Vehicle

Tribology
Presented by: (not yet reported)
Paulo Gabriel I. Rivera
Jerald Vincent Cordova

INTRODUCTION
What is Tribology?

- It is the study of friction, wear, lubrication, and the design of bearings.

- Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative

motion. Tribology includes boundary-layer interactions both between
solids and between solids and liquids and/or gases.
WEAR DEFINITION
Most wear is a combination of several mechanisms
Abrasive wear
Adhesive wear
Corrosive wear
Fretting wear
CAUSES OF WEAR TO VEHICLES

Time
Usage
Lubricants
FRICTION

- It is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers,
and material elements sliding against each other.

Effect of friction

- the machine will have to exert more force to employ motion in the part if
there is less slipperiness on the surface of the part and so this will cause
the machine to face wear and tear
Lubrication
What is Lubrication?

Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant

to reduce wear on one or both surfaces that are close to

each other and moving relative to each other

Types of Lubrication System

Petroil System
Splash System
Pressure System
Semi-Pressure System
Dry Sump System
Wet Sump System
Petroil System

It is often seen in two-stroke gasoline engines like scooters and

motorbikes. It is the most basic type of lubrication system.

The lubricating oil is added into the gasoline at a predetermined

ratio while filling the vehicle's gasoline tank. The amount of oil to
be added is typically one part oil to ten parts gasoline by volume,
according to relevant publications.
Splash System
The lubricating oil accumulates in an
oil trough or sump. A scoop or
dipper is made in the lowest part of
the connecting rod.
When the engine runs, the dipper
dips in the oil once in every
revolution of the crankshaft and
cause the oil to splash on the
cylinder walls.
Pressure System

YT LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmmcj53TNic
Wet Sump Lubrication System
In this system, oil is transported to various engine parts with a sump
strainer. After lubrication, the oil is carried back to the oil sump. In this
case, the oil is present in the sump. Therefore, it is called a wet sump
lubrication system.
Dry Sump Lubrication
System
It is a system wherein there is an
extra oil reservoir aside from the
oil pan. It’s a process to manage
lubricating oil in both two-stroke
and four-stroke internal
combustion engine. Oil is
pumped at different stages in
the system, at a minimum of
two, with as many as 5 or 6.
Semi-pressure System

It is the combination of a
splash system and pressure
system of the lubrication
system. Some parts are
lubricated by splash system
and some parts by a pressure
system.
Lubrication

The lubricant used can be either a liquid or a solid

substance. Lube oil and grease, which are the most
common types of lubricants available, are commonly used
to lubricate a surface.

Role of a Lubricant

• Reduce friction
• Transfer heat
• Prevent corrosion
• Protect against wear

• Carry away contaminants

• Transmit power
• Act as a seal
Lubricants used in
Automobiles

Engine Oil
The main function of
engine oil is to reduce

friction and wear on

moving parts and to clean
the engine from sludge
and varnish
Lubricants used in
Automobiles

Gear Oil
Gear oil usually has a high
viscosity and contains
extreme pressure (EP)

additives that consist of

phosphorus sulfur
compounds, to cope with the
sliding action of hypoid bevel
gears and combat wear.
Lubricants used in
Automobiles

Grease
It is used in the suspension
and steering joints to prevent

any premature wear and tear.

It is made from oil and
thickeners. The lubricating oil
can be petroleum or synthetic
and can vary in viscosity.
Lubricants used in
Automobiles

Brake Fluids
It is used in the suspension
and steering joints to prevent

any premature wear and tear.

It is made from oil and
thickeners. The lubricating oil
can be petroleum or synthetic
and can vary in viscosity.
Lubricants used in
Automobiles

Hydraulic Oil
The main purpose of
hydraulic oil is to transmit

hydraulic energy, but it is

also useful in secondary
functions
EFFECTS WHEN NOT LUBRICATED PROPERLY

Journal Bearings
If the crankshaft journals get worn, the engine will be having very low
oil pressure and will throw oil all over inside the engine. The
unnecessary splash will overcome the rings and can cause the engine
to use that oil.

In well maintained engine, bearing wear take places instantly after a

cold start because there is less or no oil film between the shaft and
bearing.
EFFECTS WHEN NOT LUBRICATED PROPERLY

Piston Rings
A sliding seal avoiding leakage of the air mixture or fuel is provided
by piston rings. It gets weaken into the oil sump while combustion
and compression from the combustion chamber.

A good maintained car is essential for the very lower wear and
friction. The thickness of the film becomes assorted and minimal
lubrication may exist where the piston will stop to redirect on the top
and bottom of the dead centre.
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