Reported speech (câu tường thuật)

1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể

Cấu trúc: s + say(s)/said (to sb) tell/told sb+ (that) + s + v
 Câu trực tiếp: he said, “i like my room very much”.
 Câu tường thuật: he said that he liked his room very much.
 Câu trực tiếp: laura said to me, “i like this song.”
 Câu tường thuật: laura told me she liked that song.
 Câu trực tiếp: the teacher says to me ‘’the sky is blue’’
 Câu tường thuật: the teacher tells me the sky is blue.

Note: trường hợp đặc biệt: không lùi thì trong các trường hợp sau:
1. Động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp có thời gian xác định
2. Câu điều kiện loại 2,3
3. Quá khứ giả định
4. Trong lời nói trực tiếp sd model verbs như could,should,...
5. Động từ thường thuật chia thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, hiện tại tiếp
diễn.
6. Tường thuật một chân lý

2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi

2.1. Câu hỏi đúng sai (yes/no questions)
Dạng công thức câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi này thường bắt đầu bằng động từ to be
hoặc trợ động từ. Khi tường thuật lại dạng câu này, cần chuyển câu hỏi sang dạng
khẳng định, sau đó chuyển đổi thì, trạng từ thời gian, trạng từ nơi chốn, đại từ, chủ
ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu… Sao cho phù hợp.
Cấu trúc: s + asked/wanted to know/wondered + if/whether + s +
v
 Câu trực tiếp: ”are you upset?” He asked
 Câu tường thuật: he asked if/whether i was upset.

2.2. Câu hỏi nghi vấn (wh-questions)

Đây là loại câu bắt đầu bằng các từ nghi vấn như why, when, what, who, which… Cấu
trúc câu tường thuật asked như sau:
S + asked (+o)/wanted to know/wondered + wh-words + s + v.

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  Câu trực tiếp: we asked them: “where are you going on sunday afternoon?”
 Câu tường thuật: we asked them where they were going on sunday afternoon.

3. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh

Đây là dạng cấu trúc của câu tường thuật được sử dụng để thuật lại một mệnh lệnh của
người nói.
Câu tường thuật mệnh lệnh thường sử dụng các động từ như: tell/told, ask/asked,
order/ordered, request/requested….
Cấu trúc: s + told ………+ o + (not)+ to-infinitive.
 Câu trực tiếp: ”please wait for me here, linda.”
 Câu tường thuật: george said -> george told linda to wait for him there.
 Câu trực tiếp: “please cook a meal for me, mary.” Mary’s husband said.
 Câu tường thuật: mary’s husband told her to cook a meal for him.
 Câu trực tiếp: ”don’t eat in class”, the teacher said to us.
 Câu tường thuật: the teacher told us not to eat in class.

4. Câu tường thuật cảm thán

Để chuyển câu cảm thán từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật, chúng ta thường sử
dụng các từ giới thiệu như "exclaimed", "cried out", "said with excitement", “give an
exclamation of”...
S+ exclaimed/said that+ what/how….
Ví dụ:

 Câu trực tiếp: "what a beautiful sunset!" she exclaimed.

Câu tường thuật: she exclaimed that it was such a beautiful sunset.

C. Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật

1. Thay đổi thì

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn (present simple tense) Quá khứ đơn (past simple tense)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn (present continuous tense) Quá khứ tiếp diễn (past continuous
tense)

Hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect tense) Quá khứ hoàn thành (past perfect
tense)

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 Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành

Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Tương lai đơn Tương lai đơn trong quá khứ

Tương lai gần (am/is/are + going to + v) Were/was going to + v

Tương lai tiếp diễn Tương lai tiếp diễn dạng quá khứ
(would be v_ing)

Tương lai hoàn thành Tương lai hoàn thành dạng quá khứ
(would have + v (p3)

Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn dạng
quá khứ (would have been v_ing)
Modal verbs

Trực Gián tiếp

tiếp

Can Could

May Might

Must Must/had to

Tuy nhiên, các modal verbs như: should, could, might, would, ought to thì không cần
lùi thì.
Đại từ
Trong quá trình biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta chỉ cần lưu ý chuyển 3
chủ ngữ: i, we, you và các đại từ khác của 3 ngôi này về các dạng theo quy tắc.

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 Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Chủ ngữ We We/ they

I She/he

You I/we/they

Tân ngữ Us Us/them

Me Her/him

You Me/us/them

Tính từ sở Our Our/their

hữu

My Her/his

Yours My/our/their

Đại từ sở hữu Ours Ours/theirs

Mine Hers/his

Yours Mine/ours/
theirs

This The/that

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 Đại từ chỉ These The/those
định

Trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn

Trực Gián tiếp

tiếp

This That

Here There

Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Now Then/at the time

Today That day

Yesterday The day before/the previous day

The day before yesterday Two days before

Tomorrow The next day/ the day after/ the following day

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 The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time

Ago Before

This week That week

Last week The week before/ the previous week

Next week The next week/ the following week/ the week after

3. Câu tường thuật đặc biệt

Reported verb to-inf
Promised, threatened, agreed, offered, refused, swore,volunteered,..
Exp:1. “i‘ll buy you a house.” He said to me
→ he promised to buy me a house
2. “shall i give you a hand with your suitcase?” Said the porter to me
The porter offered to give me a hand with my suitcase
Reported verb+o+ to-inf
Advised, allowed, permitted, asked, told, ordered, required, encouraged, forbadet
expected, warned, forced, invited, instructed, reminded,urged, persuaded
1. “ if i were you i would stop taking sleeping tablets”
→mai advised me not to take sleeping tablets
2. “remember to pick up your brother on your way home” said my mom
→ my mom reminded me to pick up my brother on my way home
Reported verb+v-ing
Denied, suggested, admitted, opposed, objected to.
1. It wasn’t me who took the handbag
→ the boy denied taking the handbag
Reported verb+o+prep+v-ing
Thanked sb for doing sth, warned sb against doing sth, apologized (to sb) for doing sth
accused sb of doing sth, blamed sb for doing sth, criticized sb for doing sth, insisted
on doing sth, congratulated sb on doing sth, prevented sb from doing sth, dreamed of
doing sth

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 EXERCISE
(CHÚ Ý KHI LÀM BÀI GHI KÈM CÔNG THỨC ÁP DỤNG)

1.chuyển các câu sau về các cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong tiếng anh:
1. “if the weather is fine, i will go to the beach with my friends,” she said.
.......................................................................................................................................
2. “what would you do if you had one day off ?” I asked her.
.......................................................................................................................................
3. “i would have come to see you if i had known your address, harry,” tom said.
.......................................................................................................................................
4. “i’m sure he will help you if you ask him.” She told me.
.......................................................................................................................................
5. “if today were monday, we would go to school,” my friend said to me.
.......................................................................................................................................
6. She said to me, “if i were you, i wouldn’t tell her my address.”
.......................................................................................................................................
7. “there would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came,” they said.
.......................................................................................................................................
8. “you will be surprised if you meet her,” ann said to clara.
.......................................................................................................................................
9. The boy said: “i won’t be strong if i don’t play soccer everyday.”
.......................................................................................................................................
10. “what would you do if you saw a spider?” Nam asked chi.
.......................................................................................................................................
Bài tập 2: chuyển các câu sau về các cấu trúc câu tường thuật đặc biệt trong tiếng anh:
1. "if i have time, i will visit you tomorrow," she said.
.......................................................................................................................................
2. "would you like to join us for dinner?" they asked.
......................................................................................................................................
3. "be careful! The road is slippery," the sign said.
.......................................................................................................................................
4. "please, lend me some money," he said.
.......................................................................................................................................
5. "you did a great job on the presentation," the manager praised.
.......................................................................................................................................
6. "let me help you with your luggage," he offered.
.......................................................................................................................................
7. "i broke the vase," she admitted.
.......................................................................................................................................

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8. "let's go to the movies tonight," he suggested.
.......................................................................................................................................
9. "you broke the window," she accused.
.......................................................................................................................................
10. "don't forget to call me later," he reminded me.
.......................................................................................................................................
Iii.
1. “i'd give it to him tomorrow. I promise”
Daisy promised................................................................................................................
2. “could you close the window”
John asked peter.....................................................................................................
3. “ i hear you passed your exam. Congratulation!” Nam said to me
Nam congratulated me.....................................................................................................
4. “i'm sorry i didn't phone you earlier” lan said to me
Lan apologized.....................................................................................................
5. “it was nice of you to help me thank you very much” tom said
Tom thanked me.....................................................................................................
6. “if you like i'll help you do the decorating bac”
Linh offered .................................................................................................
7. “i only borrowed your car for some hours”. The man said
The man admitted.....................................................................................................
8. “ i'm sorry i was rude to you yesterday” i said to him
I apologized for him.....................................................................................................
9. “i will drive you to the airport.” John said to linda
John insisted .....................................................................................................
10. “you stole my watch”
Tim accused me .....................................................................................................
11. “john say you ‘d better not lend them any money, daisy—--
John advised daisy.....................................................................................................
12. “would you like to have a drink with me”. He said
He invited.....................................................................................................
13. “let's go this way”
He suggested.....................................................................................................
14. “don't forget to do your homework”. Said our teacher to us
Our teacher reminded
us .....................................................................................................
15. “i phone the police”
She threatened.....................................................................................................
16. “ i didn't say that”
She denied.....................................................................................................

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 17. “take part in my speaking english club”
He encouraged us.....................................................................................................
18. “i am desperately want to become a doctor”
He dreamed .....................................................................................................
19. “i won't allow you to get in touch with him”
Her father prevente her .................................................................................
20. “ you had better look for a new job, andrew”
Jane advised.....................................................................................................
21. “i must have made a mistake in calculations”
Mr. Forest admitted.....................................................................................................
22. “i'll pay for the meal”
Sarah insisted .....................................................................................................
23. “perhaps we can go to paris for the weekend”
Neil suggested.....................................................................................................
24. “if all goes to plans i will study medicine”.
Rachel hoped.....................................................................................................
25. “we will organize a christmas party”.
They promised .....................................................................................................
26. “you mustn't drink to much caffeine”.
Marta warned me .....................................................................................................
27. “i'm so grateful that you let me copy your paper”. He said to his classmate
He thanked.....................................................................................................
28. “you have broken my radio frank”
Jen accused.....................................................................................................
29. “ you should have waited for us “
The team leader criticized john ..................................\........................................
30. “it certainly wasn't me who took your car”
Bob denied .....................................................................................................
31. “shall we go to paris for the weekend”
Mary suggested.....................................................................................................
32. “ i'm sorry that i broke the glass”
Peter apologized.....................................................................................................
33. “ let's invite mr.brown to the party next weekend”
He suggested .....................................................................................................
34. “you stole jewels”
The inspector accused him....................................................................................
35. “i'm sorry i damaged your tape recorder,mike”
Bob apologized.....................................................................................................
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with gerund

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1.“why don’t we organize an english competition for our students?” Said ms lien.
Ms lien suggested ………………………………………………………......
2.“i’m sorry i’m late,’ said mr thanh.
Mr thanh apologized ...
………………………………………………..................................
3.“me? No, i didn’t take sue’s calculator,” said bob.
Bob denied ………………………………………………………..........................
4.“you took my pencil,” said david to henry.
David accused
5.“i must see the manager,” he cried.
He insisted ………………………………………............................................
6.“if you wanted to take my bike, you should have asked me first,” said mike to his
brother.
Mike criticized ……………………………………….......................................
7.“ you won the scholarship. Congratulation!” Mary told me.
Mary congratulated .…………………………… …….....................................
8.“it was kind of you to help me with my homework,” lan said to hoa.
Lan thanked ……………………………………………..................................
9. “turn off the computer. You are not allowed to play game now,” dick’s mother said
to him.
Dick’s mother prevented ...………………………………………...
10.“i’m sorry that i broke the glass,” said peter.
Peter apologized ………………………………………………………..............
11. “let’s invite mr. Brown to the party next weekend,” he said.
He suggested ……………………………………………………..........................
12.“you stole the jewels,” the inspector said to him.
The inspector accused .......……………………………………………….............
13.“i only borrowed your car for some hours,” the man said.
The man admitted …………………………………………………….....................
14.“i’m sorry i damaged your tape recorder, mike,” said bob.
Bob apologized ………………………………………………………...
15. “it’s nice of you to invite me to lunch,” bob said to john.
Bob thanked ………………………………………………………...............
16. Carol said, “what about going to the cinema this weekend, max ?”
Carol suggested ………………………………………………………..........
17. “i’m sorry i forgot your birthday,” dave said julia.
Dave apologized ……………………………………………………….............
18. “why didn’t you tell me the truth?” He said to me.
He accused ………………………………………………………..............
19. “don’t go near that deserted house,” tony said to monica.

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Tony warned ……………...……………………………………..................
20. “i’m sorry. I broke the vase,” my son said.
My son admitted ……………………………………………………..........
21. “you cheated in the exam,” the teacher said to jack.
The teacher accused ………………………………….............................
22. “great! You are well-dressed today, mary,” tommy said.
Tommy complimented ………………………………………...............
23. “you have just got a promotion, haven’t you? Congratulation!” Peter said to her
friend.
Peter congratulated ……………………………………………………..
24. “you mustn’t get into this area,” the policeman said to them.
The policeman stopped ………………………………………………………...
25. “i know i’m wrong,” he said.
He admitted ………………………………………………................
26. “i didn’t say that last night,” joan said.
Joan denied ……..………………………………...............................................
27. “if only i had told him the true!” Jane said.
Jane regrets ……………………………………............................................
28. “i haven’t finished the assignment yet. I’m really sorry”.
The boy apologized .………… ……………………..............................
29. “it’s you who took my bag,” the man said to the boy.
The man accused …………………………………………..........................
30. “no, no .i really must sit for the test,” hilary said.
Hilary insisted …....……………………………….............................
31. “what i always want is to become a doctor,” she said.
She dreamt ……………………………………...............................................
32. “i can’t let you use the mobile phone,” his mother said to him.
His mother prevented ……………………………….......................
33. “i like this car. I’ll buy it,” christina said.
Christina thought ………….....…………………………………….............................
34. “i feel like going to america next month,” margaret said.
Margaret looked forward to …………...…………………………..........................
35. “it was your fault. You didn’t tell me,” she told me
she blamed ……………………………………........................
36. “i don’t think that we must widen the village road”, he said
he objected ……………………..……………………

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