HANGGANG NGAYUN AY MAY NAGSASABI NA HINDI PARIN NILA NAPAPAKINGGAN ANG UPLOADED VIDEO KO PO DAHIL

MABAGAL INTERNET, KAYA ETO TYPE KO NA LANG KAHIT MEDYO MAHIRAP PO.

Una po , A Healthcare provider must know the definition of “Health” according to WHO.

HEALTH
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” (WHO)

First read po with comprehension (naiintindihan), kung may word na first time mo palang po na encounter, kailangan malaman mo po
muna before tying to memorize po. Hightech na ang gamitin ang net or kung may dictionary ka bahay mas mainam po.

Mag isip o pasalita na isipin na

“Ang kalusugan ayon sa WHO pala ay isang estado ng kumpletong pisikal, mental, at panlipunang kagalingan -
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being … na ang kalusugan pala ay hindi lang nakatuon sa pisikal o
katawan kundi kasama ang pag-iisip at pakikipagkapwa. Sa ibang salita ay estado na pinagsama ang tatlong ito.

Health...and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ... ibig sabihin kahit na may sakit ka sa pisikal o may kulang sa iyong
katawan kung ang physical, mental, and social well-being ng isang tao ay nagkakaisa para mabuhay.

Halimbawa.
1. Ayon sa WHO , masasabing nasa normal na kalusugan parin ang isang tao kahit na siya ay pipi, kung nagagawa parin niyang
makipag kominaskasyon (sign language), mag hanapbuhay at maging productive member ng society.
2. Ang taong may  Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
-Unhealthy siya kung kailangan nga lagi ng tulong ng mag inject ng insulin sa kanya, o kaya naman hindi na makapagtrabaho at
kailangang umasa sa tao sa paligid niya para mabuhay.
-Maituturing na Healthy pa rin siya kapag nagagawa niyang pangalagaan ang sarili niya, ang tamang diet, kaya niya ang monitor at
mag inject insulin, nakakapaghanapbuhay pa siya, nakakatulong pa siya sa pamilya. Ito ay healthy sa ayon sa WHO kahit na may sakit
siya.

Sa akin kaya hanggang ngayun ay tanda ko parin ang definition ay ganito nakalagay sa brain ko po

diba naintindihan na ng brain natin na may tatlong dimension ang 1 physical, 2 mental, and 3 social well-being, tapos dugtong ko
lang yung “and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

Health- state of … (P,M,S) and not merely absence…

ANO ANG LAYUNIN O MAPAPALA KO SA MGA MODELS OF HEALTH NA ITO?

MONG BASAHIN NG MGA 2 O 3 ULIT NG MAY COMPREHENSION :),
NAKU KUNG TINATAMAD KANG MAGBASA EH,
AKO NA NAGSASABI NA HINDI KAMAKAKATAPOS NG KOLEHIYO.
KAYA DAPAT NABASA NA ITO PO HA!

Models of Health
 A. Clinical Model (Dunn, 1961) In this model, health is interpreted as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury; thus, the
opposite of health is disease. Dunn defined, in this model, “health as a relatively passive state of freedom from illness, and a condition
of relative homeostasis.” Illness is therefore, something that happens to a person. Many health care providers focus on the belief of
signs and symptoms of disease and conclude that when these are no longer present, the person is healthy. This model may not take
into consideration person’s health beliefs or person life- styles.

Clinical Model:

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Sa salitang CLINICAL po may ideya kana po dapat… focus nito ay clinical manifestation o kaya nga HEALTH is interpreted as the
absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury.

Kung itong model ang gamit mo bilang nurse, doctor o healthcare provider, kung may may nagpunta sa health center na bata at ay
may paso o kaya naman may sugat, ang focus ng model na ito ay magamot ang paso o sugat. Kapag nagamot na ang sugat o paso,
tapos na ang gawain ng healthcare provider. Focus nito o layunin nito ay linisin, lagyan ng gamot at alagaan hanggang maghilom ang
sugat ay tapos na.

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B. Host –Agent – Environment Model (Leavell, 1965) This model helps to identify the cause of an illness. In this model:
 Host: Refers to the person (or group) who may be at risk for or susceptible to an illness.
 Agent: is any factor (internal or external) that can lead to illness by its presence.
 Environment: refers to those factors (physical, social, economic, emotional, spiritual) that may create the likelihood or the
predisposition for the person to develop disease. 

Host –Agent – Environment Model (Leavell, 1965) 

Kita naman kung ang nais mo ay mapalawak ang kaalaman patungkol sa cause of an illness.

Sa model na ito ang tatlong elemento, host, agent, Environment ay naaapektuhan ang bawat isa.

Host = tao
Agent = pathogens (harmful microorganism)
Environment ng tao at ng bacteria

Kapag malakas ang resistensiya ng isang tao mahihirapan makakapasok ang pathogens, pero kapag humina…o kaya naman
breakage in the skin possible portal of entry. Kapag malinis lagi ang bahay kaunti ang pathogen, less ang likelihood ng sakit, pero kung
napakadumi ng bahay ay malaki ang possibility ng pagkakasakit.
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C. Health – illness continuum (Travis and Ryan 1988) is a visual comparison of high – level wellness and traditional medicine’s view of
wellness. At the neutral point, there are no signs or symptoms of disease. A person moving toward the left experiences a worsening
state of health. Someone with wellness – oriented goals want to more beyond the neutral point (more absence of disease) to the right
(toward high – level wellness). This person evaluates the current conduct of his/her life, learns about the available options, and grows
toward self – actualization by tying out of these options in the search of high-level wellness.

E. High – Level Wellness Model (Dunn, 1961) According to Dunn (1961), health recognized as an ongoing process toward the person’s
highest potential functioning. This process involves the person, family, and Community. Dunn described high level wellness as the
experience of the person alive with the glow of good health, alive to the tips of their fingers with energy to burn, tingling with vitality – at
times like this the world is a glorious place. 

Ang mga Model na ito ay halos magkatulad

ganito mag-isip ang isang nurse/ healthcare provider sa mga model na ito
Sa model na ito bukod sa salitang health o healthy ay may mas mataas na antas pa. Hindi humihinto sa normal state kundi sa optimum
level o high level wellness.

Halimbawa sa isang community ay may 20 nanay ang obese (sobra ang timbang). Health problem ay obesity.
Sa tulungan ng Nutritionist, Doctor at Nurse, may gamot, diet at Zumba pa. After 6 months ang lahat ay naging normal na ang timbang,
Papasok palang ang high level wellness kung ang awareness nila sa kailangan ma maintain nila ang normal weight, maging regular na
ang exercise, continuous ang good diet, dapat continous ang improvement nila, hanggang sa dumating na kaya ng magturo sa iba ng
paraan para maging normal ang timbang, healthy, umabot na sa pagbuo ng association sa planting gulay, zumba groups etc na
nagpapataas pa lalo sa wellness nila.

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D. Health Belief Model (HBM) (Rosenstock, 1974, as Modified by Stone 1991). There is a relationship between a person’s belief and
actions. Factors that influence persons belief’s:
 Personal expectation in relation to health and illness
 Earlier experience with illness or health
 Age and development state.

Sa model na ito, dito pumapasok ang “Acceptability”. Kahit gaano kahusay o mabisa ang isang gamot o solusyun sa isang health
problem kung ito ay kontra or against sa kultura ng client ay masasayang lang.

Halimbawa Kwashiorkor (malnutrition-lack of protein in the diet) ang health problem ng isang bata sa community
Ang health teaching mo ay kailangan po dagdagan o kumain ng pork si bata.
Kung pamilya ng Muslim yung bata (tandaan hindi kumakain ng pork ang Muslim) magiging effective kaya…

May sitwasyun na naman kapag may hika kumain ng butiki o kaya may sore eyes at ipahind ang ihi o yung iba ay nagpapatawas. Sa
sitwasyung ito ay kailangan munang ng mahusay mong maipaliwanag sa maayos na paraan na mali ang paniniwala at pagkatapos ay maituro
ang tamang paraan na umabot sa punto na ito ay maging bahagi na ng good health belief nila.

O kaya naman dahil sa nasagap na balita tungkol sa isang bakuna ay ayaw ng ipabakuna ang anak

Health beliefs are person’s ideas, convictions and attitudes about health and illness. They may be based on factual information,
misinformation, commonsense or myths, or reality or false expectations. Health beliefs usually influence health behavior this influence
can be positive or negative. 

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F. Holistic Health Model Holism is seen as a “new” model of health, but actually it is not new at all. Holism has been a major theme in
the humanities, western political tradition and major religions throughout history. Holism is a different approach to health is that
acknowledges and respects the interaction of a person’s mind, body and spirit within the environment. Holism is derived from the Greek
holos (whole), was first used by South African philosopher Jan Christian Smuts (1926) in Holism and Evolution. Smuts viewed holism
as antidote to the atomistic approach of contemporary science. An atomistic approach takes things apart, examining the person piece
by piece in an attempt to understand the larger picture by examining the smaller molecule or atom. Holism is based on the belief that
people (or even their parts) cannot be fully understood if examined solely in pieces apart from their environment. People are seen as
every changing systems of energy.

An atomistic approach (Clinical model) takes things apart, examining the person piece by piece in an attempt to understand the larger
picture by examining the smaller molecule or atom.

Sa atomistic approach (Clinical model), we study po physiology and pathophysiology of cells, tissues, organs, body systems
Kaya atomistic (bahagi), alam natin na ang group of cells = tissue, group of tissues = organ, group of organs = system , them systems
into a body.

Holism is based on the belief that people (or even their parts) cannot be fully understood if examined solely in pieces apart from their
environment.
Sa Holistic approach or Holism ay mula cell hanggang society
cells →tissues → organs → systems → individual → family → community → Society

Kung itong model ang gamit mo bilang nurse, doctor o healthcare provider.
kung may may nagpunta sa health center na bata at ay may paso o kaya naman may sugat, ang focus ng model na ito ay magamot
ang paso o sugat. Kapag nagamot na ang sugat o paso, tapos na ang gawain ng healthcare provider. Focus nito o layunin nito ay
linisin, lagyan ng gamot at alagaan hanggang maghilom ang sugat.
Pagkatapos ng 2 weeks bumalik na naman yung bata may sugat naman may pattern pa yung sugat, Ang healthcare provider mag-iisip
na baka biktima ito ng child abuse, kaya magtatanong sa magulang etc… kung ito ay biktima halimbawa ng ate na nag aalaga,

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hinihiwa niya ng blade yung bata dahil drug addict yung ateng nagbabantay sa bata. Kung hindi masosolusyunan yung sitwasyun paulit
ulit lang na masasaktan yung bata at paulit ulit lang ding gagamutin.

Halimbawa may single mother na nagdala ng bata na may severe malnutrition, kung hindi ka mag-iimbestiga kung may kakayahan
bang pakainin ng ina yung bata ay hindi ka makakisip pa ng ibang solusyun tulad ng humanap sa community na makakatulong o
referral sa organization sa society na tutulong sa ina para magkaroon ng hanapbuhay na kayang buhayin ang anak niya

Ang lahat ng model na ito ay makakatulong sa atin kung papaanong approach ang gagamitin natin para mapaganda ang kalusugan ng
ating kliyente.