II.

CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá đơn giản, chúng ta chỉ
cần ghép nội dung tường thuật ở phía sau câu nói và hạ động từ của nó xuống
một cấp quá khứ, đại từ được chuyển đổi cho phù hợp. Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý một
số vấn đề sau:
+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ
nguyên thì (tense) của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp.
Ví dụ:
- He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”
⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.
+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi
động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech)
sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tắc sau:
- Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Present simple Past simple

Present continuous Past continuous

Present perfect Past perfect

Past simple Past perfect

Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

will would

can could

must/ have to had to

may might
- Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau:
 Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Chủ ngữ I he/ she

You I/ We/ They

We We/ They

Tân ngữ me him/ her

you me/ us/ them

us us/ them

Đại từ sở hữu my his/ her

your my/ our/ their

our our/ their

Đại từ sở hữu mine his/ hers

yours mine/ ours/ theirs

ours ours/ theirs

Đại từ chỉ định this the/ that

these the/ those

- Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:
GY Câu gián tiếp

here there

now then/ at that moment

today/ tonight that day/ that night

 tomorrow the next day

next week the following week

yesterday the previous day

the day before

last week the week before

ago before
NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy động từ gần chủ ngữ nhất
giảm xuống 1 cột tức là:
- Động từ ở cột 1 thì giảm xuống cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi không phải là đông từ
bất quy tắc)
- Động từ cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3
- Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước
Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý một số trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì động từ:
- Nói về chân lý, sự thật.
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
- Trong câu có năm xác định.
- Các câu có cấu trúc sau: if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high
time, IF
III. CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
S + said + (that) + S + V(lùi thì)
- says/say to + O -> tells/tell + O
- said to + O ->told+O
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished
his work.
2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
a.Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V
Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.
b.Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.
* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O
* said to + O -> asked + O.
Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what
we were talking about.
3. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh
*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-infinitive.
Ex: ”Please wait for me here, Mary.
”Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there.
*Phủ định: : S + told + O + not to-infinitive.
Ex: ”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us. –>The teacher told us not to talk in
class.
Một số dạng câu tường thuật đặc biệt
-> SHALL/ WOULD dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:
Tom asked: 'Shall I bring you some tea?'
-> Tom offered to bring me some tea.
Tom asked: 'Shall we meet at the theatre?'
-> Tom suggested meeting at the theatre.
-> WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:
Tom asked: 'Will you help me, please?'
-> Tom asked me to help him.
Jane asked Tom: 'Can you open the door for me, Tom?'
-> Jane asked Tom to open the door for her.
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
She asked............................................. ......................
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.
Martin asked us................................................ ...................
3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
He asked............................................. ......................
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter.......................................... .........................
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend......................................... ..........................
6. "What are they doing?" she asked.
She wanted to know.............................................. .....................
7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.
He wanted to know.............................................. .....................
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to know.............................................. .....................
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.
She asked me................................................ ...................
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.
My friend asked me................................................ ...................
11. "What's the time?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
12. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
13. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.
→ She asked him .................................................. .
14. "Where did they live?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
15. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
16. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
17. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to know .................................................. .
18. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.
→ She wanted to know .................................................. .
19. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
20. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.
→ The mother asked the twins ..................................................
21. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .
22. "Be patient," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
23. "Go to your room," her father said to her.
→ Her father told her .................................................. .
24. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
25. "Give me the key," he told her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
26. "Play it again, Sam," she said.
→ She asked Sam .................................................. .
27. "Sit down, Caron" he said.
→ He asked Caron .................................................. .
28. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest .................................................. .
29. "Take off your shoes," she told us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
30. "Mind your own business," she told him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
Bài 2: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive
1. She said, "Go upstairs."
→ She told me .................................................. .
2. "Close the door behind you," he told me.
→ He told me .................................................. .
3. "Don't be late," he advised us.
→ He advised us .................................................. .
4. "Stop staring at me," she said.
→ She told him .................................................. .
5. "Don't be angry with me," he said.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Leave me alone," she said.
→ She told me .................................................. .
7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us.
→ She warned us .................................................. .
8. "John, stop smoking," she said.
→ She told John .................................................. .
9. "Don't worry about us," they said.
→ They told her .................................................. .
10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
11. He said, "I like this song."
→ He said .................................................. .
12. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
13. "I don't speak Italian," she said.
→ She said .................................................. .
14. "Say hello to Jim," they said.
→ They asked me .................................................. .
15. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
→ He said that ..................................................