LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP VÀ GIÁN TIẾP

(Dicrect and Indirect Speeches)

I. Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp:
1.1 Đổi thì của câu:
Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về 1 thì:
Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp
- Hiện tại đơn - Quá khứ đơn
VD: he does => He did
- Hiện tại tiếp diễn - Quá khứ tiếp diễn
VD: he is doing => He was doing
- Hiện tại hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành
VD: He has done => He had done
- Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn - Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
VD:He have been doing => He had been doing
- Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ hoàn thành
VD: He did => He had done
- Quá khứ tiếp diễn - Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
VD: He was doing => He had been doing
- Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi)
VD: He had done => He had done
- Tương lai đơn - Tương lai trong quá khứ
VD: He will do => He would do
- Tương lai tiếp diễn - Tương lai tiếp diễn trong quá khứ
VD: he will be doing => He would be doing
- Is/am/are going to do - Was/were going to do
- Can/may/must do/ shall - Could/might/had to do/ should
* Note:
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 thì động từ giữ nguyên, không thay đổi.
Ex: 1. If I were you, I would buy this house
=> She said if she were me, she would buy that house.
1.2 Các thay đổi khác:
a. Thay đổi Đại từ
Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi như
bảng sau:
ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNG TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
Đại từ Chủ ngữ I he, she
nhân xưng we they
you they
Tân ngữ me him, her
us them
you them
 Đại từ Phẩm định my his, her
sở hữu our their
your their
Định danh mine his, her
ours theirs
yours theirs
b. Các thay đổi ở trạng từ không gian và thời gian:
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
This That
That That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Ago Before
Tomorrow The next day / the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days time / two days after
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
The day before yesterday Two day before
Next week The following week
Last week The previous week / the week before
Last year The previous year / the year before
II. Các loại câu gián tiếp.

A. Câu trần thuật (Statements) (+), (-)

- Khi động từ giới thiệu là say, think, tell, report,…ở thì hiện tại , hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai thì
động từ trong mệnh đề gián tiếp không thay đổi , ta chỉ bỏ dấu phảy hoặc dấu hai chấm và bỏ dấu
ngoặc kép.
Ex: 1. He says: “I am a student” -> He says he is a student.
2. She will say: “I am busy” -> She will say she is busy.
3. They have said: “We are fine” -> They have said they are fine.
B. CÂU MỆNH LỆNH, YÊU CẦU, LỜI KHUYÊN ( COMMANDS, REQUEST, ADVICE)
- Trong câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, lời khuyên, khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta thường sử dụng các động từ:
ask, tell, order, command,… Tùy trường hợp sẽ có tân ngữ đi kèm.
- Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép và từ “please” nếu có. Mệnh đề diễn tả mệnh lệnh bắt đầu bằng “to-V”
- Ta phải đổi các đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn cho phù hợp nếu có.
Ex: 1. “hurry up, Lan” said he => He told Lan to hurry up.
2. She said: “Lie down, please!” => She told me to lie down.
3. He said: “Don’t open the door” => He told me not to open the door.
B. QUESTION
I. WH-QUESTION.
(What, when, where, who, why, which, whose, how)
- Ta sử dụng những động từ: ask, wonder, want to know.
- Dùng các từ để hỏi ở đầu mệnh đề để tường thuật
 - Không được đảo chủ ngữ và động từ sau các từ để hỏi.
- Các bước khác: chuyển thì, đại từ,…thì giống như cách đổi ở câu khẳng định.
Ex: 1. She said: “How are you?” => She asked me how I was.
2. He said: “What do you do?” => He asked me what I did
II. YES-NO QUESTION
- Dùng các động từ: ask, wonder, want to know,..
- Nếu có các trợ động từ: “do, does, did” thì bỏ đi và thay thế bằng If/whether.
- Chủ ngữ đứng sau If/Whether và không được đảo chủ ngữ và động từ
- Các bước khác giống như cách đổi ở câu trần thuật.
Ex: 1. She said to me: “Are you tired?” => She asked me if I was tired.
2. He said to her: “Can you sing?” => He asked her if she could sing.
She said to me: “Do you live in HN?” => She asked me if I lived in HN.

I. Change this direct speech into reported speech:

1. “He works in a bank”
She said ___________________________________________________________
2. “We went out last night”
She told me ________________________________________________________
3. “I’m coming!”
She said ___________________________________________________________
4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived”
She told me ________________________________________________________
5. “ I’d never been there before”
She said ___________________________________________________________
6. “I didn’t go to the party”
She told me ________________________________________________________
7. “Lucy’ll come later”
She said ___________________________________________________________
8. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast”
She told me ________________________________________________________
9. “I can help you tomorrow”
She said ___________________________________________________________
10. “You should go to bed early”
She told me ________________________________________________________
11. “I don’t like chocolate”
She told me ________________________________________________________
12. “I won’t see you tomorrow”
She said ___________________________________________________________
13. “She’s living in Paris for a few months”
She said ___________________________________________________________
14. “I visited my parents at the weekend”
She told me ________________________________________________________
15. “She hasn’t eaten sushi before”
She said ___________________________________________________________
16. “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London”
She said ___________________________________________________________
17. “They would help if they could”
She said ___________________________________________________________
18. “I’ll do the washing-up later”
She told me ________________________________________________________
19. “He could read when he was three”
She said ___________________________________________________________
20. “I was sleeping when Julie called”
She said ___________________________________________________________

Reported Requests and Orders

1. “Please help me carry this”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. “Please come early”
She ______________________________________________________________
3. “Please buy some milk”
She ______________________________________________________________
4. “Could you please open the window?”
She ______________________________________________________________
5. “Could you bring the book tonight?”
She ______________________________________________________________
6. “Can you help me with my homework, please?”
She ______________________________________________________________
7. “Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?”
She ______________________________________________________________
8. “Would you mind passing the salt?”
She ______________________________________________________________
9. “Would you mind lending me a pencil?”
She ______________________________________________________________
10. “I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?”
She ______________________________________________________________
11. “Do your homework!”
She told me ________________________________________________________
12. “Go to bed!”
She ______________________________________________________________
13. “Don’t be late!”
She ______________________________________________________________
14. “Don’t smoke!”
She ______________________________________________________________
15. “Tidy your room!”
She ______________________________________________________________
16. “Wait here!”
She ______________________________________________________________
17. “Don’t do that!”
She ______________________________________________________________
18. “Eat your dinner!”
She ______________________________________________________________
19. “Don’t make a mess!”
She ______________________________________________________________
20. “Do the washing-up!”
She ______________________________________________________________

Reported Questions
1. “Where is he?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
2. “What are you doing?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
3. “Why did you go out last night?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
4. “Who was that beautiful woman?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
5. “How is your mother?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
6. “What are you going to do at the weekend?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
7. “Where will you live after graduation?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
8. “What were you doing when I saw you?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
9. “How was the journey?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
10. “How often do you go to the cinema?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
11. “Do you live in London?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
12. “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
13. “Have you been to Paris?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
14. “Can you help me?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
15. “Are you working tonight?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
16. “Will you come later?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
17. “Do you like coffee?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
18. “Is this the road to the station?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
19. “Did you do your homework?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
20. “Have you studied reported speech before?”
She asked me ______________________________________________________
I. Chuyển đổi thành câu gián tiếp
1. He said: “I am happy today.”

2. Nina asked me: “Do you love this dress?

3. Tom said to her: “Turn right, please!”

4. Sam said: “I didn’t sleep yesterday.”

5. Vicky told me: “I am writing a letter for you.”

6. Tommy said: “I have worked for 3 months.”

7. He asked me: “What did you do yesterday?”

8. He said: “I love this hat.”

9. My mother said to me: “Don’t run!”

10. He asked me: “What have you got?”

II. Chuyển đổi thành câu gián tiếp

1. He said: “How beautiful nature is in fall.”

2. He said to her: “I will see you on Sunday.”

3. She said: “I was married in the home of my parents.”

4. Nina said: “I am in church now.”

5. My mother said to me: “The dogs of your sister are cute.”

6. He said: “I play the piano.”

7. My sister said to me: “keep silent!”

8. My teacher asked me: “What are you going to do on Sunday?”

9. He said: “Life is very hard for some people.”

10. Vicky said: “I am tired now.”

III. Chuyển đổi thành câu trực tiếp

1. He told me that he had slept for 3 hours.

2. He said that the plane had arrived an hour late.

 3. He said that he had seen that movie.

4. She said that she had finished her report.

5. He asked me how long I had been married.

6. She told me not to go away.

7. John said that he was handsome.

8. Nina said that they were going to visit her on Sunday.

9. He said that he could understand that problem.

10. Sam said that he had got a terrible headache.

IV. Đổi thành câu gián tiếp

1. He said to her: “I can finish your task.”

2. My mother said to me: “You will clean the floor.”

3. She asked me: “Can you buy this pen?”

4. He asked me: “May I smoke?”

5. She said: “I shall buy this house.”

6. He said to me: “I will buy this teddy bear for you.”

7. He said: “The dog can steal the meat.”

8. My mother said: “He will be happy.”

9. Nina said: “I must watch TV.”

10. Mary asked me: “Can you open the box for me?”

V. Chuyển đổi thành câu trực tiếp

1. He said that he could play hide and seek.

2. Tom said that he would go to sleep.

3. Nina asked me if she could go home early.

4. He said to me he would sweep the floor for me.

 5. My mother said she might take care of him.

6. Nina said she would find some cook books.

7. Tom said that he would sell that car.

8. He said that he couldn’t go to the supermarket.

9. Nina said that she would pass the exam.

10. He said that he should do it.

VI Chuyển đổi thành câu gián tiếp

1. He asked his friend: “Did you finish the report?”

2. He asked Nina: “Have you done the homework?”

3. She asked me: “What is the time?”

4. She asked Tom: “How do you know my name?”

5. Nina asked me: “How do you go to school?”

6. My mother asked me: “Where do you live?”

7. She asked him: “What do you do?”

8. He asked the boy: “Did you buy the book?”

9. He asked me: “What is your name?”

10. Sam asked me: “Do you watch TV?”

I. Đổi sang câu gián tiếp

1. He said to me: “Don’t move!”

2. He said to her: “Go!”

3. My mother said to me: “Don’t watch it!”

4. The teacher said to us: “Open your book!”

5. He said to me: “Don’t make so much noise!”

6. She said to me: “help me!”

 7. Nina said to me: “Don’t touch this chair!”

8. He said to her: “Come in!”

9. He said to me: “repeat after me!”

10. Tom said to his students: “keep silent!”

VII. Đổi thành câu trực tiếp

1. She told me to go out.

2. He told her not to write.

3. My mother told me not to move.

4. He told her to stay home.

5. Nina told me to turn on her computer.

6. She told her not to buy that house.

7. She told me to open the door.

8. My granny told me to sleep.

9. My sister told me to clean the floor.

10. Sam said told me not to turn off the lights.

VIII.Đổi sang câu gián tiếp

1. He said: “I have cleaned my house.”

2. Nina said: “My dog has eaten everything.”

3. She said to me: “I have given this book to you.”

4. She said: “I have work here for three years.”

5. Nina said: “I have been sick for five days.”

6. He said to her: “I have washed your dishes.”

7. My mother said to me: “You have finished eating.”

8. He said: “I have seen this movie.”

 9. Tom said: “I have studied this lesson since last week.”

10. He said: “I have eaten snake meat.

IX. Đổi sang câu trực tiếp.

1. Nina said that she hadn’t watched TV.

2. He said that he had worked there for five months.

3. She said that she had smoked 5 cigarettes that day.

4. Tom said that he had washed his hair.

5. My mother said that she had taken English lesson.

6. Nina told me that she had bought my tickets for the game.

7. Tom said that he had signed the contract.

8. Alice told me that she had found my pencils.

9. He said that they had returned home.

10. He said to me that he had forgotten my name.

I. Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1. “Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom

2. “Listen to me and don’t make a noise,” said the teacher to his students.

3. “I’m tired of eating fish” said Mary to Helen.

4. “There are still so many difficulties ahead. Let’s double our efforts,” the President said.

5. “If I were you, I would take the course,” Jane told me.

6. “I’m sorry I’m late,” she said. “The bus broke down.”

7. “Come in and look around. There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper.

8. “Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me.

9. “Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” he said to me.

10. “How much do you think it will cost?” he asked.

11. “I have no idea. I just go along to see what will happen,” the boy said.

12. “Why didn’t you come to my party last night, Betty?” Tom said.

13. “Would you mind turing the music down?” Andrew said to Anne.

14. “There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry.

15. “Which way is the post office?” the tourist asked.

16. “Is this your father’s car?” the policeman asked Sandra.

17. “I don’t know where Archie is” said Vicky.

18. “ I can’t go to school today because I’m ill,” said Mike.

19. “Will we read the story?” Billy asked his teacher.

20. “Let me help you make the sandwiches,” Judy offered.

21. “ I went to see him yesterday”, she said.

She said……………………………….........................................................................………
22. “ I don’t want to meet him again”, she said
She said………………..……....................................................................…………………….
23. “ Can you swim?”, he asked me.
He asked me……………………..................................................................………………….
24. He explained, “I didn’t break the vase”.
He expained…………………....................................................................…………………….
25. My mother said, “ I am cooking now”.
My mother said…………….......................................................…………………...…………
26. “What time does John get up?”, he asked me.
He wanted to know ………...……………………….
27. “ I like this book”, he said
He said………………….........................................................…………………………………
28. “How beautiful she is!”.
He exclaimed................................................................………………………………………..
29. “Have you ever seen that film?”, he asked me
He asked me……………………………................................................................……………
30. “ I went to Do Son last week”, she said
She said…………………………........................................................................……………...
31. “I never eat meat”, he explained
He explained ……………….……........................................................………………………
32. “ I’ll never gat married,” Tom says
Tom says……………………........................................................…………………………….
33. “If I were you, I would kept silent”, he said
He said…………………................................................................……………………………
34. “ The children had better go to bed early”, said Tom
Tom said…………….....................................................................…………………………….
35. “You had better keep silent”, she said
She advised me……........................................................………………………………………
36. “I wish I knew the answer”, he said
He said…………….........................................................………………………………………
37. “Please don’t tell anybody what happpen”
She asked me…………........................................................…………………………………...
38. She said, “I am taller than my husband”
She said ……………….........................................................…………………………………
39. “I shouldn’t do like that if I were you. Isn’t it very dangerous?, she said
She said…...................................................................................................................................
40. “Please give me some money. I haven’t eat anything since morning”, he asked.
He asked……………………............................................…………………………………..
41. “Hurry up, Lan!”.
He told Lan .................................................................…………………………………………
42.“I feel like going to America soon”.
The woman looked forward to ………………….................................………………………
43. “It’s really nice of you to help me”, Peter said to Jack.
Peter thanked………….for ……………............................................…………………….
44. “Don’t play games on computer all day”, Tom’s mother said to him.
Tom’s mother warned ……..against ..................................................………………………..
45. “I hear you passed your driving test.Congratulation!” Peter said to me.
Peter congratulated ………. on ………................................................……………………
46. “I’m sory. I didn’t do my homework,” John said to his English teacher.
John apologised …………...for …………..............................................…………………
47. “I always want to become an English teacher,” Mary said.
Mary dreamed of …………………………................................................……………….
48. He said , ‘This house was built in 1980”.
He said .......................................................................................................................................
49. “Will Tom be here tomorrow?”.
She wondered .............................................................................................................................
30. “Please don’t smoke in my car”
He asked his friend.....................................................................................................................