tại đơn - V (bare)/ V (s, es) Quá khứ đơn (Past - Ved/ V2
(Present Simple) He said: “I live in a big city.” Simple) He said that he lived in a big
- is/ am/ are city.
She said: “ I am at home.” - was/ were
She said that she was at home.
Quá khứ đơn - Ved/ V2 Quá khứ hoàn thành - Had Ved/ V3
(Past Simple) Peter said: “ I did it by myself.” (Past Perfect) Peter said that he had done it
- Was/ Were by himself.
Mary said: “I was in the park.” - Had been
Mary said that she had been in
the park.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn - Am/ Is/ Are + V-ing Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past - Was/ Were + V-ing

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(Present She said: “We are learning.” Continuous) She said that they were
Continuous) learning.

Quá khứ tiếp - Was/ Were + V-ing Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp - Had + been + V-ing
diễn (Past He said: “I was sleeping at this diễn (Past Perfect He said that he was sleeping at
Continuous) time yesterday.” Continuous) that time the previous day.
Hiện tại hoàn - Have/ Has + V3/ Ved Quá khứ hoàn thành - Had + V3/ Ved
thành He said: “Someone has stolen (Past Perfect) He said that someone had
(Present perfect) my bag.” stolen his bag.
Tương lai đơn - Will + V (bare) - Would + V (bare)
(Simple Future) Lan said: “I will call you.” Lan said that she would call
me.
Tương lai gần - Am/ Is/ Are + going to + V - Was/ Were + going to + V
(Near future) (bare) (bare)
Huong said: “we are going to Huong said that they were
have a party.” going to have a party.
- Can/ Could - Could
He said: “ I can come to visit He said that he could come to
you.” visit me.
- Shall/ Would - Would
She said: “ I would help you.” She said that she would help
me.

- Should - Should
Hoa said: “You should arrive Hoa said that I should arrive
Động từ khiếm on time.” on time.
khuyết
- May - Might
My teacher said: “You may use My teacher said that I might
dictionaries for this test.” use dictionaries for that test.
- Need - Needed/ Had to
He said: “I need do it.” He said that he needed/ had to
do it.
- Must/ have to - Had to
She said: “ I must wear She said that she had to wear
uniform at school.” uniform at school.
Lưu ý: said that = told sb that
B/ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. By 2030 all students (have) ______ their own computers in school.
2. I can’t come to your party next Friday as I (work) ______ on that day.
3. I know she’s sick, but ______ she (be) ______ back to school tomorrow?
4. You (not pass) ______ your exams if you don’t start working harder.
5. At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, he (work) ______.
6. Good Lord! The engine has stopped. I hope the plane (not go) __________ down!
7. We (hold) ______ a press conference about our new discovery on Tuesday.
8. If it rains, he (stay) ______ at home
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9. I think the weather (be) ______ nice later.

10. The teacher hopes we (pass) ______ our exam.
11. Tomorrow afternoon at this time , we (fly) ______ over Carribean.
12. We ( be) ______ pleased if our school wins the match.
13. I’m going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I (lie) ______ on a beach in the sea
14. If he works hard, he (pass) ______ the entrance exam to the university.
II. Underline the best option.
1. She said she was seeing her brother the following day / the previous day.
2. Mike said he had had / would have an accident the day before.
3. She said she didn’t see / hadn’t seen them since the previous week.
4. I met Tom two days ago and he said he was going to London tomorrow / the next day.
5. Erica told me she won’t / wouldn’t be back until the following Thursday.
6. John said he had worked for that company the year before / the year after.
7. Sam told the police he didn’t know / hadn’t known what had happened.
8. Harry told us he is / was catching the first bus to New York the next day.
9. My mother told me that if I ate / had eaten too much, I would feel ill.
10. When I rang her this morning, she told me that she was busy today / that day.
III. Change the following sentences into reported speech
1. “I want my room to look nice at the festival”, Hoa said.
→ Hoa said ……………………………………………………………………………..
2. “I’m cleaning our house.” , Loan said to Lan
→ Loan told Lan ……………………………………………………………………………..
3. “I will clean all the class windows tomorrow” , Trung said
→ Trung said ……………………………………………………………………………..
4. “I’m having a good time here” , Lan said
→ Lan said ……………………………………………………………………………..
5. “We can play the guitar.” , Mary said
→ Mary said ……………………………………………………………………………..
6. “We are going to the rice- cooking contest” , Mr Robinson said
→ Mr Robinson said ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. “This room is cleaned every day by my sister.” , the boy said
→ The boy said ……………………………………………………………………………..
8. “I have something to show you now”, Quang said to her
→ Quang told her.……………………………………………………………………………..
9. “I’m leaving here for HN tomorrow”, he said
→ He said ……………………………………………………………………………..
10. “I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready”, Lan said
→ Lan said ……………………………………………………………………………..
11. “I want to buy a pocket calculator for my father.” , Tom said

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→ Tom said ……………………………………………………………………………..

12. The nurse said: “The patient in this room didn't obey your orders, doctor.”
→ The nurse told doctor ……………………………………………………………………………..
13. “You taught us English last year.”, they said to me
→ They told me that ……………………………………………………………………………..
IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech
1. Nick: ‘I come from a small town in England.’
 Nick said that …………………………………….……………………………………
2. My friend: ‘Brazil will win the World Cup.’
 My friend said that ……………………………………………………………………
3. Olive: ‘Chau, I’m leaving Viet Nam tomorrow.’
 Olive told Chau that ……………………………………………………………………
4. David: ‘Catherine, I’m unable to read your writing.’
David told Catherine that……………………………………………………………………
5. Minh: ‘I overslept this morning.’
 Minh said that……………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘I didn’t say anything at the meeting last week.’
 He said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. ‘This letter has been opened.’
 She told me ……………………………………………………………………………..
8. ‘In 50 years’ time we will probably be living on Mars.’
 Tom said ……………………………………………………………………………..
9. ‘I hope we will build a city out at sea.’
 Mi said ……………………………………………………………………………..
10. ‘My wish is to become a young inventor.’
 Son told us ……………………………………………………………………………..
11. “My parents left for London at 5p.m yesterday,”
 Susan said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
12. “I may see you next week before I leave,”
 Nick told Sarah that ……………………………………………………………………………..
13. “I didn’t attend the meeting two days ago,”
 Matt said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
14. “There were no cell phones a long time ago!”
 My grandmother said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
15. “Jane doesn’t want to come to Bobby’s party.” , she said to me
 Mary told ……………………………………………………………………………..
V. Change the following sentences into reported speech
1. “They are doing an experiment.”
→ He said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
2. “You have to sign the paper again.”
→ She told me that……………………………………………………………………………..

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3. “We watched a television documentary on the future of nuclear power.”

→ Tam said ……………………………………………………………………………..
4. “The 10 o’clock flight to Kuala Lumpur will be an hour late.”
→ They said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
5. “In 50 years’ time we may be living on the moon.”
→ Scientists said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
6. “I try to learn hard to pass the entrance exam.”
→ My sister said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. “Lien doesn't want to go for a picnic tomorrow.’
→ Lan told me that ……………………………………………………………………………..
8. “You have to wear school uniform next Monday,” our teacher said to us
→ Our teacher told us that ……………………………………………………………………………..
9. ‘I have just received a birthday gift from my mother,” my friend said to me.
→ My friend told me ……………………………………………………………………………..
10. “We have applied a new production Chain.”
→ The CEO of Volkswagen said that ……………………………………………………………………………..
11. “My family lived in Boston for five years.”
→ Carol said that ………………………………………………………..………………………………………..
12. “James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769.”
→ Ms. Elena told us that …………………………………………………………….………………………..
13. “We may go sightseeing in Sapa next week.”
→My friends told me …………………………………………………………….………………………..
14. “I try to learn hard to pass the entrance exam.”
→ Nam said that …………………………………………………………….………………………..
15. “My daughter is writing a letter to her French friends now.”
→ Jane’s mother said that …………………………………………………………….………………………..
VI. Rewrite these sentences in direct speech.
1. Kien said that he had missed the train.
→ “ ……………………………………………………………”, Kien said
2. Duong said that he could run very fast.
→ “ ……………………………………………………………”,Duong said
3. Mia told me that she would hand in the report the next day.
→ “ ……………………………………………………………”, Mia told me
4. She said that she was reading a science fiction book about life on Venus.
→ “ ……………………………………………………………”, She said
5. He told me he would be a lawyer when he grew up.
→ “ ……………………………………………………………”, he told me,
6. Miss Anne said that she was doing scientific experiments at that moment.
→ “ ……………………………………………………………”, Miss Anne said

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