Practical Manual

B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

Practical Crop Production–I (Kharif crops)

Course Code: BAGC 0136

Course Credits: 2(0+2) Semester: 5th

(GROUP – 7)

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

GLA UNIVERSITY 17km Stone, NH-2,

Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura,

Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406

www.gla.ac.in

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

GLA UNIVERSITY ,

Mathura
 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. RAHUL KUMAR

Univ. R. No. 197011065 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree

programme, Course No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. NEWTON KUMAR

Univ. R. No. 197011054 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree

programme, Course No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. RAHUL KUMAR

Univ. R. No. 197011064 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree

programme, Course No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. NIKHIL CHOUDHARY

Univ. R. No. 197011056 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program,

Course No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. SAURAV KUMAR

Univ. R. No. 197011082 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program,

Course No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. RAJAN G.C.

Univ. R. No. 197011066 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program, Course

No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. PRINCE RAJ

Univ. R. No. 197011062 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program, Course

No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. RAKESH TIWARI

Univ. R. No. 197011067 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program, Course

No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. NARENDRA SINGH

Univ. R. No. 197011051 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program, Course

No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Certificate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by

Mr./ Ms. NIKHIL AGRAWAL

Univ. R. No. 197011055 in B. Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture degree program, Course

No. BAGC 0136 entitled “Practical Crop Production-I (kharif

crop)” during 5th semester of the academic year 2021-22.

Date: Faculty In-charge

 Evaluation System
Practical Crop Production – I (Kharif crops)
Course Code: BAGC 0136

Sl. No. Marks distribution* Total marks Marks obtained

1 Field Performance 50

2 Attendance 20

3 Record 10

4 PPT Presentation 10

5 Teachers Assessment 10

Total (100 marks)

 List of Exercises

Exe. Date Date of Title Page Signature Remark

No. of Submission No.
Exe.

1 Field preparation and sowing

2 Nutrient management
3 Water management
4 Weed management
5 Management of insect-pests of
Crops
6 Harvesting

7 Marketing of produce
8 Cost of Cultivation, Net Returns Per
Student as well as Per Team of a
Group of Students
 Exercise No. 1
FIELD PREPARATION & SOWING

Aim

Preparation of field and sowing.

Material required
Tractor, ladder/plank, Spade, hand hoe, rake, measuring tape, rope, pegs, seed,
water etc.

Measurement
The length and width of bed may be decided on the basis of row spacing.

Procedure
I. Demarcate the area from all four sides keeping corners at 900 angles.
II. Deep ploughing.
III. 3-4 harrowing
IV. Pre-sowing irrigation

SOWING

 Sown on 30th july 2021

 Row to row distance 45cm
 Plant to plant distance 15cm
 Seed rate- 6Kg/ha

For 500sq. m field required seed rate- 300gm

Variety- Rudra Swarup (KCHH2108 BGII)

Germination (%)- 75
Purity (%)- 90
 Exercise No. 2
Nutrient Management

Aim

To know the method of application varies according to the spacing of crop, type of fertilizer
time of application.

Materials required

Fertilizers, manure, weighing balance, note book and pen.

Method of application of solid fertilizer

materials.

Broadcasting: Evenly spreading of dry solid fertilizers over the entire field
before or after sowing of the crop is termed as broadcasting. This method proves
effective when the crops have a dense stand, when the plant roots absorb nutrient
from whole volume of soil, when soil is rich in fertility, when large amount of
material is to be used.

Rate of nutrients (kg/ha)

Amount of fertilizers (kg/ha) = ----------------------------------------------× 100
Nutrient content in fertilizers (%)

Fertilizer-

Area- 500sq. m

Urea applied- 6.5kg for 3kg N

Conclusion

• We learnt how to calculate fertilizer required for 500m2 area.

• We learnt how to calculate nutrients required for 500m2 area.
 Exercise No. 3 Water Management

Aim

To study the method of irrigation to be used for different crop.

Here we don’t irrigate the field just because of rainfall. When the crop needed irrigation, the
rainfall irrigate the cotton field.
 Exercise No. 4
Weed Management

Aim
To identify the weeds and their proper management

Materials Required
Quadrant, notebook and pen or pencil

Table : Identification of weeds (Each 5 weeds)

Crops Common name Scientific name Management

Cotton Indian mallow, Abutilon indicum

Swollen Chloris barbata

fingergrass
5 manual weeding practices done
Dhoob grass Cynadon dactylon

Jungle rice Echinochlo

colonun

Tridex
Coat button procunbens
 Exercise no - 5
Management of Insect Pests of Crops

Aim

To study about insect pests and diseases and their management in field crops

Materials Required
Pesticide, notebook and pen or pencil

A) Pest management
Table: Main field
S.no Crop Insect pest observed Chemical
Management

1. Cotton Red cotton bug Spraying neem oil 3ml/l,

Total amount of neem oil
spray 30ml in 10l water
for red cotton bug

2. Cotton Mealy bug Spraying neem oil 3ml/l,

Total amount of neem oil
spray 30ml in 10l water for
red cotton bug

Conclusion

• Follow this manners for controlling insect-pests,

 Exercise No. 6
Harvesting

Aim
To know the harvesting of cotton and yield of crops
To get ready for next crop.
Materials Required
bag, note book, pen, pencil and weight balance.

Procedure

 Harvesting done by hand picking method

 Total harvested cotton up to 9/12/2021 is 40Kg
 17/11/2021- 10 kg
 23/11/2021- 08 Kg
 01/12/2021- 12 Kg
 09/12/2021- 10 Kg

Observations
Table : Record the following observations in the given below:

S.no. Name of the crop Area in sq.m Yield (kg)

1 Cotton 1000 40

Biological yield
Harvest index (%) =
× 100
Economics yield

Conclusion

• We learnt how to calculate harvest index for 1000m2

Signature of Faculty In-charge

 Exercise No. 8 Marketing of produce

Aim

To know the marketing of produce of different crop

Farmers producing agricultural produce are scattered in remote villages while
consumers are in semi-urban and urban areas. This produce has to reach
consumers for its final use and consumption. There are different agencies and
functionaries through which this produce passes and reaches the consumer thus
marketing channel can be defined as the intermediaries through which
agricultural produce is moved from producer level to consumer level.

Factors affecting channels: There are several channels of distribution depending

upon type of produce or commodity. Each commodity group has slightly different
channel. The factors are :

1. Perishable nature of produce .e.g. fruits, vegetables, flowers, milk,

meat, etc.
2. Bulk and weight–cotton, fodders are bulky but light in weight.
3. Storage facilities.
4. Weak or strong marketing agency.
5. Distance between producer and consumer. Whether local market or
distant market.
6. Standardization and grading problems.

Types of Market Channels: Some of the typical marketing channels for different
product groups are given below:

A. Channels of cotton:
1. Producer– village merchant- whole saler or ginning factory-
wholesaler in lint >textile mill (consumer)

These channels have great influence on marketing costs such as transport,

commission charges, etc. and market margins received by the intermediaries such
as trader, commission agent, wholesaler and retailer. Finally this decides the price
to be paid by the consumer and share of it received by the farmer producer. That
channel is considered as good or efficient which makes the produce available to
the consumer at the cheapest price also ensures the highest share to the producer.
Observation

Table : Observation of marketing of produce

Crop Current Year Minimum

support price
(Rs/q) (MSP) per
quintal

Cotton 6025 5515

Conclusion

 We learnt marketing of produce in nearest market agency

Signature of Faculty In-charge

 Exercise No. 9
Cost of Cultivation, Net Returns Per Student as well as Per Team of a Group of
Students

Aim
To study the economics is an important component of all agricultural Exercise.
Materials Required
Notebook and pen or pencil

Procedure

Cost of Cultivation (Rs ha-1)

The prices of the inputs that were prevailing at the time of their utilized
for determining the cost of cultivation which was given in rupees per hectare.

Gross return (Rs ha-1)

The model prices of crops prevailing in the market immediately after its
harvest were used for the calculation of gross returns.

Gross return= Yield (q/ha) × Market price (Rs/q)

Net returns (Rs ha-1)

The net return per hectare was worked out by deducting the cost of
cultivation from the gross return and expressed in rupees per hectare.

Net return= Gross return- Cost of cultivation

Benefit cost ratio

In order to find out the economics of rice cultivation, the cost of cultivation and
the gross return of all the treatments were worked out separately, from which the
net return was obtained.
Dividing this net return by cost of cultivation, we obtained the benefit cost ratio.

Net return
Benefit cost ratio = -----------------------------
Cost of cultivation

Return per rupee invested

Gross return
Return per rupee invested =-------------------------------
Cost of cultivation

Serial Particulars Expenditure

no. (Rs)
1 Cost of cotton seed 200
2 Cost of fertilizer 66
3 Neem oil 200
4 Labour cost (3 man days) 900
5 Total cost 1366
6 Total income(sale) 3200

NET RETURN= ₹ 6400 - ₹ 1366 = ₹ 5034

Benefit Cost Ratio= net return/cost of cultivation= 3.68
WORKING HOURS.

S. no. Name Sowing Fertilizer Weed Harvesting Marketing Extra Total

mng. hours working
hours

1 Rahul 00 5 38 20 7 12 82
kumar
2 Newton 00 4 38 18 7 11 78
kumar
3 Rahul 00 00 15 00 00 5 20
kumar(64)
4 Rakesh 00 5 37 20 7 12 81
Tiwari
5 Saurav 00 6 35 22 9 10 82
kumar
6 Nikhil 00 4 33 24 7 12 80
choudhary
7 Nikhil 12 4 37 21 6 7 87
Agrawal
8 Prince raj 00 4 31 19 7 11 72

9 Rajan g.c. 12 2 37 21 6 7 85

10 Narendra 00 00 00 2 00 13 15
singh