CE – 413

INTRODUCTION TO
DESIGN OF STEEL
STRUCUTRES

MODULE 1

Lecturer:

Mark Christian D. Esguerra, MSCE-SE Candidate

What is Steel ?

Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, primarily

carbon, widely used in construction and other applications
because of its high tensile strength.

Different Types of Steel

The American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI) categorized steel into four based on the chemical
compositions:

1. Carbon Steel - includes Low Carbon Steel (0.04-0.30%), Medium Carbon Steel (0.31 - 0.60%), High
Carbon Steel (0.61% and 1.50%)

2. Alloy steel - steel with small amount of one or more alloying elements other than carbon such as
such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum

3. Stainless Steel - a form of steel containing chromium, resistant to tarnishing and rust.

4. Tool steel - is a term used for a variety of high-hardness, abrasion resistant steels.
Section and Specifications

Types of Steel Sections

Hot Rolled Sections Cold Formed Sections Built-Up Sections

Section and Specifications

Material properties such as chemical

content, yield strength and ultimate
strength are summarized in American
Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
specifications.
Application of Steel to Structures

Steel structure is a metal structure which is made

of structural steel* components connect with each other
to carry loads and provide full rigidity. Because of the
high strength grade of steel, this structure is reliable and
requires less raw materials than other types of structure
like concrete structure and timber structure.
Application of Steel to Structures

Towers Bridges
Application of Steel to Structures

Warehouse Bridges
Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Steel

 Higher Strength-to-Weight Ratio so it

can provide large spans

 Fast erection and ability to construct

in all seasons

 Easier to modify and reinforce if

changes are made
Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvantages of steel
 Requires Fire Protection - since steel has
very small resistance against fire as
compared to concrete. Almost from 600-
700C half of steel strength reduced.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvantages of steel
 Requires skilled workers and equipment to
ensure proper construction safety in the
assembly of all structural components
Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvantages of steel
 Extensive field-welding and bolted connection is the most
expensive in a steel construction
Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvantages of steel
 High Maintenance costs in corrosion protection such as spray,
board protection, or concrete protection
Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvantages of steel
 Susceptible to Buckling and Fatigue - Member in compression is critical
to buckling. Also, cyclic loadings will cause fatigue stress that could
lead to a brittle failure
Types of Steel Connection

Welded Connections
is a process by which the parts to be connected are
heated and fused with supplementary molten metal at the
joint. Upon cooling, the structural steel and weld metal will
act as one continuous part where they are joined.

Bolted Connections
A connection between structural members made with
plates and a metal pin with a head formed at one end and
shank threaded at the other in order to receive a nut.

Riveted Connections
A method of connecting together pieces of metal by
inserting ductile metal pins called rivet into the holes of
pieces to be joined and formed a head at the end of the
rivet to prevent each metal piece from coming out.
Types of Steel Connection

Welded Connections
Types of Steel Connection

Most Common Welding Process

Flux Core-Arc Welding (FCAW) Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW)
Types of Steel Connection

Most Common Welding Process

Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW) Shielded Metal-Arc Welding (SMAW)
Types of Steel Connection

Bolted Connections
Types of Steel Connection

Riveted Connections