Data Analysis SPSS

Data Analysis
Deceptive statistics
From the following table we can observe that, about 51.8% of the respondents in this study were
males. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
What is your gender?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Male 29 51.8 51.8 51.8
Valid Female 27 48.2 48.2 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

married. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
What
is your marital status?

Percent
Married 31 55.4 55.4 55.4
Widowed 6 10.7 10.7 66.1

Valid
Divorced 6 10.7 10.7 76.8
Separated 7 12.5 12.5 89.3

Never married 6 10.7 10.7 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
aged between 26 – 45 years. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
What is your age?

Percent
Valid 0-18 years 4 7.1 7.1 7.1

19-25 15 26.8 26.8 33.9
26-45 33 58.9 58.9 92.9
above 45 4 7.1 7.1 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
From the following table we can observe that, about 48.2% of the respondents in this study
educated up to graduation and above. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to
the same.
What is your education Level?

Percent
Secondary 12 21.4 21.4 21.4
HND 17 30.4 30.4 51.8

Valid
Graduate and above 27 48.2 48.2 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
employed. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
What is your employment
status?

Percent
UN-employed 20 35.7 35.7 35.7
Valid Employed 36 64.3 64.3 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
From the following table we can observe that, about 33.9% of the respondents in this study had
experience from 2 – 5 years. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
What is your working experience?

Percent
Less than 1 year 18 32.1 32.1 32.1
2-5 years 19 33.9 33.9 66.1
Valid 6-10 years 6 10.7 10.7 76.8
Above 10 years 13 23.2 23.2 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

not thinking of resigning from current job. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
corresponding to the same.
If you are currently
employed are you thinking of resigning from your current job?

Percent
Yes 25 44.6 44.6 44.6
Valid No 31 55.4 55.4 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that they have low income from their business. Following bar chart also shows taller
bar corresponding to the same.
If the answer is No, please specify the reason: Low-income from your business

Percent
Low-income from your

Valid 2 3.6 100.0 100.0
business
Missing System 54 96.4
Total 56 100.0
expressed that the employment is more secure. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
If the answer is No, please specify the reason: Employment is more secure

Percent
0 41 73.2 73.2 73.2
Valid Employment is more secure 15 26.8 26.8 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that they prefer to have two incomes. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
If the answer is No, please specify the reason: Prefer to have two incomes

Percent
0 41 73.2 73.2 73.2
Valid Prefer to have two incomes 15 26.8 26.8 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed other reasons. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
If the answer is No, please specify the reason: others please specify ............

Percent
0 44 78.6 78.6 78.6
others please specify

Valid 12 21.4 21.4 100.0
............
Total 56 100.0 100.0

obtained a loan of OMR 11,000 – 50,000. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
How much loan did you
obtain?

Percent
Less than OMR 10,000 16 28.6 28.6 28.6

Valid
OMR. 11,000-50,000 22 39.3 39.3 67.9
OMR. 51,000-100,000 14 25.0 25.0 92.9
Above 100,000 4 7.1 7.1 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that the interest on their loan was 2.1 – 10%. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
What is the interest on your loan?

Percent
2% 26 46.4 46.4 46.4
Valid 2.1-10% 30 53.6 53.6 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that the interest their loan is fair. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
The interest in your loan is:

Percent
Low 14 25.0 25.0 25.0
High 19 33.9 33.9 58.9

Valid
Fair 23 41.1 41.1 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that the grace period is 7 – 11 months. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
The grace period is

Percent
2-6 months 7 12.5 12.5 12.5
7-11 months 19 33.9 33.9 46.4
Valid 12 moths 16 28.6 28.6 75.0
Above 12 months 14 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that since the loan there are changes in their level of living standards. Following bar
chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
Since Acquiring the loan are there any changes in your level of living
standards?

Percent
Yes 26 46.4 46.4 46.4
No 19 33.9 33.9 80.4

Valid
Not sure 11 19.6 19.6 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that the there are changes in their level of living standards in other consumption areas.
Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
If the answer is yes, please specify

Percent
Kids education 3 5.4 5.4 5.4
Healthcare 14 25.0 25.0 30.4

Valid
Other consumption areas 28 50.0 50.0 80.4
All of the above 11 19.6 19.6 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that the employment is more secure. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
How often do you agree that the loan you have taken has improved your living
standard? - Group

Percent
Valid Detractor 24 42.9 42.9 42.9

Passive 20 35.7 35.7 78.6
Promoter 12 21.4 21.4 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
From the following table we can observe that, about 17.9% of the respondents in this study rated
5 for their agreement that the loan they have taken has improved their living standard. Following
bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
How often do you agree that the loan you have taken has improved your
living standard?
Percent
0 5 8.9 8.9 8.9
1 3 5.4 5.4 14.3
2 4 7.1 7.1 21.4
3 7 12.5 12.5 33.9
4 10 17.9 17.9 51.8
Valid 5 10 17.9 17.9 69.6
6 7 12.5 12.5 82.1
7 4 7.1 7.1 89.3
8 3 5.4 5.4 94.6
10 3 5.4 5.4 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that the purpose of their loan was to start a new business. Following bar chart also
shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
What is the purpose of the
loan?

Percent
Start a new business 34 60.7 60.7 60.7
Valid Expand existing business 22 39.3 39.3 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that they have 2 – 5 employees in their existing business. Following bar chart also
If you have an existing
business, how many employees do you have?

Percent
yourself only 10 17.9 17.9 17.9

Valid
2-5 30 53.6 53.6 71.4
6-10 16 28.6 28.6 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that they have other employees for starting a new business. Following bar chart also
If you are starting a new
business, do you have any other employees with you?

Percent
Yes 28 50.0 50.0 50.0
Valid No 28 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that they have 1 – 5 employees. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
If the answer is yes how many employees do you have?

Percent
1-5 31 55.4 55.4 55.4
Valid 6-10 25 44.6 44.6 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that the loan for the purpose acquired it for. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
Did you use the loan for the purpose acquired it for?

Percent
Yes 43 76.8 76.8 76.8
Valid NO 13 23.2 23.2 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that they used the loan for consumption purpose. Following bar chart also shows taller
If the answer is no, please specify

Percent
For consumption purpose 32 57.1 57.1 57.1
Valid Building a house 24 42.9 42.9 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that any other services from AIRaad fund other than the loan. Following bar chart also
Did you get any other services from AlRaffd Fund other than the loan?

Percent
Yes 37 66.1 66.1 66.1
Valid No 19 33.9 33.9 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that business follow up from AI. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
If the answer yes what are these services?

Percent
Basic accounting training 11 19.6 19.6 19.6
Business follow up from Al

30 53.6 53.6 73.2
Raffd staffs
Valid
All of the above 15 26.8 26.8 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
expressed that they did not receive training for the education and training that have been
provided enabled them to success in their business. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
Lastly, to what extent
do you agree with the following statement? - 1. The education and training that have been
provided enabled me to success in my business.

Percent
Agree 8 14.3 14.3 14.3
Agree to some Extent 8 14.3 14.3 28.6
Disagree to some extent 13 23.2 23.2 51.8

Valid
Disagree 13 23.2 23.2 75.0
Did not receive training 14 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

From the following table we can observe that, about 26.8% of the respondents disagreed that, the
loan that they receive has improve their living standards. Following bar chart also shows taller
do you agree with the following statement? - 2) The loan that I received has improve my living
standards.

Percent
Agree 8 14.3 14.3 14.3

Valid
Disagree 15 26.8 26.8 91.1
Total 56 100.0 100.0
disagreed to some extent by starting their own business they created their own career. Following
bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
do you agree with the following statement? - 3) By starting my own business I created my
own career

Percent
Agree 10 17.9 17.9 17.9

Valid
Disagree 13 23.2 23.2 94.6
Total 56 100.0 100.0

expressed that AIRaffd fund provides loans for youth. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
What
is the role of this institution (AlRaffd Fund)? Provides Loans for youth

Percent
Valid Provides Loans for youth 23 41.1 100.0 100.0

Total 56 100.0
expressed that AIRaffd fund provides business advice. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
What
is the role of this institution (AlRaffd Fund)? provide business advice

Percent
Valid provide business advice 5 8.9 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
expressed that AIRaffd fund provides business skills training. Following bar chart also shows
taller bar corresponding to the same.
What
is the role of this institution (AlRaffd Fund)? provide business skills training
Percent
provide business skills

Valid 4 7.1 100.0 100.0
training
Total 56 100.0
expressed that they currently offer business loans. Following bar chart also shows taller bar

Which of the following
financial services do you currently offer? Business loans

Percent
Valid Business loans 21 37.5 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
expressed that they currently offer personal loans. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
financial services do you currently offer? Personal loans

Percent
Valid Personal loans 1 1.8 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
expressed that they currently offer LC services. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
financial services do you currently offer? LC services

Percent
Valid LC services 1 1.8 100.0 100.0

Total 56 100.0
expressed that their funding target is unemployed youths. Following bar chart also shows taller
Who would you say your funding targets? Unemployed youth

Percent
Valid Unemployed youth 12 21.4 100.0 100.0

Total 56 100.0
expressed that their funding target is females. Following bar chart also shows taller bar
Who would you say your funding targets? Females

Percent
Valid Females 8 14.3 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
expressed that their funding target is owners of existing business. Following bar chart also shows
taller bar corresponding to the same.
Who would you say your funding targets? Owners of existing business
Percent
Valid Owners of existing business 8 14.3 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
expressed that their funding target is low income. Following bar chart also shows taller bar

Who would you say your funding targets? low-income

Percent
Valid low-income 7 12.5 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
expressed that their funding target is all of the above. Following bar chart also shows taller bar

Who would you say your funding targets? All of the above

Percent
Valid All of the above 10 17.9 100.0 100.0
Total 56 100.0
charging 2% interest for their loans. Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to
the same.
What is the interest rate that you charge to your loans?

Percent
2% 23 41.1 41.1 41.1
2.1%-10% 21 37.5 37.5 78.6

Valid
10.1%-20% 12 21.4 21.4 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

agreed that Al Raffd sevices could improve the living standards of their clients. Following bar
chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
To what extent do you
agree with each of the following statements? - 1) Al Raffd services could improve the living
standards of their clients.

Percent
Agree 22 39.3 39.3 39.3

Valid
Total 56 100.0 100.0

agreed that Al Raffd loans could contribute to the growth of small medium enterprise in Oman.
Following bar chart also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
agree with each of the following statements? - 2) Al Raffd Loans could contribute to the
growth of small medium enterprise in Oman.

Percent
Agree 32 57.1 57.1 57.1

Valid
Total 56 100.0 100.0
From the following table we can observe that, about 58./% of the respondents in this study
agreed that Al Raffd could contribute to reduce unemployment in Oman. Following bar chart
also shows taller bar corresponding to the same.
agree with each of the following statements? - 3)AlRaffd could contribute to reduce
unemployment in Oman
Percent
Agree 33 58.9 58.9 58.9
Valid Agree to some Extent 23 41.1 41.1 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0
agreed that their customs default in repaying their loans. Following bar chart also shows taller

How likely is that your customers default in
repaying their loans? - Group

Percent
Detractor 26 46.4 46.4 46.4
Passive 22 39.3 39.3 85.7

Valid
Promoter 8 14.3 14.3 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

agreed that their customers default in repaying their loans. Following bar chart also shows taller
repaying their loans?

Percent
0 1 1.8 1.8 1.8
1 3 5.4 5.4 7.1
2 11 19.6 19.6 26.8
3 20 35.7 35.7 62.5
4 13 23.2 23.2 85.7

Valid
5 5 8.9 8.9 94.6
7 1 1.8 1.8 96.4
8 1 1.8 1.8 98.2
9 1 1.8 1.8 100.0
Total 56 100.0 100.0

Chi-Square Test
Test - 1
In order to test whether there is a significant difference in agreement of the respondents
regarding the loan they have taken has improved their living standard, a chi square test for equal
proportions was applied by using SPSS. The null and alternate hypothesis were as follows,
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in agreement of the respondents regarding the
loan they have taken has improved their living standard.

Alternate hypothesis: There is a significant difference in agreement of the respondents regarding
the loan they have taken has improved their living standard.
How often do you agree that the loan you have taken
has improved your living standard? - Group
Observed N Expected N Residual
Detractor 24 18.7 5.3
Passive 20 18.7 1.3
Promoter 12 18.7 -6.7
Total 56
How often do you agree that the loan you have taken
has improved your living standard? - Group
Chi-Square 4.000a
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .135
The chi square value was 4 and its corresponding p value was 0.135>0.05. Since the p value was
more than 0.05, we can conclude that, there is no significant difference in agreement of the
respondents regarding the loan they have taken has improved their living standard.
Test – 2
regarding the education and training that have been provided enabled them to success in their
business, a chi square test for equal proportions was applied by using SPSS. The null and
alternate hypothesis were as follows,

education and training that have been provided enabled them to success in their business.
the education and training that have been provided enabled them to success in their business.
do you agree with the following statement? - 1. The education and

training that have been provided enabled me to success in my
business.
Agree 8 11.2 -3.2
Agree to some Extent 8 11.2 -3.2
Disagree to some extent 13 11.2 1.8
Disagree 13 11.2 1.8
Did not receive training 14 11.2 2.8
Total 56
do you agree with the following statement? - 1.

The education and training that have been
provided enabled me to success in my
business.
Chi-Square 3.107b
df 4
Asymp. Sig. .540

The chi square value was 3.107 and its corresponding p value was 0.54>0.05. Since the p value
was more than 0.05, we can conclude that, there is no significant difference in agreement of the
respondents regarding the education and training that have been provided enabled them to
success in their business.
Test – 3
regarding the loan that they received has improved their living standards, a chi square test for
equal proportions was applied by using SPSS. The null and alternate hypothesis were as follows,
loan that they received has improved their living standards.

the loan that they received has improved their living standards.
do you agree with the following statement? - 2) The loan that I

received has improve my living standards.
Agree 8 11.2 -3.2
Agree to some Extent 14 11.2 2.8
Did not receive training 5 11.2 -6.2
Total 56
do you agree with the following

statement? - 2) The loan that I
received has improve my living
standards.
Chi-Square 7.036b
df 4
Asymp. Sig. .134
The chi square value was 4 and its corresponding p value was 7.036>0.05. Since the p value was
more than 0.05, we can conclude that, there is no significant difference in agreement of the
respondents regarding the loan that they received has improved their living standards.
Test – 4
regarding by starting their own business they created their own career, a chi square test for equal
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in agreement of the respondents regarding by
starting their own business they created their own career.

by starting their own business they created their own career.
do you agree with the following statement? - 3) By starting my own

business I created my own career
Agree 10 11.2 -1.2

Did not receive training 3 11.2 -8.2
Total 56
do you agree with the

following statement? - 3)
By starting my own
business I created my
own career
Chi-Square 9.714b
df 4
Asymp. Sig. .046
The chi square value was 9.714and its corresponding p value was 0.046<0.05. Since the p value
was less than 0.05, we can conclude that, there is a significant difference in agreement of the
respondents regarding by starting their own business they created their own career.
Test – 5
regarding Al Raffd services could improve the living standards of their clients, a chi square test
for equal proportions was applied by using SPSS. The null and alternate hypothesis were as
follows,
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in agreement of the respondents regarding Al
Raffd services could improve the living standards of their clients.

Al Raffd services could improve the living standards of their clients.
agree with each of the following statements? - 1) Al Raffd services

could improve the living standards of their clients.
Agree 22 18.7 3.3
Disagree to some extent 12 18.7 -6.7
Total 56
agree with each of the following

statements? - 1) Al Raffd
services could improve the living
standards of their clients.
Chi-Square 3.571a
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .168
respondents regarding Al Raffd services could improve the living standards of their clients.
Test – 6
regarding Al Raffd Loans could contribute to the growth of small medium enterprise in Oman, a
chi square test for equal proportions was applied by using SPSS. The null and alternate
hypothesis were as follows,
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in agreement of the respondents regarding Al
Raffd Loans could contribute to the growth of small medium enterprise in Oman.

Al Raffd Loans could contribute to the growth of small medium enterprise in Oman.
agree with each of the following statements? - 2) Al Raffd Loans

could contribute to the growth of small medium enterprise in
Oman.
Agree 32 28.0 4.0
Total 56
agree with each of the following statements? - 2) Al Raffd

Loans could contribute to the growth of small medium
enterprise in Oman.
Chi-Square 1.143a
df 1
Asymp. Sig. .285

respondents regarding Al Raffd Loans could contribute to the growth of small medium enterprise
in Oman.
Test – 7
regarding AlRaffd could contribute to reduce unemployment in Oman, a chi square test for equal
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in agreement of the respondents regarding
AlRaffd could contribute to reduce unemployment in Oman.

AlRaffd could contribute to reduce unemployment in Oman.
agree with each of the following statements? - 3)AlRaffd could

contribute to reduce unemployment in Oman
Agree 33 28.0 5.0
Total 56
agree with each of the following statements? -

3)AlRaffd could contribute to reduce
unemployment in Oman
Chi-Square 1.786b
df 1
Asymp. Sig. .181
respondents regarding AlRaffd could contribute to reduce unemployment in Oman.
Test – 8
regarding their customers are default in repaying their loans, a chi square test for equal
their customers are default in repaying their loans.

their customers are default in repaying their loans.
Detractor 26 18.7 7.3
Passive 22 18.7 3.3

Promoter 8 18.7 -10.7
Total 56
How likely is that your customers

default in
Chi-Square 9.571b
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .008
The chi square value was 9.571 and its corresponding p value was 0.008<0.05. Since the p value
was less than 0.05, we can conclude that, there is a significant difference in agreement of the
respondents regarding their customers are default in repaying their loans.
Test – 9
regarding their customer likely to default in repaying their loans, a chi square test for equal
their customer likely to default in repaying their loans.

their customer likely to default in repaying their loans.

0 1 6.2 -5.2
1 3 6.2 -3.2
2 11 6.2 4.8
3 20 6.2 13.8
4 13 6.2 6.8
5 5 6.2 -1.2
7 1 6.2 -5.2
8 1 6.2 -5.2
9 1 6.2 -5.2
Total 56
How likely is that your

customers default in
Chi-Square 61.000b
df 8
Asymp. Sig. .000
The chi square value was 4 and its corresponding p value was 0.000<0.05. Since the p value was
less than 0.05, we can conclude that, there is a significant difference in agreement of the
respondents regarding their customer likely to default in repaying their loans.

Data Analysis SPSS

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Data Analysis SPSS

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Data Analysis

What is your gender?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Male 29 51.8 51.8 51.8

Valid Female 27 48.2 48.2 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

is your marital status?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Married 31 55.4 55.4 55.4

Widowed 6 10.7 10.7 66.1

Separated 7 12.5 12.5 89.3

Total 56 100.0 100.0

What is your age?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Valid 0-18 years 4 7.1 7.1 7.1

26-45 33 58.9 58.9 92.9

above 45 4 7.1 7.1 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

What is your education Level?

Secondary 12 21.4 21.4 21.4

HND 17 30.4 30.4 51.8

Total 56 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

UN-employed 20 35.7 35.7 35.7

Valid Employed 36 64.3 64.3 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Less than 1 year 18 32.1 32.1 32.1

2-5 years 19 33.9 33.9 66.1

Valid 6-10 years 6 10.7 10.7 76.8

Above 10 years 13 23.2 23.2 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

If you are currently

employed are you thinking of resigning from your current job?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Yes 25 44.6 44.6 44.6

Valid No 31 55.4 55.4 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Low-income from your

Missing System 54 96.4

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

0 41 73.2 73.2 73.2

Valid Employment is more secure 15 26.8 26.8 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

0 41 73.2 73.2 73.2

Valid Prefer to have two incomes 15 26.8 26.8 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

0 44 78.6 78.6 78.6

others please specify

Total 56 100.0 100.0

How much loan did you

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Less than OMR 10,000 16 28.6 28.6 28.6

Above 100,000 4 7.1 7.1 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

What is the interest on your loan?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Valid 2.1-10% 30 53.6 53.6 100.0

Total 56 100.0 100.0

The interest in your loan is:

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

High 19 33.9 33.9 58.9

Total 56 100.0 100.0

The grace period is