COM SCI Modules 3 and 4

MODULE 3
Computer Science I—3rd Grading 1

Learning outcomes
Lesson 1: Microsoft Excel
 Describe MS Excel,
worksheet, work- ELECTRONIC SPEADSHEET
book, its Window
and Screen elements
 Identify the Ribbon

and the Tabs
 Recognize the differ-

ent kinds of views
and how to move
around the work-
sheet
 Show how to enter,

insert, change, de-
lete data in a cell.
LET’S WARM UP
1. Have you ever shopped in a supermarket?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________
2. Do you or your parents use a grocery checklist?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________
3. Do you or your parents ever compare prices?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________
What do you need to know?
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Microsoft Excel is a software program produced by Microsoft that allows users to organize, for-
mat and calculate data with formulas using a spreadsheet system.
This software is part of the Microsoft Office suite and is compatible with other applications in the
Office suite. Like other Microsoft Office products, Microsoft Excel can now be purchased through
the cloud on a subscription basis through Office 365.
Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/f9EQhtb4pG1hgXSv7

A Brief History of Spreadsheets
Spreadsheets have been used by accountants for hundreds of years. Computerized
or electronic spreadsheets are of much more recent origin. Information Systems
oral history and some published newspaper and magazine stories celebrate Dan
Bricklin as the "father" of the electronic spreadsheet. In 1978, Harvard Business
School student, Daniel Bricklin, came up with the idea for an interactive visible
calculator. Bricklin and Bob Frankston then co-invented or co-created the
software program VisiCalc. VisiCalc (Visible Calculator) was the first spread-
sheet computer program for personal computers, originally released for Ap-
ple II by VisiCorp in 1979.
What happened to VisiCalc?
VisiCalc was soon sold to Lotus Development Corporation, where it developed into
the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet for the PC by 1983. Bricklin never received a patent
for VisiCalc. It was not until after 1981 that software programs were made eligible
for patents by the Supreme Court.
*A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention.
In other words, patent protection means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, import-
ed, or sold by others without
the patent owner's consent.
Image Source:
1. https://images.app.goo.gl/8WU21WDSLbkrua2z8
2. 2. https://images.app.goo.gl/t4oJs6Wfj45yXZ6X9
Worksheet
A worksheet is an on-screen spreadsheet that contains various cells in columns and rows.
By entering information in the form of labels, values and formulas into the worksheet
cell, you create tables or spreadsheets that are useful for summarizing, tabulating, and
analyzing data.
Workbook
A workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheets to help you organize data. You
can create a new workbook from a blank workbook or a template.

The MS Excel Window
1 3
2
5 B A
6 C
8
7
9
12
10
11 13 14
NAME DESCRIPTION
1. Quick Access Provides access to the most common MS Excel commands in-
Toolbar cluding Save, Undo, Redo and Copy. You can customize, add or
delete buttons on this toolbar.
2. Title Bar Shows the open program and the name of the open file.
3. Window Control Minimizes, maximizes, restores and closes the window.

Buttons
4. File Menu Provides access to the menu in MS Office. When you click this
button, it shows the following menus: Home, new, Open, Info,
Save, Save as, Print, Share, Export, Publish, Close, Account and
More.
5. Ribbon It contains the commands organized in three components:
(A) Tabs—provide access to many tools and contain related

groups
(B) Groups—organize related commands. Group name appears

below the group ribbon
(C) Commands—appear within each group.

The MS Excel Window
NAME DESCRIPTION
6. Name box Shows the cell reference of the active cell. This can also be used
to locate a cell.
7. Formula Bar The area where you can enter or edit text or formulas.
8. Active cell A cell that is selected. The active cell is indicated in the Name
Box at the Formula Bar.
9. Cell A cell is the rectangular area where a column and row intersect.
Each cell is identified by a cell reference which is its column and
row location.
10. Worksheet Each workbook contains worksheets with sheet tabs located at
the bottom of the worksheet. The sheet tab identifies the name
of the worksheet. (example, Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3)
11. Workbook A file that contains one or more worksheets, which you can use
to organize various kinds of related information.
12. Scroll bars Allows you to easily go to the top or bottom, left or right of the
worksheet.
13. View buttons Shows different views of the worksheet such as normal, Page
Layout and Page Break Preview
14. Zoom Slider Minimizes and maximizes the view of the worksheet.
How to start the Excel Spreadsheet program

1. Click the Start button. . If Excel Starter is not included among the list of programs you
see, click All Programs, and then click Microsoft Office Starter.
2. Click Microsoft Excel Starter. The Excel Starter startup screen appears, and a blank
spreadsheet is displayed.
Ribbon
The ribbon is the panel at the top portion of the document. It has seven tabs which are
Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, and View. These tabs contain com-
mands and tools which are grouped according to their function. Additional tabs will show
when you are working on pictures, ClipArt, WordArt, text boxes, and shapes. When you
move the mouse pointer over each command or tool, it will display the pop-up name and
function of the command.

Ribbon..
A. FILE MENU
The File Menu contains menus such as Info, new, open, Save, Save As, Print, Share, Export,
Close and Account.
B. Home Tab
The Home tab displays the related commands which are grouped as Clipboard, Font, Alingnment,
Number, Styles, Cells and Editing.
C. Insert Tab
The insert Tab displays the related commands which are grouped as Tables, Illustrations, Apps,
Reports, Sparklines, Filters, Links, Text, and Symbols.
D. Page Layout
The Page layout tab displays the related commands which are grouped as Themes, Page Setup,
Scale to Fit, Sheet options and Arrange.
E. Formulas Tab
The Formulas Tab displays the related commands which grouped as Function Library, Defined
Names, Formula Auditing, and Calculation

F. Data Tab
The Data Tab displays the related commands which are grouped as Get External Data, Connec-
tions, Sort and Filter, Data Tools, and Outline.
G. Review Tab
The Review tab displays the related commands which are grouped as Proofing, Language, Com-
ments, and Changes
H. View Tab
The View Tab displays related commands which are grouped as Workbook, Views, Show, Zoom,
Window, and Macros.
Working with Mini Toolbar and Context Menus

When you move your mouse over the selected text, a mini toolbar will appear. When you right
click on the text, a context menu will appear. The mini toolbar and context menu contain fre-
quently used tools that you that you can easily access even without going to the Ribbon menu.
Mini Toolbar
Context Menu

Creating a New Worksheet
A new worksheet is launched every time you open Microsoft Excel. You can immediately
start typing your data inside the cell. Other ways to create a new worksheet are the fol-
lowing:
1. On the File Tab, click New,
2. On the quick Access toolbar, click New button
New Button
To customize Quick Access Toolbar, Click Here: https://bit.ly/3ajnStJ
Cells, Columns, and Rows

A cell is an area where the column and row intersect. Each cell has a name which corresponds to
its column heading and row heading which is called a Cell Reference. The selected cell is the active
cell.
Column is the vertical space that goes down the window. Excel has 16,384 columns. Each col-
umn has a column heading A, B, C, and so on. You can add, delete and resize the columns.
Row is the horizontal space that goes across the window. Excel has 1, 048,576 rows. Each row
has a row heading 1,2,3 and so on. You can add, delete, and resize the rows.
To add, delete, and Resize columns and rows, Click here: https://bit.ly/3qnDLFj

Column Headings
Row Headings
Row
Columns
Entering and Changing Data in a Cell

You may enter your data by selecting a cell. You can select a cell by clicking your mouse pointer on
the cell. Type your data cell by clicking your mouse pointer on the cell. Type your data on the se-
lected cell and move to the next cell to type another data. You can move to another cell by press-
ing the arrow keys on your keyboard or just clicking the mouse.
If you want to replace the data you have previously typed, go back to the cell by clicking your
mouse pointer on the cell you want to change.
There are many ways to change the data.
1. Once you are in the cell you want to change, double click the cell and when the blinking cur-
sor appears, press backspace or delete and type your new data and press enter key.
2. Once you are in the cell you want to change, click your mouse on the formula bar, press back-
space or delete and type your new data and press the enter key.
Formula Bar
Cell Reference
Active Cell A1
Moving around the worksheet

You can move around the worksheet by clicking the mouse on any cell you want. You can also
move around the worksheet by pressing the arrow keys on the keyboard.

Key FUNCTION
Up Arrow Goes up one line in the worksheet
Down Arrow Goes down one line in the worksheet
Left Arrow Goes to the left of the worksheet
Right Arrow Goes to the right of the worksheet
Page Up Goes up one page in the worksheet
Page Down Goes down one page in the worksheet
Home Goes to the first cell on the line
End Goes to the last cell on the line
Ctrl+Home Goes to the first cell A1
Ctrl + End Goes to the last cell with data.
Saving the Worksheet

Microsoft excel provide many ways to save a worksheet.
1. Click the File Tab and on the menu click the Save or Save as command.
2. On the Save as window, select Computer, click Browse and the Save Dialog Box will appear.
3. Click the drop down arrow in the Save in box to select where you want to save your work-
sheet.
4. On the File Name box, type your file name and click Save.
5. Or on the Quick Access Toolbar, Click the Save button

How much have you learned?
Activity 1.1
A. Identify the eight Groups in the Insert Tab.

1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________
7. _______________
8. _______________
B. Identify the five Groups in the Page Layout Tab.

1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
C. Identify the six Groups in the Data Tab.

1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________

Activity 1.2
Identify the following Excel screen elements. Write the letter of the correct answer.
A. Quick Access Toolbar B. Title Bar C. Worksheet
D. Workbook E. File Menu F. Ribbon G. Active
_____1. It provides access to the most common MS Excel commands including Save, Un-
do, Repeat and Copy. You can customize, add or delete buttons on this toolbar.
_____2. Each workbook contains worksheets with sheet tabs located at the bottom of
the worksheet. The sheet tab identifies the name of the worksheet.
_____3. It is the area where you can enter or edit text or formulas.
_____4. It is a cell in the rectangular area where a column and a row intersect. Each cell is
identified by a cell reference which is its column and row location.
_____5. It is a cell that is selected. The active cell is indicated in the Name Box at the For-
mula bar.
_____6. It shows the cell reference of the active cell. This can also be used to locate a
cell.
_____7. It provides access to the only menu in MS OFFICE. When you click this button it
shows the following menus: New, Open, Save, Save as, Print, Prepare, Send, Publish, and
Close.
_____8. It shows the open program and the name of the open file.
_____9. It contains the commands organized in three components. Tabs, Groups and
Commands.
_____10. It is a file that contains one or more worksheets, which you can use to organize
various kinds of related information.

Activity 1.3
Identify the following Font Group Commands. Choose your answer from the box and
write the letter of the correct answer.
A.
_____1. Font
_____2. Size B.
_____3. Increase Font Size
_____4. Decrease Font Size C.

_____5. Bold
_____6. italic
D.
_____7. Underline
_____8. Border
_____9. Fill Color E.
_____10. Font Color

F.
G.
H.
I.
J.

How do you APPLY what you have learned.
HANDS ON 1
(By Group)
1. Create a new Excel worksheet. Type the names of your class-
mates and their telephone numbers
2. Search from the internet the importance of plants and animals in
our environment. Create a new Excel Worksheet and save your
file as “Importance of Plants and Animals”

Lesson 2: EDITING THE WORKSHEET

Learning outcomes
Lesson 2: EDITING THE WORKSHEET
 Demonstrate o
 Identify the Ribbon

and the Tabs
 Recognize the differ-

ent kinds of views
and how to move
around the work-
sheet
 Show how to enter,

insert, change, de-
lete data in a cell.
LET’S WARM UP
1. Identify the four Groups in the Formulas Tab.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______________
2. Identify the five Groups in the View Tab.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
A. Deleting data and clearing Cell Contents

As you are building or modifying your worksheet, you may find that you
have to change data or formula in a cell or you want a cell to be empty.
There are many ways to erase the content of a cell.
1. Go to the cell and press either the Delete or the Clear on the keyboard
or press the Spacebar and press Enter.
2. Select the cell, then on the Home tab ribbon, go to the Cell group and
click Delete drop down arrow.
3. Select from the drop-down menu the delete options.
4. Highlight the cells then right click the mouse. On the context menu
click Delete. On the dialog box, select the delete options from the
menu and click OK.
5. You can also go to the Editing group and click the Clear button.

Delete Clear button
Context
Menu
Delete
Clear
Contents
B. Resizing the Column or Row

If the text you are typing does not fit the cell, you may resize the column and row.
1. To resize the row, point your mouse to the line between the row names
and when the double headed arrow appears, move your mouse up or
down to resize.
2. To resize the columns, point your mouse to the line between the col-
umn names and when the double headed arrow appears, move your
mouse left or right to resize.
3. You can also resize a group of columns or rows simultaneously by se-
lecting the columns or rows and drag the double headed arrow.
4. You can also use the Format command to resize. On the Home tab, go
to the Cells group and click the Format drop down arrow and select the
Row Height or Column Width.

Format
Row Height
Resize Column
Column Width
Resize
Row Autofit Column
C. Inserting a Row or Column into a Worksheet

You can add or insert rows and columns in your worksheet.
1. Place the mouse pointer on cell wherein you want to insert a row or column.
Insert
Right click to
show the mini
toolbar and con-
text menu
Insert

D.1 Inserting worksheets
1. Right click the Sheet Tab.
2. On the pop-up menu click Insert.
3. On the Insert Dialog box, click worksheet and a new worksheet will be insert-
ed.
4. You can also insert worksheet from the Home tab, go to the Cells group, click
Insert button and on the drop-down menu click Insert Sheet.
5. You can rearrange or interchange the arrangement of the worksheets by
clicking and dragging the sheet tab to the new location.
Insert
Insert
Right click to the

sheet tab to show
Insert Worksheet
D.2 Deleting Worksheets

1. Right click the Sheet Tab
2. On the pop-up menu, click Delete.
3. On the Delete dialog box, click Delete.
4. You can also click the Home Tab, go to the Cells group and click the Delete
button.
5. On the drop down menu select Delete Sheet.

D.3 Renaming the Worksheet Tab
1. Right click the mouse on the Sheet Tab.
2. On the pop-up menu click Rename.
3. Type the new name in the Sheet tab.
4. Click the pointer to any blank space in the worksheet to deselect.
D.4 Coloring the Worksheet Tab

1. Right click the mouse on the Sheet Tab
2. Click Tab Color and the color palette will appear.
3. Choose the color and the sheet tab will automatically change its color.
E. Sorting Data
You can sort list of data alphabetically by columns and by ascending or descend-
ing order. There are many ways to sort data.
1. Select the range of cells that you want to sort.
2. Click the Home tab, go to the Editing group and click Sort and Filter drop
down arrow and select from the menu the Sort options that you prefer.
3. You can also click the Sort buttons from the Quick Access toolbar.
4. Or, right click the mouse to show the Context Menu and select the Sort com-
mand and choose from the options on the sub-menu.
5. You can also click the Data tab, go to the Sort and Filter Group and click the
Sort button to launch the Sort dialog box.
6. Click the options tab and select your setting from the Sort Options dialog box.

Sort Sort and Filter
Right click to show

context menu
Sort
Sort
Sort Dialog
Box

F. 1 Using the Fill Series
You can fill the cell with a series of values that fit a predictable pattern such as a
series of number (1,2,3,4,5….) or dates (July 1, July 2, July 3…). There are many
ways you can fill series in MS Excel.
1. Go to the cell and type the first two data of your series (for example, Sep1,
Sep2) and highlight the two cells.
2. Point your mouse on the lower right corner of the second cell until you see the
Fill Handle +. Drag your mouse until you have reached the end of the series
you want.
Fill
Autofill options
Click & drag the Fill +

Handle + to Autofill
data series
3. You can also click the Home tab, go to the Editing group and click the Fill but-
ton.
4. Select Series from the drop-down menu and on the Series dialog box, select
the options available.
F.2 Copying Data and Formulas with Autofill

Data that repeats on many columns or rows can be filled in with AutoFill. Formu-
las in cells can also be copied and repeated down and across cells easily using
the Autofill.
1. Type the data or formula that you want to copy.
2. Point your mouse at the edge of the cell and when you see the Fill Handle +,
drag your mouse down the line to AutoFill the cells with the copied data or formu-
la.
3. You can also copy a formula using the copy and paste commands from the
Clipboard group on the Home Tab.

Copy and Paste
Click and drag the

Fill Handle to copy
the formula

Activity 2.1
Write True if the statement is correct and write False if not.
_____1. To delete cell contents, go to the cell and press either the Delete or the
Clear on the keyboard or press the spacebar and press enter
_____2. To clear cell contents, go to the Editing group and click the Clear button.
_____3. If the text you are typing does not fit the cell, you may resize the column
and row.
_____4. Autofit automatically fits the cell on the exact length and size of the text.
_____5. To insert row or column, click the Insert button on the Cells group and
select the options on the Insert tab.
_____6. Redo function allows you to reverse the command or action.
_____7. Data that repeats on many columns or rows can be filled in with Autofill
_____8. Spelling tool is used to check the spelling words used in your worksheet.
_____9. The fill Handle allows you to fill a series of data.
_____10. Undo function allows you to restore a previous action.

Activity 2.2
1. Study the screenshot above. James’s manager wants him to reorganize

this sheet into date order using the Date Paid column. Which option below
will allow him to do this quickly?
A. James can use the Cut and Paste function to reorganize the data into date
order.
B. James can use the Filter function to organize the data into date order.
C. James can use the Order function to organize the data into date order.
D. James can use the Sort function to organize the data into date order.
2. James’s manager asked him to sort the surnames in the list (see screen-
shot above question 1 above) in descending order. What does this mean?
A. The surnames must be sorted from A to Z.
B. The surnames must be sorted from Z to A.
C. The surnames must be sorted from the earliest to the latest that has been add-
ed to the list.
D. All of the options listed above are correct.

Activity 2.2
3. James’s manager wants him to sort the list (see screenshot above ques-
tion 1 above) by Counsellor and then by Surname. How can James do this?
A. It is not possible. James’ manager must select one criteria to sort the list by.
B. James can first click in the Counsellor column and sort it; and then click in the
Surname column and sort it separately.
C. James can click on the Sort button and add Counsellor as the first level
and Surname as the second level to sort.
D. James must use both the sort function and the filter function together to
achieve this.
4. It Is important to fill in the criteria required for each level in the Sort dia-
logue box correctly. To sort a column containing surnames alphabetically,
the Sort On box must be set to:
A. Values
B. Numbers
C. Alphabetical
D. Surnames

Activity 2.3
Study the screenshot above. James applied a Sort to this worksheet, sorting al-
phabetically in ascending order according to Name, but for some reason the col-
umn titles have all moved. Why did this happen? (10 PTS)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________

HANDS ON 2
(By Group)
1. Research from the Internet the names of Philippine Senators and

Congressmen (Maximum of 20). Type the regions that they lead.
Arrange the list in an MS Excel worksheet.
Sort the table into:
Proper alphabetical order (SURNAME)
Rubric
Neatness and Organization 10
Titles, Labels and Headings 10
Content 10

Lesson3: TEXT, VALUES, FORMULAS
and FUNCTIONS

Lesson 3: TEXT,
VALUES,
Learning outcomes
 Recognize text, values, formulas and

functions in MS Excel FORMULAS and
 Demonstrate how to enter data and for- FUNCTIONS
mula
 Describe the use of AutoSUM, Average,

Min, Max, Count, If, and Vlookup func-
tions
 Show how to display and print worksheet

formulas
 Explore changing the appearance of num-

bers and symbol ### replacement
 Apply copying the formula using the fill

handle
 Display and print worksheet formulas
 Add comments
LET’S WARM UP
Search for the words listed on the left. Shade the words that you have
found.
W W O R K S H E E T
O O R A R L O O P N
R R B C O L U M N U
C K P E W D O C U M
E B K L O U M E M B
L O J L K N T X B T
ROW
B O Q S H C O M E E
COLUMN
E K R Y G P U T R S
CELL
R X D K F E T E X T
WORK-
W D A O F R L I N E
SHEET
F O R M U L A P A G
WORKBOOK
S H E E T T A B G E
L A Y U O E X C E L

What is a Formula?
Formula is used to calculate values. You may use an equal sign or
the AutoSum function to build a formula
Texts are letters, symbols, numbers and spaces or any combination
that you enter into a cell.
Value is a number that you enter into a cell that you may use in a for-
mula later. You may include in the value the numeric symbols such as
decimal point, comma or currency.
ARITHMETIC OPERATION AND CORRESPONDING KEY-
SIGN OPERA- EXAMPLE MEANING

TION
+ Addition =B5+C5 Adds the values of cell B5

and C5
- Subtraction =B5-C5 Subtracts the value of a cell
C5 from B5.
* Multiplica- =B5*C5 Multiplies the values of cells
tion B5 and C5.
/ Division =B5/C5 Divides the value of cell B5
by C5.
^ Exponentia- =B5^3 Increases the value of B5 to
tion the third power.
Entering Labels and Data

Text entries include any combination of letters, symbols, numbers
and spaces. To create the sample below, follow the steps:
1. On cell A1, type Computer Accessories Shop.
2. On cell A2, type Sales for the First Quarter.
3. Type other details that are necessary.

Values are numbers that represent a quantity, price amount, exam score
and any value. To create the samples in the next figure follow the steps:
1. On cell B5, type 87648
2. On cell B6, type 49776
3. Type the rest of the data as shown on the next figure.

TEXT
VALUES
ENTERING FORMULAS
Formulas are arithmetic calculations that can be performed in Excel. An ex-
cel formula always begins with an equal (=) sign. To create the sample on
the next figure, follow the steps:
1. On cell E5, type =B5+C5+D5 then press the Enter Key.
2. On cell E6, type =B6+C6+D6 then press Enter Key.
3. Type the rest of the Formulas.
4. Another way you can do especially when adding on a long worksheet, on cell
E5 type the equal (=) sign, click the mouse on B5 and drag it up to D5 then press
the Enter Key.
5. To view the formula, select the cell and look at the Formula Bar.
FORMULA BAR
RANGE OF CELLS
CELL WITH FORMULA

Number Symbol (####) Replacement
If the number is too long to fit within the cell boundaries, Excel displays a
series of symbol ##### in the cell. The number and the formula are still
stored in the cell but the width of the cell is not enough to show the whole
number. To display the value you must increase the size of the column
width. These are many ways to increase the increase the size of the col-
umn width.
1. Go to the cell where ### symbol appears.
2. Click the Home tab, go to the Cells group and click the Format button.
On the drop-down list select Column Width. On the Column width dialog
box, type the width size you prefer and click OK.
3. You can also click the column header to highlight the column and right
Increase Column Width
FORMULA ERROR MESSAGES

If a formula does not work, Excel display the following messages wherein
you should modify your data or formula.
Error Meaning
#DIV/0! Attempts to divide by zero
#VALUE! Tries to calculate something that is not a value (such as a text)

#REF! Addresses a cell that does not exist (such as a deleted cell) or is
invalid
#NAME? Uses a cell name that that you have not defined, was misspelled or
cannot be recognized
#NUM! Attempts an invalid numeric data for the type of operation.
#N/A Formula or Function cannot find the referenced data
#NULL! Space was used in formula that reference multiplies ranges.
Hi Kids! To know more about MS Excel errors, watch this… https://bit.ly/2P1neJJ

FORMULAS TAB
The formula Tab on the Ribbon contains the built in functions to perform
mathematical calculations on your worksheet data.
FORMULAS TAB COMMANDS

WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS?
Functions are built-in formulas you can use to make your worksheet construc-
tion easier
EXCEL FUNCTIONS
PARTS DESCRIPTION
=SUM Calculates the sum of the values of a range of cells
=AVERAGE Calculates the arithmetic mean of a range of cells or val-
ues
=MAX Gives the maximum value in a range of cells or values
=MIN Gives the minimum value in a range of cells or values
=COUNT Counts the number of cells in a range of cells or values
=IF Shows a series of calculations using the same formula
but a different value for each calculation to determine
Using the SUM Functions

1. Click on the cell you want to perform the formula.
2. Click the Formulas Tab, go to the Functions Library group and click the
AutoSum button
3. Highlight the data that you would like to add.
Using the Average Functions

1. Click on the cell you want to perform the Formula
2. Click the Formulas Tab, go to the Function Library group and click the
AutoSum drop down button
3. On to the drop-down menu, click the Average command and high-
light the data that you would like to find the average value.
4. Press the Enter key to finish the formula.

Average
Highlight to find
average value
Using the MAX Function

2. Click the Formulas Tab, go to, go to the Functions Library group and
click the AutoSUm drop down button.
3. On the Drop-down menu, click the Max command and highlight the data
that you would like to find the maximum value.
Max
Highlight to find
maximum value
Using the MIN Function

3. On the Drop-down menu, click the Min command and highlight the data
that you would like to find the maximum value.

Min
Highlight to find
minimum value
Using the COUNT Function

3. On the Drop-down menu, click the Count command and highlight the
data that you would like to find the maximum value.
Count
Highlight to find
number of entries

Copying the Formula using the Fill Handle
1. Enter the formula on cell E5.
2. Point your mouse on the corner of cell E5 until the Fill Handle + ap-
pears.
3. Click and drag the mouse to cell E* and release the mouse.
4. You can also copy a formula using the Copy and
Click and drag the
fill handle to copy
the formula
Displaying and Printing Worksheet Formulas

Your formulas in a worksheet can be displayed and printed. Excel shows
the formulas you entered in each cell instead of showing the results of the
calculation. You may print out the formulas for your reference.
1. Click the cell that you want to display the formula.
2. Click the formulas tab, go to the Formula Auditing group and click the
show formulas button
3. The formula will now display on the cells.
Formulas Show Formulas

Adding Cell Comments
You can place a comment on a cell to make a note or explanation on a
particular data or formula.
1. Select the cell that you want to insert a comment.
2. Click the review tab, go to the Comments group and click the New
Comment button.
3. Type your notes on the Comment text box and click at any space in the
worksheet to deselect.
4. Once you had created your comment, the Delete, Previous and Next
buttons will be activated for you to edit your comment.
5. To resize the comment box, point your mouse
New/Edit Comment
Comment text box Comments Group

Activity 3.1
Identify the following Excel elemets

________________1. These are letters, symbols, numbers and spaces or any
combination that you enter into a cell.
________________2. it is a number you enter into a cell that you may use in a
formula later. You may include in the value the numeric symbols such as decimal
point, comma or currency.
________________3. It is used to calculate values. You may use an equal sign
(=) or the AutoSum function to build a formula.
________________4. These are built-in formulas you can use to make your work-
sheet construction easier
Activity 3.2
Write T if the statement is true and F if not.

________1. Value is a letter you enter into a cell that you may use in formula lat-
er.
________2. Text includes any combination of letters, symbols, numbers and
spaces.
________3. A range is a group of cells or rectangular block or cells.
________4. An Excel formula always begins with an addition sign.
________5. The SUM function is a shortcut for the total rows or columns.
________6. To view the formula in the cell, select the cell and look at the Ribbon.
________7. A ### symbol means that the number is too long to fit within the cell
boundaries.
________8. You cannot delete cells, columns, rows and worksheets in MS Excel.
________9. A text can be used in a formula.
________10. Formulas are arithmetic calculations that can be performed in MS
Excel.

________11. You can remove or delete cells, charts, columns, rows and work-
sheets.
________12. Text are letters, symbols, numbers and spaces or any combination
that you enter into a cell.
________13. A value is a number you enter into a cell that you may use in a for-
mula
later.
________14. A value can be used in a formula.
________15. A text can be used in a formula.
________6. A ### symbol means that the number you entered is wrong.
________17. Function is a built-in formula that is a shortcut for commonly.
________18. The SUM is an example of a function.
________19. You always use the equal (=) sign before a formula.
________10. A range is a group or block of selected cells.

Activity 3.3
Identify the following formula error messages.

________________1. It attempts to undefine operation of dividing by zero.
________________2. It tries to calculate something that is not a value (such as a
text).
________________3. it addresses a cell that does not exist (such as a deleted
cell).
________________4. It uses a cell name that you have not defined or was mis-
spelled.
________________5. It attempts an impossible mathematical operation.
Activity 3.4
Identify the following. Write text, value or formula.

______________1. 123456
______________2. Computer
______________3. =sum(A1+B2+C3)
______________4. ULS, 2021
______________5. October 15, 2020
______________6. =B2*B3*B4
______________7. Category
______________8. =C1/C2/C3
______________9. Fax 633-8155
______________10. 8:00 am

HANDS ON 3.1
(By Group)
1. Create your own Computer Accessories Sales Report for three

months with computation. Apply Average, Min, Max, and Count
Functions.
Example:
HANDS ON 3.2
(By Group)
1. If you will be given a chance to save money, what are the things
that you want to buy? Make a list of those things with their prices
and place it in an Excel file. Apply cell comments.

Lesson 4: FORMATTING WORKSHEETS

Lesson 3: FORMATTING
Learning outcomes
 Apply formatting of data and worksheet

WORKSHEETS
 Identify the font, alignment and number
commands
 Change font, style, size and color
 Utilize styles and the style group com-

mands.
 Show how to hide and display rows and

commands
 Rotate or wrap text and format dates
 Use worksheet protection and freeze

panes
LET’S WARM UP
Name the Groups in the Formulas Tab
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________

Formatting worksheet data
Formatting is the process of changing the appearance of the data in
worksheet cells. Formatting does not change the text or numbers in the
cell. The formatting toolbar contains the fonts, size, bold, italics, underline,
alignment, and lines.
FONT GROUP COMMANDS
The commands in the font group will allow you to modify the appearance
of the font or text in your worksheet.
Font Group

ALIGNMENT GROUP COMMANDS
The Commands in the Alignment group will allow you to modify the format-
ting or alignment of the data in your worksheet.
Alignment Group
Changing the font, Font style, and Font size

You can change the text’s attributes such as font, font style and size even after
you have created and saved your worksheet. To change the font, font style, and
size:
1. Select or highlight the cell or range of cells you want to change.
2. Click the HOME TAB, go to the Font Group and click the Font drop down ar-
row to select the font.
3. Beside the font, you can find the font size drop down arrow for the font size
options.

4. Below the font, you can select from different styles like Bold, Italics, and
Underline options.
Increase/Decrease
Fonts font size
Font Size
Font Color
Font Styles
Fill Color
Border
Dialog Box Launcher
One of MS Excel’s helpful feature is when you move your mouse over the
font options, the selected text in the cell or group of cells will display a pre-
view of the outcome if you will select that particular option. The modified
font will only be applied after you have clicked the option you have cho-

Format Cells Dialog Box
Coloring the text

1. Select the text you want to color.
Font Color
Color Gallery
Centering the Text across Cells

Centering text across one or more columns allows you to merge cells to
center a title on top of a worksheet.

1. Select the range of columns you want your label to be centered.
Merge and Center
Text at the center of

merged cells
Aligning Cell Contents

Aligning of data in a cell is position of data relative to the the right
and left, top and bottom edge of a cell. You can align a cell one at a time
or align a group of cells simultaneously.
1. Select the cell you want to align.
2. Click the Home tab, go to the Alignment group and click Center button,
Align Left button or Align right button.
3. Or you can click the alignment dialog box launcher.
4. On the Format cells dialog box click the Alignment tab.
Dialog box launcher
Text Alignment
Wrapped text
Wrap text

Number Group Commands
Number group
ICON NAME FUNCTION

General Number Format Shows at list of format options
$ Accounting Number Places currency and other number formats

Format
% Percent style Changes the number to percentage
Comma Style Adds comma separator to numbers
Increase Increases the decimal numbers

Decimal
Decrease Decreases the decimal numbers
Decimal
Number Formats
You can format the numbers with a comma separator and decimal places.
1. Select the cell or the group of cells that you want to place a comma
separator.
2. Click the Home tab, go to the Number group and click the comma but-
ton
Comma
Increase and
Decrease Decimal

Number Group Commands
Number group
ICON NAME FUNCTION

General Number Format Shows at list of format options
$ Accounting Number Places currency and other number formats

Format
% Percent style Changes the number to percentage
Comma Style Adds comma separator to numbers
Increase Increases the decimal numbers

Decimal
Decrease Decreases the decimal numbers
Decimal
Number Formats
You can format the numbers with a comma separator and decimal places.
1. Select the cell or the group of cells that you want to place a comma
separator.
2. Click the Home tab, go to the Number group and click the comma but-
ton
Comma
Increase and
Decrease Decimal

Using Styles
The commands on the Styles Group allow you to easily format with colors
based on criteria, easily format a table and format cells using pre-defined
styles.
1. Highlight the group of cells you want to style.
ICON NAME DESCRIPTION
Conditional Highlights interesting cells and emphasizes unusual values.

Formatting
Format as table Formats a range of cells and converts it into a table.
Cells styles Format cells by selecting from a pre-defined styles
Rotating text in a cell

If your heading label is long and you do not want to increase your column
width, you can rotate the text in the cell.
1. Select the cell you want to rotate the text.
2. Click the Home Tab, go to the Font Group and click the dialog box
launcher.
3. On the Format cells dialog box, select the Alignment tab.
4. On the orientation box, type the degree or click the up and down ar-
rows to increase or decrease the degree to your desired angle.
Font dialog box launcher
Alignment tab
Text rotated
Rotate dial
Degrees

Formatting Dates
1. On the cell, type the date in any format (example: 03-31-21)
2. Click the Home tab, go to the Font Group and click the dialog box
launcher.
3. On the Format cells dialog box, select the number tab and click Date.
4. Select the Type and click, OK.
Format
Font dialog box Format Cells

Formatted date
launcher
Dialog box
Number Tab
Date
Date Types

Activity 4.1
Write true if the statement is correct and False if not.

________________1. Formatting can change the text or numbers in the cell.
________________2. Centering text in a cell allows you to automatically extend
the size of the cell.
________________3. Wrapping text in a cell allows you to automatically extend
the size of the cell.
________________4. You can rotate the text if your heading is long and you don’t
want to increase the size of the column.
________________5. You can fill cells with a series of values that fit a predictable
pattern such as a series of numbers.
________________6. The commands on the Styles group allow you to easily for-
mat with colors based on criteria, format a table and cells using pre-defined styles.
________________7. Formatting is the process of changing the appearance of
the data in worksheet cells related to the contents of a specific cell.
________________8. Alignment of data in a cell is the position of data relative to
the right and left, top and bottom edges of the cell.
________________9. You can enter many cells simultaneously.
________________10. You can change the text’s attributes such as font, font
style and size even after you have created and saved your worksheet.

Activity 4.2
Match the Font group command with its description. Write the letter of the correct
answer.
A. Font _______1. It places color to the font
B. Size _______2. It changes the font style.
C. Fill Color _______3. It places highlight color to the text.
D. Font Color _______4. It changes the font size
E. Increase Font _______5. It places border on the document

Size _______6. It increases the font size
F. Decrease Font _______7. It places underline to the text
Size
_______8. It decreases the font size
G. Border
_______9. It changes the font size to Italic
H. Underline
_______10. It changes the font style to bold.
I. Italic
Activity 4.3
Answer the following questions.

1. How do you rotate text in a cell?
2. How do you format a date from 09/06/21 to 06-Sep-21?
3. How do you center the text across cells?
4. Name the three Styles Group commands and describe each.

HANDS ON 4.1
(By Group)
1. Create a new worksheet and type the following data below.

2. Rotate the headings
3. Apply the Styles Group Commands to your data.
4. Save your file as Candy Shop Sales.

Identify different kinds of Lesson 5
TECHNICAL DRAWING
Learning outcomes
Students will be able to:
 Identify basic symbols used in technical drawing
 Select technical drawing in accordance with the job requirement

Definition of Terms
Drawing, act or the art of representing any object by means of

lines and shades
Picture, visual representation or image painted, drawn, photo-

graphed, or otherwise rendered on a flat surface
Process, a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about

a result
Technical, pertaining to the useful or mechanical arts, or to sci-

ence or business
Technician, a person skilled in mechanical or industrial tech-

niques or in a particular technical field
Flowchart, a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the na-

ture and flow of the steps in a process
Tool kit, a small bag or box equipped with hand tools
Tree structure, an algorithm for placing and locating files in an

organized database
Video display terminal, a computer terminal having a video dis-

play that uses a cathode-ray tube.
Acronym
VDT—Video Display Terminal

What do you already know?
Let us determine how much you already know about carrying out men-
suration and calculation. Take this test.
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter

of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an A. Decision

action in a business process. B. Process
2. It is represented by a diamond. A process C. Arrow Line
that can answer a decision of "yes" or "no"
requires a decision box. D. Connector
3. It is represented by a small circle or a con- E. Sub Process

nector box and is labelled using letters.
4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to

bottom to keep a flowchart clear.
5. A process is represented by a rectangle with

Read the Information Sheet 5.1 very well then find out how much
you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check
5.1.
Information Sheet
Flowchart
A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphic symbols to de-

pict the nature and flow of the steps in a process. Another
name for this tool is "flow diagram."
What Are the Elements of a Flowchart?
A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to vis-

ualize the series of processes in a business system. A
flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient business
system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing sys-
tem. A flowchart consists of elements, such as the terminator, process, sub pro-
cess, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.
1. Terminator
A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners. A
terminator appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end
terminator appears only once on a single flowchart.
2. Process
A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a busi-
ness process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A process
can be described using a single verbnoun phrase; for example,
"Order Office Supplies." The same level of detail must be kept in pro-
cesses on a single flowchart.
3. Sub-process
A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each
side. A sub-process is a major process that could be broken up into
simpler processes developed into another flowchart.
4. Decision
A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a
decision of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box.

5. Connector
A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is
labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer
than a flowchart on several pages. A connector ensures that the pro-
cesses are connected logically and correctly on several pages.
6. Arrow Lines
Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom, keep
a flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could indi-
cate redundancy in the business process.
When you should use flowcharts?
At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is flowchart

helps you and others involved in the process to understand how it current-
ly works. You may find it helpful to compare this as-is flowchart with a dia-
gram of the way the process is supposed to work. Later, you will develop a
flowchart of the modified process again, to record how it actually functions.
At some point, you may want to create an ideal flowchart to show how you
would ultimately like the process to be performed.
Benefits of Using Flowcharts
1. Promote understanding of a process.

People may have differing ideas about how a process works. A
flowchart can help you gain agreement about the sequence of steps.
Flowcharts promote understanding in a way that written procedures
cannot do. One good flowchart can replace pages of words.
2. Provide a tool for training employees.
Because of the way they visually lay out the sequence of process
steps, flowcharts can be very helpful in training employees to perform
the process according to standardized procedures.
3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process improve-

ment.
Once you break down the process steps and diagram them, problem
areas become more visible. It is easy to spot opportunities for simplify-
ing and refining your process by analyzing decision points, redundant
steps, and rework loops.

Basic Flowchart Symbols
The symbols that are commonly used in flowcharts (Viewgraph 3) have specific meanings
and are connected by arrows indicating the flow from one step to another:
1. Oval. Ovals indicate both the starting point and the ending point of the process
steps.
2. Box. A box represents an individual step or activity in the process.
3. Diamond. A diamond shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go. Each

path emerging from the diamond must be labeled with one of the possible answers.
4. Circle. A circle indicates that a particular step is connected to another page or

part of the Flowchart. A letter placed in the circle clarifies the continua-
tion.
5. Triangle. A triangle shows where an in- process measurement occurs.

Self check 5.1
A. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. (2 pts. Each)
1. Indicates that a particular step is A.

connected to another page or part
of the flowchart
2. Shows a decision point, such as B.

yes/no or go/no go.
3. Indicates both the starting point

and the ending point of the pro-
cess steps. C.
4. Shows where an in-process

measurement occurs
D.
5. Represents an individual step or
E.
F.

How do you apply what you have learned?
Operation sheet 5.1
Directions:
Using the basic symbols used for flowchart, make your own simple flow
chart to illustrate the process of cleaning the computer parts and periph-
erals properly. Include the given activities below.
1. Preparation of cleaning tools
2. Identification of the parts to be cleaned
How well did you perform?
30 25 20 15

INTERPRET Lesson 3
TECHNICAL DRAWING
Learning outcomes
 Depict dimensions of the key features of the objects in the

drawing.
 Identify and interpret symbols used in the drawing.
 Check and validate drawings against job requirements or

equipment in accordance to standard operating procedures.

Let us determine how much you already know about interpreting of

technical drawing. Take this test.
Directions: Interpret the flowchart.

Read the Information Sheet 5.1 very well then find out how much you
can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 5.1.
Information Sheet
How do you interpret flowcharts?
A Flowchart will help you understand your process and un-

cover ways to improve it only if you use it to analyze what
is happening. Interpreting your Flowchart will help you to :
 Determine who is involved in the process.
 Form theories about root causes.
 Identify ways to streamline the process.
 Determine how to implement changes to the
process.
 Locate cost-added-only steps.
 Provide training on how the process works or
should work.
Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis
of your flowchart.
Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that indicate a need to
improve the process:
A. Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be caused by
redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or other factors.
B. Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate training
of process workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced, or insufficient
technical documentation. "Inform the drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak
links.
C. Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted and per-
formed in a different way by each person involved, leading to process variation.
"Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the weak link cited above.
Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol. You may want to collect data on how often
there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked by a diamond shaped symbol.
If most decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to remove this de-
cision point.

Step 3 - Examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks generate
rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the rework loop and identify
those that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.
Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol. Does the step help build a key quality
characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating it.
Types of flowchart
Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there are three
main types of flowcharts namely , linear, deployment, and opportunity. The level
of detail can be depicted as macro, mini, or micro for each of these types.
1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the sequence of

work steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and redun-
dant or unnecessary steps within a process.
2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow

and identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define
customer-supplier relationships. This type of chart shows where the people or
groups fit into the process sequence, and how they relate to one another through-
out the process.
How do we construct a linear flowchart?
Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators, techni-

cians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points. Identify the

major activities or sub processes that are included in the process. Deter-
mine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any doubt or
confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the scope of
related processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure
about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with
the last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the Flowchart.

Self check 6.1
Directions : Arrange the following steps in developing a flowchart . Put the number
on a separate sheet of paper.
____________Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for

flowcharting it. ____________Establish process boundaries - the starting
and ending points. ____________Put the steps in chronological se-
quence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the last step and
work back to the first step.
____________Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and

triangles. ____________Review and title the flowchart.
____________Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—

those operators, technicians, or office workers who are actually
involved in the process. ____________List the steps, activities, and deci-
sions to be charted. If your team is not sure about a step, mark it
to be investigated later.

Operation sheet 6.1
Directions: Analyze carefully the given task below: Work in a group

(3 members each) and develop a flowchart based on the given situation
below.
Your task:
You are a member of a product assembly team in a gaming machine

manufacturer and are looking for ways of building the product more effi-
ciently. You are asked to break down the assembly process into a set of
flowcharts, showing how sub-assemblies are made and then built into
Scoring Rubrics: You will be graded according to:
1. Clarity of your flowchart
2. Completeness
3. Accuracy

MODULE 4

Lesson 1
Applying 5s on your
COMPUTER
Learning outcomes
 Identify the 5s principle use in organizing files
 Organize documents in the computer
 Observe the risk and hazards identified into an innovative and creative way like poster, bro-
chure and leaflets.


Identify the 5S principles and give one example for each principle.

Information Sheet
Applying five S on your computer
You work with documents, presentations, graphics,

and other files all day—and chances are, you have a
lot of them. And that means it takes time to find the
documents you need. Even if it is just a couple of
minutes here, and a couple of minutes there, it all
adds up. Determine who is involved in the process.
But there is a better way to stop the file clutter—

by managing your files more effectively. Digital
files are no different than paper files, and if you don't have a good method
of organization, things get lost.
Whether you save your files in your computer's hard drive or a shared net-
work location, this course will help you save time and headache of search-
ing for files
The purpose of this instruction is to help you apply 5S concepts to the
5S provides the foundation for all quality improvement programs. Thus, it

is often said that the road to productivity starts with 5S and through 5S
you can create a highly productive company with highly productive peo-
ple. 5S is not only a matter of good housekeeping. It is a process to cre-
ate more productive people and more productive companies through
1. Seiri Sorting/Putting things in order (Remove/discard what is

not needed so that there are fewer hazards and less clutter to inter-
fere with work. Only keep what is needed.)
2. Seiton Orderliness/Proper Arrangement (Place things in such a
way that they can be easily reached whenever they are needed.

3. Seiso Clean/cleanliness. (Keep workplace and things clean and polished;
no trash or dirt in the workplace)
4. Seiketsu Standardize/Purity (Maintain cleanliness after cleaning, consist-

ently perpetual cleaning. Such cleaning is part of every one's work.)
5. Shitsuke Sustaining/discipline/commitment (Maintain standards and keep

the facility in safe and efficient order day after day, year after year.)
Example #1: Am I at lost?
It’s not unusual for you to see a computer desktop on your classmate’s desk that
looks something like this:
You may have seen even worse. Keeping your desktop so cluttered like this cre-
ates many problems such as:
 It is difficult to find what you’re looking for.
Files, folders, and application shortcuts are grouped together without any logical
separation.
You don’t know immediately where to place new files (downloaded files, attach-
ments, temporary working documents, etc)
When the desktop gets too full, you waste time cleaning temporary/downloaded
files.
If you are only backing up My Documents, items on the Desktop may be skipped.
If you are migrating to a different computer or keeping multiple computers synchro-

nized, the Desktop folder is often missed

What can you say about the desktop illustrated?
How can you make sure that the above problems will not be encountered?
Consider setting up your files in the tree structure format.
A tree structure is an algorithm for placing and locating files in an organized database.
The algorithm finds data by repeatedly making choices at decision points called nodes. A
node can have as few as two branches (also called children), or as many as several doz-
en.
In a tree, records are stored in locations called leaves. This name derives from the fact
that records always exist at end points; there is nothing beyond them.
The folder names do not necessarily tell the user what is inside them, making it difficult for
yourself and others to find. Also, the folders that are inside don’t necessarily belong there
or fit with the other files.
Sort – it’s the best thing that you can do
Tired of icon clutter on your desktop? Sure, you can organize your
desktop shortcuts, programs, folders, and the like by dragging and
dropping, but eventually some game or other screen resolution-
changing app will undo all your hard work.

Make Yourself a Desktop Cleaner
Your desktop is the first thing you see when you start your computer. This should be the
most organized part of your electronic workspace. But what if your desktop looks like
this? What will be the impressions of your classmates?
The Desktop offers many features that make using your computer easier. You can
easily start programs or applications, copy and move files from one place to another
and drag and drop files and program where you want them on the computer or even
on to a program's icon to open a file.
Manage Your Own Desktop
Numerous studies have shown that your environment affects your productivity, and
that even something as simple as color can influence your memory or creativity.
Since most of our work now is done in the digital realm, it stands to reason that your
desktop environment can play an important role in your productivity.
Your computer's desktop is a starting point for your entire computing experience,
but—like anything else if you let it get ugly and messy your productivity will take a
dive. Here's how to design and create an attractive desktop with built-in organization
to keep your workspace nice, clean, and productive with minimal effort.
How to manage your desktop:
1. Create 5 folders in My Documents called :
 Inbox - Put unprocessed items that don’t have a place yet in here. This may be
items like software installers you’ve downloaded, files sent to you from col-
leagues, and random text clippings.
 Action Items - Put items requiring an action that takes more than 2 minutes in
here. These may be items such as forms to fill out, large applications to install
and setup, and files to upload.
 On Hold - Put items you aren’t yet ready to do or complete in here. These may
be articles you’re thinking of reading, sketches for potential projects, and infor-
mation about classes you’re thinking about taking.

 Current Projects - Put files related to active projects in here. This folder con-
tains files you’re currently working on as well as reference files for a project.
Each project gets its own unique folder.
 Archive - Put completed projects, general reference items, and anything else
you might want to look at again in here
Tip: By placing the underscore in front of the name of the file folder, it will
force the folder to display at the top of the list in My Documents.
2. Now move all relevant files from your desktop into these folders. If you have a
large number of files, you can move everything into the ―Inbox‖ folder and or-
ganize it later.
3. All that should be left on the desktop is program icons.

Self check 1.1
Directions: Match the 5S principle that is needed or depicted in the follow-

Operation sheet 1.1
Directions: Organize your desktop. Name the folders below and organ-
ize your own desktop by sorting the given files accordingly.


Lesson 2
Computer Workstation
Ergonomics
Learning outcomes
 Define Computer Ergonomics
 List potential type of hazards on computer ergonomics


Direction: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the

line, if you think a statement is TRUE. Place F, if you think the
statement is FALSE.

Information Sheet
Computer Workstation Ergonomics
There are various health problems associated with the regular use of com-
puters, such as stress, eyestrain, and injuries to the wrists, neck, and
back.
Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the
regular use of computers.
Com- puter
ergonomics
is the disci-
pline of
match- ing the
task to the
worker using
the most
appropriate
1. Consideration should be given to:
The accessories required to operate properly

The layout of equipment on the desk
The location of furniture in the room

Work surface height Adjust the height of the work surface and/or
the height of the chair so that the work surface allows your elbows
to be bent at 90 degrees, forearms parallel with the floor, wrist
straight, shoulders relaxed.
Chair
Adjust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable when you are work-
ing on the keyboard. Usually, this will be close to horizontal but
some people prefer the seat tilted slightly forwards. Your knees
should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater than 90 degrees
flexion. If this places an uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or
if the feet do not reach the floor then a footrest should be used. The
footrest height must allow your knees to be bent at 90 degrees. Therefore the height of
the footrest may need to be adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower
back when you are sitting upright.
Keyboard placement
Place the keyboard in a position that allows the

forearms to be close to the horizontal and the
wrists to be straight. That is, with the hand in line
with the forearm. If this causes the elbows to be
held far out from the side of the body then re-
check the work surface height. Some people pre-
fer to have their wrists supported on a wrist desk
or the desk. Be careful not to have the wrist ex-
tended or bent in an up position.
Screen placement
Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily focus on
the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length. Set the height of the
monitor so that the top of the screen is below eye level and the bottom of the
screen can be read without a marked inclination of the head. Usually, this
means that the center of the screen will need to be near shoulder height.
Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who wear bifocal or multi-focal
lenses will need to get a balance between where they see out of their lenses
and avoid too much neck flexion.
Desk-top layout
Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both hands
so that there is no unnecessary twisting of any part of the body. Most people
prefer the document holder to be between the keyboard and the monitor.
There are many different types of document holders available.

Document holder
Place this close to the monitor screen in the

position that causes the least twisting or incli-
nation of the head.
Posture and environment
Change posture at frequent intervals to mini-

mize fatigue. Avoid awkward postures at the
extremes of the joint range, especially the
wrists. Take frequent short rest breaks rather
than infrequent longer ones. Avoid sharp in-
creases in work rate. Changes should be
gradual enough to ensure that the workload
does not result in excessive fatigue. After pro-
longed absences from work the overall dura-
tion of periods of keyboard work should be increased gradually if conditions permit
Lighting
Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly underneath. Try to site
desks between rows of lights. If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the
desks should be parallel with the lights. Try not to put the screen near a window. If it is
unavoidable, ensure that neither the screen nor the operator faces the window. The solu-
tion is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz.
If the monitor is well away from windows, there are no other sources of bright light and
prolonged desk-work is the norm, use a low level of service light of 300 lux. If there are
strongly contrasting light levels, then a moderate level of lighting of 400 - 500 lux may be
desirable.
Glare and reflection
It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To

determine whether there is glare from overhead lights whilst
seated worker should hold an object such as a book above the
eyes at eyebrow level and establish whether the screen image
becomes clearer in the absence of overhead glare. To detect
whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker
should hold the book above the surface and assess the change
in reflected glare from the screen.
Using a mouse
A well designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on

the wrist and forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep
the wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle. Pres-
sure can be reduced by releasing the mouse at frequent inter-
vals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse. Keep the
mouse as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and
close to the body.
Posture during Keying
Good posture is essential for all users of computers. It comprises of a natural and relaxed
position, providing opportunity for movement, and from which the operator can assume a
number of alternative positions. It is not a single, rigidly defined position.

Typing technique
Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires skill, hence the need
to learn correct typing technique. Unskilled ('hunt and peck') typists are particular-
ly at risk of Occupational Overuse Injury because they:
often use only one or two fingers which may overload the finger tendons;
are constantly looking from keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain
neck muscles;
often adopt a tense posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to strike').
Speed of keying
The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it possible for a skilled op-
erator to type extremely quickly. This capability, reinforced by workload pressures
means the potential exists for operators to key at speeds which may cause or
contribute to Occupational Overuse Syndrome.
The role of the repetitive movement in injury is not fully understood, but is be-
lieved to interfere with the lubrication capacity of tendons, and the ability of mus-
cles to receive sufficient oxygen supplies. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is
considered an acceptable standard.
Length of time on the keyboard
The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and increases the
likelihood of muscular aches and pains. In addition, long periods of repetitive
movement and sustained visual attention can also give rise to fatigue-related
complaints.
It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on
keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a postural/
stretching break.

Self check 2.1
Directions: Match the 5S principle that is needed or depicted in the follow-

Operation sheet 2.1
Directions: Review the Hazard Evaluation sample exercise with the class. Explain that
there is personal judgment involved in evaluating hazards. For example, a large bulky
mouse may keep the wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle.
Answer handout 1 for an individual learning activity. Ask students to choose one job
(either computer technician or computer programmer) or activity at work or at home.
List potential A, B and C type hazards on computer ergonomics for the job or activity on
the worksheet and give reasons for the type of hazard.


Lesson 3
Control hazards
and risk
Learning outcomes
 Follow OHS procedures for controlling Hazards and Risks
 Search different methods used to control hazards and risks.
 Observe the risk and hazards identified into an innovative and creative way like poster, bro-
chure and leaflets.


A. Directions: List down at least five ways to control hazards

Information Sheet 3.1
Controlling hazards and Risk
All workplace hazards (chemical, physical, etc.) can be controlled by a variety of methods.
The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers from being exposed to occupational
hazards. Some methods of hazard control are more efficient than others, but a combina-
tion of methods usually provides a safer workplace than relying on only one method.
Some methods of control are cheaper than others but may not provide the most effective
way to reduce exposures.
The most effective method of controlling hazards is to control at the source by eliminating
the hazard or by substituting a hazardous agent or work process with a less dangerous
one.
Before thinking about what control measures are needed, first you need to know whether
there are health and safety problems in your workplace, and if so, what they are.
How can you identify health and safety problems?
Here are some of the ways you can identify health and
safety problems:
Observe your workplace;
Investigate complaints from workers;
Examine accident and near-miss records;
Examine sickness figures;
Use simple surveys to ask your co-workers about their

health and safety concerns;
Use checklists to help you inspect your workplace;
Learn the results of inspections that are done by the employer, the union, or anyone
else;
Read reports or other information about your workplace.
Once you recognize a hazard, then you can determine which measure will correct the
problem most effectively. Generally, there are five major categories of control
measures: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and
personal protective equipment. Eliminating a hazard means removing it completely;
substitution is replacing one hazardous agent or work process with a less dangerous
one.

An engineering control may mean changing a piece of machinery (for example, using
proper machine guards) or a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard; working a
limited number of hours in a hazardous area is an example of an administrative control
(for example, job rotation); and personal protective equipment (PPE) includes ear and eye
protection, respirators, and protective clothing. Chair
Remember: it is always better to control the hazard as close to the source as

possible. Using personal protection is the least acceptable and least effective of all
control measures.
Methods of Control
Elimination
Elimination of a specific hazard or hazardous work process, or preventing it from en-

tering the workplace, is the most effective method of control.
Eliminate hazards at the “development stage”
It is important to consider the worker’s health and safety when work processes are
still in the planning stage. For example, when purchasing machines, safety should be
the first concern, not cost. Machines should conform to national safety standards.
They should be designed with the correct guard on them to eliminate the danger of a
worker getting caught in the machine while using it. Machines that are not produced
with the proper guards on them may cost less to purchase, but cost more in terms of
accidents, loss of production, compensation, etc. Unfortunately, many used machines
that do not meet safety standards are exported to developing countries, causing
workers to pay the price with accidents, hearing loss from noise, etc.
Where are controls used?
Controls are usually placed:
1. At the source (where the hazard "comes

from")
2. Along the path (where the hazard

"travels")
3. At the worker
What is meant by elimination?
Elimination is the process of removing the

hazard from the workplace. It is the most effective way to control a risk because the
hazard is no longer present. It is the preferred way to control a hazard and should be
used whenever possible.

What is substitution?
Substitution occurs when a new chemical or

substance is used instead of another
chemical. It is sometimes grouped with
elimination because, in effect, you are re-
moving the first substance or hazard from
the workplace. The goal, obviously, is to
choose a new chemical that is less hazard-
ous than the original.
Education and Training
Employee education and training on how to conduct their work safely helps to
minimize the risk of exposure and is a critical element of any complete workplace
health and safety program. Training must cover not only how to do the job safely
but it must also ensure that workers understand the hazards of their job. It must
also provide them with information on how to protect themselves and co-workers.
Good Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is essential to prevent the accumulation of hazardous or tox-

ic materials (e.g., build-up of dust or contaminant on ledges, or beams), or haz-
ardous conditions (e.g., poor stockpiling).
Emergency Preparedness
Being prepared for emergencies means making sure that the necessary equip-
ment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do
when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire, or injury. These
procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to prac-
tice their emergency response skills regularly.
What should I know about personal protective equipment (PPE) as a hazard

control method?
Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes items such as respirators, protec-

tive clothing such as gloves, face shields, eye protection, and footwear that serve
to provide a barrier between the wearer and the chemical or material.
It is the final item on the list for a very good reason. Personal protective equip-
ment should never be the only method used to reduce exposure except under
very specific circumstances because PPE may "fail" (stop protecting the worker)
with little or no warning. For example: "breakthrough" can occur with gloves,
clothing, and respirator cartridges.
Why is it important to monitor and review your hazard control program and
methods?
It is important to monitor both the hazard and the control method to make sure
that the control is working effectively and that exposure to the hazard is reduced
or eliminated.

Some tools include physical inspection, testing, exposure assessment, observations, injury and illness tracking,
employee feedback/input, occupational health assessment, and
other methods.
Be sure to answer the following questions:
Have the controls solved the problem?
Is the risk posed by the original hazard contained?
Have any new hazards been created?
Are new hazards appropriately controlled?
Are monitoring processes adequate?
Have workers been adequately informed about the situation?
Have orientation and training programs been modified to deal

with the new situation?
Are any other measures required?
Has the effectiveness of hazard controls been documented in

your committee minutes? What else can be done?
A review will identify areas that may need more improvement or refinement. It is important to know if all
workplace hazards are identified, assessed, and appropriately controlled.
The workplace can be a dangerous place if various safety procedures are not properly considered.
Some precautions which can be taken to reduce the risk of accidents are:
Ensure there are no trailing wires across or around the room which people
could trip on.
Power cables should be safely secured.
Electrical sockets should not be overloaded.
Electrical equipment should be safety tested at least once a year.
There should be adequate space around desks for people to move.
Bags and obstacles should be stored out of the way so that people can't trip
over them.
Food and drink should not be placed near a machine.
Heating and ventilation should be suitable for the working environment.
Work desks should be strong enough to support computers and equipment.
Staff should follow the safety regulations.
This is the science concerned with designing safe and comfortable machines for use by people.
This includes furniture design and the design of peripherals that you need to use, such as mouse and key-
board.

Have a look at these top tips to ensure that you work safely and comfortably:
1. The right lighting can reduce eyestrain, neck strain, and headaches. Sunlight is the
best light, but make sure it doesn't create glare on your computer screen.
2. The proper desk will let you find the perfect working position. It should be deep
enough to support your arms when you work at the computer.
3. Place your computer screen at eye-level or just below. For optimal comfort, set it
about 45 cm (18 in.) from your face.
4. Sit up straight in your chair. Keep your feet flat on the floor and your knees slightly
lower than your thighs.
5. Choose an office task chair that lets you tilt forward to reach objects in front of you
and backward to stretch your arms when you're tired.
6. When you type, hold your fingers, wrists, and lower arms in a straight line from your
keyboard.
7. Keep equipment that you use a lot, like your telephone and computer keyboard, with-
in a distance of about 75 cm (30 in.) when you're sitting at your desk. Keep other stor-
age and equipment farther away. This encourages you to change working positions
during the day.
Points to remember
1. Occupational hazards can be controlled by a variety of

methods.
2. The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers

from being exposed to occupational hazards.
3. The most effective control measure is to control haz-

ards at the source by eliminating the hazard or by sub-
stituting a hazardous chemical, machine, work pro-
cess, etc., with a less dangerous one.
4. It is important to recognize hazards and health and

safety problems in the workplace.
5. There are five general categories of control measures:

elimination, substitution, engineering controls, adminis-
trative controls and personal protective equipment. A
combination of methods usually provides a safer and
healthier workplace than relying on only one method.
6. Personal protective equipment should be the last

choice in control measures.

Remember the 3 steps to controlling a hazard.
See it. - Identify the hazards. What is unsafe?
Think It. - Evaluate the hazard. What could happen?
Do It. - Provide solutions to control or eliminate the hazard.

Self check 3.1
DIRECTIONS: Search for the ten (10) different methods used to control
hazards and risks. Encircle the word/ words vertically, horizontally, back-
ward, upward or downward.

Operation sheet 3.1
Directions : work in small groups (2-4 persons) and think about specific, possible computer labor-
atory or classroom hazards that could fall into the categories listed in handout below.
Speculate about the kind of injuries that could result from each hazard and write these on the
right side of the flipchart.
Control the risk and hazards identified into an innovative and creative way like poster, brochure,
and leaflets or through a Facebook Fun Page.
Handout 3.1 COMPUTER LABORATORY/CLASSROOM HAZARDS

CONDITION

How do you Extend Your Learning?
Directions: Complete the Table below by analyzing the task given.
Your Task:
Think about what your first (next) job might be in the future. In your mind make a pic-
ture of how your workplace looks like. Think about how you could answer the following
questions.
MY TRIAL RUN FOR MY FUTURE: See it! Think it! Do it!
See it! Think It! Do It!
Questions Situations
1. Describe one unsafe situation

you might find at work.
2. Why is this a hazardous situa-
tion?
3. What injury or health problem
could result?
4. How can you prevent an acci-
dent from happening?

Lesson 4
Preparing hand
tools
Learning outcomes
 Identify appropriate hand tools according to the task requirements
 Check proper operation and safety
 Identify unsafe or faulty tools
 Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintaining and cleaning a personal computer

Let us determine how much you already know about task prepa-
ration and hand tools. Take this test.
A. Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
_______ 1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper
use of the tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the manufac-
turer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
_______ 2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable
parts, as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included.
_______ 3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the purpose
for which it was designed and also for other purposes where it can be used as
substitute where tool is not available.
_______ 4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular mainte-
nance.
_______ 5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done.
_______ 6. Preparing for a task includes also the sequence of tasks to be

done.
B. . Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?
a. Anti-static mat c. Philips head screwdriver
b. Hex driver d. Wire cutter
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?

3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same way
that a screwdriver tightens screws?
4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?

5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit?
a. Part Retriever c. Cable ties
b. Lint-free Cloth d. Flat head screwdriver

6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without
scratching or leaving debris?
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a comput-
er?
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?

9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like de-
pression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop?
b. Torx screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer
parts without touching the components?
a. Anti-static mat c. Compressed air

Information Sheet 4.1
Proper tool selection
A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a tradition-
al metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and
controls a particular function.
Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.
1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the
scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the
sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools,
field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and in-
structions for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recom-
mended by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts
must also be selected and used according to their manufacturer’s instructions.
Safe Use of tools
Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools
come with detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s
and Don’ts‖ for the your safety. If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must
always be based on what is the safest way to use the tool.
Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:
 All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
 The right tool be used for the job
 Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be
used
 Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
 The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

HARDWARE TOOLS
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of
the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available
for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
Hand tools
Cleaning tools
Diagnostic tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools Static electricity is easily generated by

friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of
moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of
static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded
antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic
means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity. Examples of
ESD Tools:

Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical

system using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used em-
ploying force, or electrically powered, using electrical current. Exam-
ples of Hand Tools:

Cleaning Tools Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when
maintaining or repairing computers. Using these tools ensures that
computer components are not damaged during cleaning. Examples:

Diagnostic Tools Computers are easier to use and more dependable with
each new generation of hardware and operating system update, but that
doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools for diag-
nosing your computer problems:

Self check 4.1
A. Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is

wrong.
_______ 1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the
proper use of the tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the
manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
_______ 2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and con-
sumable parts, as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included.
_______ 3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the pur-
pose for which it was designed and also for other purposes where it can be
used as substitute where tool is not available.
_______ 4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular mainte-
nance.
_______ 5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done.
_______ 6. Preparing for a task includes also the sequence of tasks to be
done.

B. Direction: Identify the tools on the boxes.

Operation sheet 4.1
Direction: Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintaining and

cleaning a personal computer. Some items are already given for you.
Continue the Table.
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO SCHEDULE Tools to use

CLEAN
Computer case and out- Daily (sample)
side monitor Daily
Keyboard

Use appropriate Lesson 5
hand tools and test
equipment
Learning outcomes
 Observe safety procedures in using tools
 Identify malfunctioned, unplanned or unusual tools
 Use appropriate tools to perform tasks

Let us determine how much you already know about task prepa-
ration and hand tools. Take this test.
Direction. Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on a separate

sheet of paper.
1. The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to ________ the

electrical charge between you and the equipment.
2. Turn the screwdriver _________ to tighten the screw
3. Turn the screwdriver ________________ to loosen the screw.
4. Use a ________ head screwdriver with crosshead screws.
5. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will

act like an _________ and trap the heat.
6. When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer,
the air should be blown around the components with a mini-
mum distance of ______ inches from the nozzle.
7. Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the
setting of switches or to pry off jumpers because the tip con-
tains _____ which can act as a conductor and may damage
the computer components.
8. To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean,

lint-free cloth with _______ water and wipe the screen from
top to bottom.
9. Clean the contacts on components with _________ alcohol.
10. Use a __________ to loosen and tighten bolts that have a

hexagonal (six-sided) head.

Information Sheet
PROPER USE OF TOOLS
Proper Use of ESD Tools
The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge be-
tween you and the equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that con-
nects your body to the equipment that you are working on. When static electricity
builds up in your body, the connection made by the wrist strap to the equipment,
or ground, channels the electricity through the wire that connects the strap.
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro. The
metal on the back of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at
all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the
other end either to the equipment or to the same grounding point that the anti-
static mat is connected to. The metal skeleton of the case is a good place to
connect the wire. When connecting the wire to equipment that you are work-
ing on, choose an unpainted metal surface. A painted surface does not con-
duct the electricity as well as unpainted metal.
An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away

from a component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can
place parts as you remove them from the system.
Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the likelihood of damage to delicate cir-
cuits or components.
Proper Use of Hand Tools
A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic
covers many of the various hand tools used when repairing computers.

Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the
head of the screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counterclock-
wise to loosen the screw.
Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A stripped
screw, may get stuck in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard stripped
screws.
Flat head screwdriver Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a
slotted screw. Do not use a flat head screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never
use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you cannot remove a component, check to see if there
is a clip or latch that is securing the component in place.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is

probably wrong. Take a second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a
locking clip that is holding the component in place. Refer to the device manual or diagram
for additional information.
Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriv-
er to puncture anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.
Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex
bolts should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do
not use a hex driver that is too large for the bolt that you are using.
CAUTION: Some tools are magnetized. When working around electronic devices, be sure
that the tools you are using have not been magnetized. Magnetic fields can be harmful to
data stored on magnetic media. Test your tool by touching the tool with a screw. If the
screw is attracted to the tool, do not use the tool.
Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers

The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be used to place and retrieve
parts that may be hard to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any components
when using these tools.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of
switches or to pry off jumpers. The pencil lead can act as a conductor and may damage
the computer components.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials
Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program. Dirt can
cause problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical com-
ponents. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an insulator
and trap the heat. This insulation will impair the ability of heat sinks and cooling fans to
keep components cool, causing chips and circuits to overheat and fail.
CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be
blown around the components with a minimum distance of four inches from the nozzle.
The power supply and the fan should be cleaned from the back of the case.

CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the
power source.
Computer Cases and Monitors

Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution
on a damp, lint-free cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of
water to create the cleaning solution. If any water drips inside the case, allow
enough time for the liquid to dry before powering on the computer.
LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen,
unless the cleaner is specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will
damage the coating on the screen. There is no glass protecting these screens, so
be gentle when cleaning them and do not press firmly on the screen.
CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with
distilled water and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry cloth
to wipe the screen and remove any streaking after you have cleaned the monitor.
Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed air does not
cause electrostatic build-up on components. Make sure that you are in a well-
ventilated area before blowing the dust out of the computer. A best practice is to
wear a dust mask to make sure that you do not breathe in the dust particles.
Blow out the dust using short bursts from the can. Never tip the can or use the
compressed air can upside down. Do not allow the fan blades to spin from the
force of the compressed air. Hold the fan in place. Fan motors can be ruined from
spinning when the motor is not turned on.
Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing al-
cohol. Rubbing alcohol contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure
that the contacts do not collect any lint from the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint
off the contacts with compressed air before reinstallation.
Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum
cleaner with a brush attachment.
CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The
plastic parts of the vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to
the components. Use only a vacuum approved for electronic components.
Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray
glass cleaner directly on the mouse. If cleaning a ball mouse, you can remove the
ball and clean it with glass cleaner and a soft cloth. Wipe the rollers clean inside
the mouse with the same cloth. Do not spray any liquids inside the mouse

Self check 5.1
A. Direction. Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the following:
_________________1. Equalize the electrical charge between you and the equip-
ment.
_________________2. Tighten / loosen screw
_________________3. Tighten / looses bold with a hexagonal head
_________________4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers
_________________5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw.
B. Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below.
COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:
KEYBOARD
Mouse
LCD Screen
CRT Screen
Heat Sink
RAM

Operation sheet 5.1
Direction: Use the appropriate tools to do each of the following tasks.
1. Loosen computer casing screws
2. Blow away dust from keyboard
3. Tighten screws of a laptop
4. Bundle cables inside the computer
5. Test functionality of the printer port
6. Remove insulation of wires
7. Loosen nuts
8. Prevent from ESD effects

How Well Did You Perform?

REFERENCES
Bahr, N. J., ―System Safety Engineering and Risk Assessment: A

Practical Approach‖, Taylor and Francis, 1997
http://www.austlii.edu.au
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/4-pub207_60737_7.pdf
http://www.empf.org/empfasis/aug04/prop.htm
http://www.lakeland.cc.il.us/
http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v48/v48-76.pdf
http://www.leankaizen.co.uk/5s-your-computer.htm

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MODULE 3

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 1

 Identify the Ribbon

 Recognize the differ-

 Show how to enter,

What do you need to know?

Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/f9EQhtb4pG1hgXSv7

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 3

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 4

3. Window Control Minimizes, maximizes, restores and closes the window.

(A) Tabs—provide access to many tools and contain related

(B) Groups—organize related commands. Group name appears

(C) Commands—appear within each group.

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 5

How to start the Excel Spreadsheet program

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 6

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 7

Working with Mini Toolbar and Context Menus

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 8

1. On the File Tab, click New,

2. On the quick Access toolbar, click New button

To customize Quick Access Toolbar, Click Here: https://bit.ly/3ajnStJ

Cells, Columns, and Rows

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 9

Entering and Changing Data in a Cell

There are many ways to change the data.

Moving around the worksheet

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 10

Saving the Worksheet

5. Or on the Quick Access Toolbar, Click the Save button

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 11

A. Identify the eight Groups in the Insert Tab.

B. Identify the five Groups in the Page Layout Tab.

C. Identify the six Groups in the Data Tab.

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 12

A. Quick Access Toolbar B. Title Bar C. Worksheet

D. Workbook E. File Menu F. Ribbon G. Active

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 13

_____4. Decrease Font Size C.

_____9. Fill Color E.

_____10. Font Color

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 14

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 15

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 16

 Identify the Ribbon

 Recognize the differ-

 Show how to enter,

1. Identify the four Groups in the Formulas Tab.

2. Identify the five Groups in the View Tab.

A. Deleting data and clearing Cell Contents

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 17

B. Resizing the Column or Row

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 18

C. Inserting a Row or Column into a Worksheet

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 19

Right click to the

D.2 Deleting Worksheets

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 20

D.4 Coloring the Worksheet Tab

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 21

Right click to show

Computer Science I—3rd Grading 22

Click & drag the Fill +

F.2 Copying Data and Formulas with Autofill