ASANSOL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS
COURSE NAME: COMPUTER NETWORKS
COURSE CODE: PCC-CSBS 501
SEMESTER: 5TH

TOPIC: PPT ASSIGNMENT ON “COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIFFERENT

TYPES OF TOPOLOGY”
ACADEMIC SESSION: ODD-SEMESTER
JUNE 2022 – DECEMBER 2022
BY:

NAME : HAIMANTI SADHU

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO : 10831120015
DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS SYSTEMS (CSBS)
 WHAT IS TOPOLOGY
IN COMPUTER NETWORKING, TOPOLOGY REFERS TO THE LAYOUT OF CONNECTED DEVICES. THE NETWORK
TOPOLOGY DEFINES THE WAY IN WHICH COMPUTERS, PRINTERS, AND OTHER DEVICES ARE CONNECTED. A
NETWORK TOPOLOGY DESCRIBES THE LAYOUT OF THE WIRE AND DEVICES AS WELL AS THE PATHS USED BY
DATA TRANSMISSIONS. A TOPOLOGY IS A NETWORK’S VIRTUAL SHAPE OR STRUCTURE.

• CATEGORIES OF TOPOLOGY:

I. MESH TOPOLOGY
II. BUS TOPOLOGY
III. RING TOPOLOGY
IV. STAR TOPOLOGY
V. TREE TOPOLOGY
VI. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
 MESH TOPOLOGY

 MESH TOPOLOGY: EACH COMPUTER CONNECTS TO EVERY OTHER.

 HIGH LEVEL OF REDUNDANCY.

 RARELY USED.

 WIRING IS VERY COMPLICATED

 CABLING COST IS HIGH

 TROUBLESHOOTING A FAILED CABLE IS TRICKY

 A VARIATION HYBRID MESH – CREATE POINT TO POINT

 CONNECTION BETWEEN SPECIFIC NETWORK DEVICES, OFTEN

 SEEN IN WAN IMPLEMENTATION.

Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Requires more cable than the other LAN topologies
 Robust
 Complicated implementation
 There is the advantage of privacy or security
 Installation and reconnection are difficult.
 The network can be expanded without
disruption to current uses  Sheer bulk of wiring can be greater than the available
space can accommodate
 Point to point links make fault identification
and fault isolation easy  Expensive
 BUS TOPOLOGY
A BUS TOPOLOGY CONSISTS OF A SINGLE CABLE—CALLED A BACKBONE— CONNECTING ALL NODES ON A NETWORK WITHOUT
INTERVENING CONNECTIVITY DEVICES

 DEVICES SHARE RESPONSIBILITY FOR GETTING DATA FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER

 TERMINATORS STOP SIGNALS AFTER REACHING END OF WIRE

 PREVENT SIGNAL BOUNCE

 INEXPENSIVE, NOT VERY SCALABLE

 DIFFICULT TO TROUBLESHOOT, NOT FAULT-TOLERANT

Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Works well for small  Management costs can be high
networks
 Network disruption when computers
 Easy to install are added or removed
 Relatively inexpensive to  A break in the cable will prevent all
implement systems from accessing the network.
 Difficult to troubleshoot
 RING TOPOLOGY

 EACH NODE IS CONNECTED TO THE TWO NEAREST NODES SO THE ENTIRE NETWORK FORMS A CIRCLE

 ONE METHOD FOR PASSING DATA ON RING NETWORKS IS TOKEN PASSING

 DATA TRAVELS AROUND THE NETWORK

 TRAFFIC FLOWS IN ONE DIRECTION

 SLOW PERFORMANCE

 ONE WORKSTATION GOES DOWN; WHOLE NETWORK GOES DOWN

 NETWORK IS HIGHLY DEPENDENT

Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Cable faults are easily located,  Expensive
making troubleshooting easier
 Requires more cable and
 Ring networks are moderately easy network equipment at the start
to install
 Expansion to the network can
cause network disruption
 A single break in the cable can
disrupt the entire network
 STAR TOPOLOGY

• IN STAR TOPOLOGY, ALL THE COMPONENTS OF NETWORK ARE CONNECTED TO THE CENTRAL DEVICE CALLED “HUB” WHICH MAY BE
A HUB, A ROUTER OR A SWITCH.

• ANY SINGLE CABLE CONNECTS ONLY TWO DEVICES

• CABLING PROBLEMS AFFECT TWO NODES AT MOST

• REQUIRES MORE CABLING THAN RING OR BUS NETWORKS

• MORE FAULT-TOLERANT

• EASILY MOVED, ISOLATED, OR INTERCONNECTED WITH OTHER NETWORKS

• SCALABLE

• SUPPORTS MAX OF 1024 ADDRESSABLE NODES ON LOGICAL NETWORK

Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Good option for modern networks
 Hub is a single point of failure
 Low startup costs
 Requires more cable than the bus
 Easy to manage
 Offers opportunities for expansion
 Most popular topology in use; wide variety
of equipment available
 TREE TOPOLOGY

 IT IS ALSO CALLED EXPENDED STAR TOPOLOGY.

 TREE TOPOLOGY INTEGRATES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STAR AND BUS TOPOLOGY
 IN TREE TOPOLOGY, THE NUMBER OF STAR NETWORKS ARE CONNECTED USING BUS
 THIS MAIN CABLE SEEMS LIKE A MAIN STEM OF A TREE, AND OTHER STAR NETWORKS AS THE
BRANCHES

Advantages: Disadvantages:

• It is scalable. Secondary nodes • Maintenance of the

allow more devices to be
connected to a central node.
• Point to point connection of
devices.
• Having different levels of the
network makes it more
manageable hence easier fault
identification and isolation.
network may be an
issue when the network
spans a great area.
• Since it is a variation of
bus topology, if the
backbone fails, the
entire network is
crippled.
 HYBRID TOPOLOGY

• HYBRID NETWORKS USE A COMBINATION OF ANY TWO OR MORE TOPOLOGIES IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE RESULTING NETWORK
DOES NOT EXHIBIT ONE OF THE STANDARD TOPOLOGIES (E.G., BUS, STAR, RING, ETC.). FOR EXAMPLE, A TREE NETWORK
CONNECTED TO A TREE NETWORK IS STILL A TREE NETWORK TOPOLOGY. A HYBRID TOPOLOGY IS ALWAYS PRODUCED WHEN TWO
DIFFERENT BASIC NETWORK TOPOLOGIES ARE CONNECTED. TWO COMMON EXAMPLES FOR HYBRID NETWORK ARE: STAR RING
NETWORK AND STAR BUS NETWORK.

Advantages: Disadvantages:
 It is extremely flexible.  It is a type of network
 It is very reliable. expensive.
 It is easily scalable as  The design of a hybrid
Hybrid networks are network is very
built in a fashion complex.
which enables easy  There is a change in the
integration of new hardware to connect
hardware one topology with
components. Error another topology.
detecting and  Usually, hybrid
troubleshooting are architectures are larger
in scale so they require a
easy.
lot of cables in the
installation process.
 CHOOSING A TOPOLOGY

• BUS
• NETWORK IS SMALL
• NETWORK WILL NOT BE FREQUENTLY RECONFIGURED
• LEAST EXPENSIVE SOLUTION IS REQUIRED
• NETWORK IS NOT EXPECTED TO GROW MUCH
• STAR
• IT MUST BE EASY TO ADD/REMOVE PCS
• IT MUST BE EASY TO TROUBLESHOOT
• NETWORK IS LARGE
• NETWORK IS EXPECTED TO GROW IN THE FUTURE
• RING
• NETWORK MUST OPERATE REASONABLY UNDER HEAVY LOAD
• HIGHER SPEED NETWORK IS REQUIRED
• NETWORK WILL NOT BE FREQUENTLY RECONFIGURED