CÂU

TƯỜNG
1. CÂU TƯỜNG
KỂ
THUẬT THUẬT Ở DẠNG CÂU

Đây là loại câu được dùng phổ biến nhất, dùng để thuật lại những lời nói, câu
chuyện của một người khác đã nói. 

Cấu trúc:  

S + say(s)/said hoặc tell/told + (that) + S + V

VD: She said, “I like my house very much”.

⇒ She said (that) she liked her house very much.

said to + O told+O

VD: He said to me, “I like this song.”

=> He told me he liked that song 

says/say to + O tells/tell + O

VD: She says to me ‘’ The sky is blue’’

=> She tells me the sky is blue

2. CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Ở DẠNG CÂU HỎI

 Yes/No questions
Câu hỏi Yes/No question là dạng câu hỏi đơn giản trong tiếng anh, thường bắt đầu
bắt động từ TOBE hoặc trợ động từ 

Cấu trúc: 

VD: “Are you angry?” he asked

 => He asked if/whether I was angry.

“Did you see the film?” Tam asked.

=> Tam asked if / whether I had seen the film.

Lưu ý: Khi tường thuật câu hỏi Yes – No questions, ta phải chuyển câu hỏi trực
tiếp sang dạng khẳng định, rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, trạng
từ chỉ nơi chốn, đại từ chỉ định, và chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu cho phù hợp.

 Wh-questions:
Câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi Wh- là loại câu bắt đầu bắt các từ nghi vấn như
Who, When, What,…

Cấu trúc: 

VD: We asked them: “Where are you going on holiday?”

=> We asked them where they were going on holiday.

“What are you talking about?” said the teacher.

  => The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

says/say to + O  asks/ask + O

said to + O  asked + O

VD: He said to me: “Who are you writing to?”

         He asked me who I was writing to.

3. CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Ở DẠNG CÂU MỆNH LỆNH

 Khẳng định:
S + told + O + to-infinitive

VD: ”Please wait for me here, Mary.

”Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

VD: “ Please cook a meal for me, Mary.” Mary’s boyfriend said

=>  Mary’s boyfriend told her to cook a meal for him.

 Phủ định:

S + told + O + not to-infinitive

VD: ”Don’t talk in class”, the teacher said to us. 

=> The teacher told us not to talk in class.

Một số động từ thường dùng khi tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh: tell, ask, order,
advise, warn, beg, command, remind, instruct, ….

4. MỘT SỐ CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Ở DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT

SHALL/ WOULD dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:

VD: Tom asked: ‘Shall I bring you some tea?’

 -> Tom offered to bring me some tea.

VD: Tom asked: ‘Shall we meet at the theatre?’

 => Tom suggested meeting at the theatre. 

WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:

VD: Tom asked: ‘Will you help me, please?’

 => Tom asked me to help him.

VD: Jane asked Tom: ‘Can you open the door for me, Tom?’

 =>  Jane asked Tom to open the door for her.

CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

Bước 1: Xác định động từ tường thuật say/said hoặc tell/told

VD: He told me (that) he didn’t love me anymore.

Bước 2: Lùi thì của động từ

Còn các động từ khiếm khuyết có thể thay đổi như sau:
 Can  could

 May  might
 Must (bắt buộc)  had to
 Must (chắc hẳn)  must (không đổi)
 Could  could (không đổi)
 Would  would (không đổi)
 Might  might (không đổi)
 Should  should (không đổi)
 Ought to  ought to (không đổi)

Câu trực tiếp Câu tường thuật

Am/ is/ are Was/ were

Was/ were Had been

Do/does (trợ động từ) Bỏ đi

Don’t/ doesn’t Didn’t

Have/ has Had

V(inf) / V(s/es) V-ed/ V3

Can Could

Will/ shall Would

 May Might

Must/ have to Had to

Bước 3: Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu và tính từ sở hữu

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Đại từ nhân xưng I He/ She

You I/ We

We They

Đại từ sở hữu mine His/ Hers

ours Theirs

yours Mine/ Ours

Tân ngữ me Him/ her

you Me/ us

us Them

Tính từ sở hữu my His/ her

your My/ our

our their

Bước 4: Đổi các từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp 

Here there

now then/ at that moment

ago before

this that

these those
 today/ tonight that day/ that night

tomorrow the next day / the following day

yesterday the previous day/ the day before

next week the following week

last week the week before

Next (day, week, month…) the next … / the following …

Last (day, week, month…) the previous …/ the… before

Lưu ý: 
Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ
nguyên thì của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ
nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi
chuyển sang câu tường thuật.
Ví dụ: 

   –  He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”

   ⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.

BÀI TẬP
Viết lại những câu sau thành câu tường thuật 

1. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.

- He asked... ..............................................................................................................................

2. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.

- Thomas asked Jean.....

3. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.

- I told Mary.... ..........................................................................................................................

4. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” she said.

- She said that... ......................................................................................................................

5. “I’ll pay him if I can.” she said.

- She said that... ................................................................... ....................................................

6. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.

- She asked us.... ................................................................... .................................................

7. “I’ll phone you tomorrow.” he told Jack.

- He told Jack that.... ............................................................. .................................................

8. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.

- Tom asked Jean.... .............................................................. .................................................

9. “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.

- He said that.... ................................................................... ....................................................

10. “Don’t keep the door locked.” he said to us.

- He told us.... ................................................................... .......................................................

11. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.

- I asked him how long....

12. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.

- She wanted to know.... ................................................. .....................................................

13. “Don’t use too much hot water.” she said to us.

- She asked us.... ..................................................................................................................

14. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.

- She invited me.... ...............................................................................................................

15. “Don’t do it again.” she said to them.

She told them......................................................................................................................

16. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.

- She asked...........................................................................................................................

17. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys.” she said.

- She told..............................................................................................................................

18. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.

- Mary asked...........................................................................................................................

19. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.

- Peter asked if .......................................................................................................................

20. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.

- The office manager wondered.............................................................................................

Đáp án
1. He asked her to let him borrow her car.

2. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.

3. I told Mary not to leave the window open.

4. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.

5. She said that she would pay him if she could.

6. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.

7. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.

8. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.

9. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.

10. He told us not to keep the door locked.

11. I asked him how long he was going to stay.

12. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.

13. She asked us not to use too much hot water.

14. She invited me to come to her party.

15. She told them not to do it again.

16. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.

17. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.

18. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.

19. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.

20. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before