INTRODUCTION TO

STRUCTURAL STEEL

Instructor : ZEKARIAS N. (MSc)

STEEL
 Steel is a material that is made of Iron (Fe) with
additives of carbon.
 The amount of carbon within steel determines its
strength, too much carbon will make it very hard
and brittle and too low carbon will make steel
malleable.
 There are other additives that will create an alloy
with steel to make it strong, like chromium,
manganese, Tungsten and so on.
STEEL
 Steel has a diverse application in the construction
industry.
 Structural steel can be used to constitute the
complete framing system in buildings.
STEEL
 Special purpose buildings such as airport
terminals, rail way stations, exhibition halls,
conference halls and airplane hangars(garage) are
constructed from structural steel.
STEEL
 Another area where steel find its use is in bridge
construction. There are various kinds of bridges
where structural steel can be used effectively and
efficiently.

Arch Bridges
STEEL
 In cable stayed and suspension bridges, steel
plays a predominant role at least as the cabling
system.

Cable stayed Bridges

STEEL

Suspension Bridges

Combined Arch&Cable
stayed Bridges
STEEL
 Steel is used in towers, used for supporting
microwave for communication, radio transmission,
light stands in stadiums and power transmission
lines.
STEEL
 Roof trusses of shed facilities like for car parks,
gasoil stations, stadiums and sporting arenas are
usually made of structural steels.
STEEL
 Bracing systems are usually made of structural
steel and they provide lateral stability for a building
by resisting winds and earthquakes.
STEEL
 Steel is also used in composite construction with
concrete. This practice improves fire-resistance
and corrosion resistance of steel.
Steel Beams and Columns
 Steel beams and columns and their connection is
presented below.
Steel Beams and Columns

 Cross- sections
Advantages of Steel Structure

 Light weight with the ability to resist high loads

 Non porous due to its high density
 Use of prefabricated material
 Durable (very long service life)
 Possibility to be disassembled
 Environmental friendly (it can be recycled)
 Shorter erection period
 Usage on wide span frame
 Its construction cost is economical than that of
concrete
Disadvantages of Steel

 Steel is susceptible to corrosion so it should be

painted or other method should be adapted for its
protection.
 Steel has low fire resistance making it to lose most
of its strength.
Design Procedure

 Functional Planning: developing a plan that will

enable the structure to fulfill its purpose
 Structural Planning: depending on the functional
plan the structural layout will be decided at this stage
 Structural Analysis: the engineer must analyze the
structure to determine the internal forces within each
member
 Structural Design: here the engineer proportions
the size of the members of the structural system
 Detailing and Quantity estimation: the members
selected above will be drafted on working drawings
and cost will be determined
Stress – strain behavior of structural steel

 A schematic diagram of an engineering stress-strain

curve of steel can be obtained from a simple tension
test.
Design provision of Steel (EBCS-3)
 Partial safety factors
 Safety factors are used in all designs to allow for variability of load,
material, workmanship
 Partial safety factor of steels, 𝛄m=1.1
 Partial safety factor for loads
○ Dead load  1.3
○ Live load  1.6

Material properties for hot rolled steel

Design provision of Steel (EBCS-3)
THANK YOU!