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Câu Trực Tiếp Và Câu Gián Tiếp
Câu Trực Tiếp Và Câu Gián Tiếp
Câu trực tiếp (Direct Speech) được sử dụng tường thuật nguyên văn lời của người
nói. Trong văn viết, câu trực tiếp thường được để trong dấu ngoặc kép.
Ví dụ:
Câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech) được sử dụng để thuật lại ý chính mà người khác
đã nói. Vì không thuật lại nguyên văn nên câu gián tiếp thường đứng sau “that” thay
vì được bỏ vào ngoặc kép.
Ví dụ:
Trong tiếng Anh, khi muốn chuyển câu trực tiếp thành câu gián tiếp, các bạn cần
Lùi thì
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Lưu
ý: Tron
Tương lai đơn trong quá khứ g tiếng
Tương lai đơn
(would) Anh có
1 số
Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại, khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ
chính và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn/ thời gian được giữ nguyên không đổi.
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
Câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 chúng ta sẽ không thực hiện lùi thì. Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc “Wish + quá khứ đơn/ quá khứ hoàn thành
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần lưu ý đổi ngôi, đổi đại từ nhân
xưng và tân ngữ cho phù hợp với ngữ nghĩa và hoàn cảnh.
I He, she
We they
My His, her
Me Him, her
Our their
Us them
Myself Himself, herself
Ourselves Themselves
Trong câu gián tiếp, sự việc không xảy ra tại thời điểm hay địa điểm mà người nói
tường thuật. Chính vì thế, khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, cần chú ý đổi
trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn. Cụ thể như sau:
Here There
Now then
Ago Before
These Those
Cách Chuyển Đổi Các Loại Câu Từ Trực Tiếp Sang Gián Tiếp
Câu tường thuật dùng để kể chuyện, mô tả, xác nhận, thông báo về một sự việc, hành
động nào đó.
Cấu trúc:
Ví dụ:
2. Câu hỏi
Khi chuyển câu hỏi từ dạng trực tiếp sang dạng gián tiếp, ta có thể sử dụng một số
động từ như asked, wondered, wanted to know,…
Để đổi câu hỏi nghi từ từ dạng trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, ta cần
Cấu trúc:
Ví dụ:
Cấu trúc:
Ví dụ:
Để chuyển câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu ở dạng trực tiếp sang dạng gián tiếp, ta sử dụng
một số động từ như asked, told, demanded, ordered,…
Cấu trúc:
Ví dụ:
“Close the door, please.” The teacher said
Reported speech: The teacher asked me to close the door.
4. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp thành câu
gián tiếp
Ví dụ:
Reported speech: He asked me if I could speak Chinese and I said that I could not.
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau đây thành câu gián tiếp
Bài 2: Điền “said” hoặc “told” vào chỗ trống thích hợp trong các câu dưới đây
1. “If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends,” she said.
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2. “What would you do if you had three days off ?” I asked him.
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3. “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Jim” she said.
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4. “I’m sure she will help you if you ask her.” , he told me.
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6. She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her about this.”
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7. “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came.”, they said.
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10. “What would you do if you saw a snake ?” Nam asked Nga.
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11. “We’ll have lunch outside in the garden if it’s not cold.” ,Mr John said.
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12. “Tom would win more races if he trained hard.” , The man said.
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13. “If you feel like a chat, phone me tonight.” David said to me.
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14. “If you isn’t eating so much junk food, you would be a lot fitter.” Mother said.
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15. “I will be surprised if Mary doesn’t pass the exam.” , our teacher said.
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16. “If I knew her hobbies, I could let you know.” He said to me.
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17. “If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.” , the man said.
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18. “If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a big mistakes.”
..........................................................................................................................................
A. when would she B. when will she C. when she will D.
when she would
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there.
10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on
holiday the ______ week.
13. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day.
15. Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave.
16. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill.
A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me
goodbye
22. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____.
24. Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London.
25. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone.
27. Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please, opening
A. when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would
34. “I don’t usually drink milk when ______ ” Mrs. Pike said.
35. They said that their house had been broken into ______.
A. the two days before B. two days ago C. two days before D. since
two days
36. 1 “How are you?” he asked.
A. She told me she had written to her friend the day before.
B. She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before.
1. “You did a great job! I’m proud of your achievement,” said the woman to her
grandchild.
A. The woman said that her grandchild’s job was great and she was so proud of his
work achievement.
B. The woman told her grandchild that she was proud of his achievement at work.
C. The woman told her grandchild to do a great job so that she could be proud of his
achievement.
2. “I will let you know the answer by the end of this week,” Tim said to Jane.
A. Tim suggested giving Jane the answer by the end of the week.
B. Tim promised to give Jane the answer by the end of the week.
C. Tim insisted on letting Jane know the answer by the end of the week.
D. Tim offered to give Jane the answer by the end of the week.
3. “John, why don’t you go on a picnic with me next weekend?” said Janet.
A. Janet suggested John went on a picnic with her the nest weekend.
4. “Don’t come home late, Jenny, it’s dangerous!” her father said.
A. Jenny’s father told her not go home late and it was dangerous.
B. Jenny’s father told her not to go home late because it was dangerous.
D. Jenny’s father asked her against being home late because it may be dangerous.
Ex6 Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.
- He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
- He asked... ......................................................................
- I told... ............................................................................
- He asked... ........................................................................
22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us.
- She asked.......................................................................
- She told..........................................................................
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
- Mary asked.......................................................................
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
- John accused.......................................................................................
- Mary accused......................................................................................
33. “Where was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
- Tim wondered.......................................................................................
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.
- Paul apologized.....................................................................................
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Anna asked............................................................................................
39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
- George said............................................................................................
42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.
- Martin apologized..................................................................................
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
- Mary asked............................................................................................
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
- I asked..................................................................................................
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened
witness.
4. The female tourist asked us, "Can you tell me the way ?"
6. Linda told us, "I have been working here for the past three years.
10. The coach said, " If it rains tomorrow the game will be called off".
He asked me ________________________________________
He asked ____________________________________________
10. The residents asked: "Are you going to have our roads repaired, mayor?”
The residents asked the mayor ______________________________
7. Uncle David said, “Please take off your shoes when you come in!”
11. Mary said, „I have just got back from New York”
13. Our teacher told us, “ Sicily is an island in the southern part of Italy”
He asked ………………………………………….